A cinomose canina, causada pelo vírus Canine Distemper (CDV), é uma doença de grande importância não só no Brasil como no mundo. Isto se deve principalmente à sua vasta ocorrência, facilitada pelo tipo de transmissão que pode ser por contato com secreções respiratórias, oculares, por fezes e urina. Detectar rapidamente o vírus em animais contaminados é de extrema importância para que o controle aconteça de forma rápida e adequada, evitando o agravamento da doença, a disseminação e o aumento da mortalidade. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo desenvolver uma plataforma diagnóstica imunocromatográfica que possibilite a detecção rápida de biomoléculas relacionadas com esta doença. Os testes imunocromatográficos são por natureza plataformas de baixo custo e que fornecem resultados rápidos sem a necessidade de equipamentos para a interpretação. Essas plataformas são compostas por regiões diferentes de papéis ou membranas, constituídos de fibra de vidro (sample pad e conjugate pad), material celulósico (sample pad e absorbent pad) e nitrocelulose (região de detecção). Nesse trabalho, com o intuído de diminuir ainda mais o custo da plataforma, foi avaliada a possibilidade de substituição das diferentes regiões somente pelo do papel de filtro Whatman nº 1. Para isso, foi necessário a otimização de diversos reagentes e tratamentos que fossem capazes de modificar a estrutura do papel, deixando-o mais reativo frente às proteínas imobilizadas na região de detecção, como o periodato de sódio, divinilsulfona e tampão carbonato; e menos reativos, quando utilizado em outras regiões. Antes de iniciar os ensaios com o papel, os anticorpos foram avaliados por immunoblotting para verificar o funcionamento dos mesmos, em relação à sensibilidade e especificidade. Após a avaliação, os anticorpos foram imobilizados com sucesso no papel de filtro através do uso de tampão carbonado como reagente sensibilizador da celulose, levando à construção das regiões teste e controle. No conjugate pad o tratamento mais eficiente foi com a utilização de 5% de sacarose, 1% de BSA e 0,5% de Tween-20 em PBS, que garantiu a liberação satisfatória dos conjugados para a região de detecção. / Canine distemper, caused by the Canine Distemper virus (CDV), is a disease of great importance not only in Brazil, but also in the world. This is due mainly to its vast occurrence, facilitated by the transmission pathways, which may occur through contact with respiratory and/or ocular secretions, feces and urine. Rapid detection of the virus in contaminated animals is extremely important so that control takes place quickly and properly, avoiding disease worsening, its dissemination and mortality increase. The present work aimed in developing an immunochromatographic diagnostic platform that allows rapid detection of biomolecules related to this disease. Immunochromatographic tests are naturally low-cost platforms that provide fast results without need for equipment for interpretation. These platforms are composed by different regions of paper or glass fiber membranes (sample pad and conjugate pad), cellulosic material (sample pad and absorbent pad), and nitrocellulose (detection region). In this work, with the intention of further platform\'s cost reduction, the possibility of replacing the different regions was evaluated by using only the Whatman nº 1 filter paper. For this, it was necessary to optimize several reagents and treatments that were capable of modifying the paper structure, making it more reactive to the proteins immobilized in the detection region, such as sodium periodate, divinylsulfone, and carbonate buffer; and less reactive paper when used in other regions. Before initiating the paper assays, the antibodies were evaluated by immunoblotting for verifying their function, regarding sensitivity and specificity. With the results obtained within this test, new strategies had and have been drawn and will be followed in future experiments. After the evaluation, the antibodies were successfully immobilized on the filter paper with the use of carbonate buffer as the cellulose sensitizer reagent, leading to the construction of the test and control regions. In the conjugate pad the most efficient treatment was the use of 5% sucrose, 1% BSA and 0.5% Tween-20 in PBS, which ensured the satisfactory release of the conjugates to the detection region.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-09T12:28:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-03-24Bitstream added on 2015-04-09T12:48:22Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000813863.pdf: 676198 bytes, checksum: 4b21e81c2e5a200fc033bd9c6d6cc0e4 (MD5) / A cinomose canina é uma importante afecção contagiosa, com elevada taxa de letalidade e comprometimento multissistêmico, incluindo o sistema nervoso central. A leucoencefalite desmielinizante é a principal alteração neuropatológica observada, sendo sua patogênese pouco conhecida. A quebra da barreira hematoencefálica (BHE) com penetração viral e infiltração leucocitária são aspectos cruciais no desenvolvimento da encefalite desmielinizante. Em seres humanos e animais com alterações semelhantes, as metaloproteinases da matriz (MMPs), principalmente 2 e 9, vem sendo apontadas como os agentes desestruturantes da integridade da BHE. Assim, buscou-se estabelecer o envolvimento das MMPs 2 e 9 na quebra da BHE de cães com cinomose em fase neurológica. O presente estudo teve como escopo principal determinar e quantificar tais enzimas, pela técnica de zimografia, no soro e no liquor de cães hígidos (Gcon, n=10) e cães com cinomose na fase neurológica (Gcin, n=10). Além disso, foram determinados os parâmetros físico-químicos do liquor para a obtenção de maiores informações acerca da integridade da BHE. A análise estatística multivariada exploratória mostrou padrões distintos segundo as variáveis estudadas, sendo estas comparadas entre os grupos com o teste t / Canine distemper is an important contagious disease with high mortality rate and multisystem involvement including the central nervous system. The demyelinating leukoencephalitis is the main neuropathological alteration observed and its pathogenesis is not well known. The rupture of the blood brain barrier (BBB) with viral penetration and leukocyte infiltration are crucial for the development of demyelinating encephalitis. In humans and animals with similar disorders, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) especially 2 and 9 have been pointed as the agents that destabilize the integrity of the BBB. Thus, we sought to establish the involvement of MMPs 2 and 9 in BBB rupture of dogs with distemper at the neurological phase. The present study aimed to determine and quantify these enzymes by the technique of zymography in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of healthy dogs (Gcon, n=10) and dogs with distemper at neurological stage (Gcin, n=10). Furthermore, we determined the physicochemical parameters of liquor to obtain more information about the integrity of the BBB. Exploratory multivariate analysis showed distinct patterns according to the variants studied, which were compared between groups with t test

Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-20T17:09:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-02-25. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-20T17:26:24Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000841001.pdf: 1406089 bytes, checksum: e9c405c8291ecd2e0a7fe04614316048 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O vírus da cinomose canina conhecido como CDV (canine distemper vírus), acomete animais de ordem carnívora sendo considerado uma das doenças canina mais difícil de diagnosticar clinicamente, podendo levando à morte cerca de 85% dos cães infectados. Atualmente, existem varias técnicas para o diagnóstico da cinomose canina entre eles se destacam os métodos ELISA, hibridização in sito, testes sorológicos, fluorescência e técnica de PCR, porém os mesmos podem apresentar resultados demorados, além de um elevado custo. Nos últimos anos, o desenvolvimento de biossensores vem se apresentando como uma alternativa para a detecção química e bioquímica de diversos compostos, mostrando grande potencial para sua aplicação no diagnóstico clínico. Dessa forma, desenvolvemos uma metodologia analítica para o diagnóstico rápido da cinomose canina em amostras reais, com alta carga viral, utilizando diferentes técnicas como ressonância plasmônica de superfície (SPR), ressonância plasmônica de superfície localizada (LSPR), espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica (EIS) e colorimetria / The canine distemper virus known as CDV, affects animals carnivorous order and is considered one of canine diseases more difficult to diagnose clinically, and may leading to the death about 85% of infected dogs. Currently, there are several techniques for the diagnosis of canine distemper among them stands out the ELISA methods, in situ hybridization, serological tests, fluorescence and PCR technique, however they may present lengthy results and a high cost. In recent years, the development of biosensors has been presented as an alternative to chemical and biochemical detection of several compounds showing high potential for application in clinical diagnostics. Thus, we developed an analytical methodology for the rapid diagnosis of canine distemper virus in real samples, with high viral load, using different techniques such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR), located surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and colorimetry / FAPESP: 2012/15666-1

Orientador: Valber de Albuquerque Pedrosa / Banca: Ivana Cesarino / Banca: João Pessoa Araújo Junior / Resumo: O vírus da cinomose canina conhecido como CDV (canine distemper vírus), acomete animais de ordem carnívora sendo considerado uma das doenças canina mais difícil de diagnosticar clinicamente, podendo levando à morte cerca de 85% dos cães infectados. Atualmente, existem varias técnicas para o diagnóstico da cinomose canina entre eles se destacam os métodos ELISA, hibridização in sito, testes sorológicos, fluorescência e técnica de PCR, porém os mesmos podem apresentar resultados demorados, além de um elevado custo. Nos últimos anos, o desenvolvimento de biossensores vem se apresentando como uma alternativa para a detecção química e bioquímica de diversos compostos, mostrando grande potencial para sua aplicação no diagnóstico clínico. Dessa forma, desenvolvemos uma metodologia analítica para o diagnóstico rápido da cinomose canina em amostras reais, com alta carga viral, utilizando diferentes técnicas como ressonância plasmônica de superfície (SPR), ressonância plasmônica de superfície localizada (LSPR), espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica (EIS) e colorimetria / Abstract: The canine distemper virus known as CDV, affects animals carnivorous order and is considered one of canine diseases more difficult to diagnose clinically, and may leading to the death about 85% of infected dogs. Currently, there are several techniques for the diagnosis of canine distemper among them stands out the ELISA methods, in situ hybridization, serological tests, fluorescence and PCR technique, however they may present lengthy results and a high cost. In recent years, the development of biosensors has been presented as an alternative to chemical and biochemical detection of several compounds showing high potential for application in clinical diagnostics. Thus, we developed an analytical methodology for the rapid diagnosis of canine distemper virus in real samples, with high viral load, using different techniques such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR), located surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and colorimetry / Mestre

Orientador: Antonio Carlos Paes / Banca: Regina Kiomi Takahira / Banca: Rogério Tortelly / Resumo: Este estudo teve por objetivos testar a eficácia da ribavirina em cães acometidos de cinomose na fase neurológica; avaliar os efeitos colaterais da mesma através do monitoramento hematológico e provas bioquímicas; avaliar a resposta imunológica no sistema nervoso central dos cães através do exame de líquor; adaptar uma dose e via de administração adequada da ribavirina em cães e testar a eficácia do DMSO como permeante de membranas biológicas atuando como vetor da ribavirina. Foram utilizados 20 cães com sinais clínicos neurológica, divididos em dois grupos de tratamento, sendo que um grupo recebeu a ribavirina e outro a associação da ribavirina e o DMSO, sem distinção de sexo e raça, com idades até seis anos e tempo de evolução máximo de 10 dias. Todos os animais foram avaliados clinicamente e realizado o teste de imunofluorescência direta de sangue para inclusão no estudo. Os exames complementares foram realizados de forma rotineira, o líquor foi colhido antes e após o tratamento, as drogas foram administradas durante 15 dias consecutivos e realizada a avaliação clínica diária dos animais. Pelos resultados observamos que a ribavirina demonstrou atividade efetiva contra o vírus da cinomose, exercendo leves efeitos colaterais na medula óssea, sistema imune e sistema gastro-intestinal. No líquor observamos diminuição da produção de anticorpos e verificamos que o DMSO tornou a ação da ribavirina mais eficaz. / Abstract: This study aimed to test the ribavirin efficacy in dogs infected with canine distemper virus in neurological stage; to evaluate this collateral effects by hematological and biochemical evaluation; to evaluate the immunological response on dogs central nervous system (CNS) by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis; to adapt a dose and an adequate administration route of ribavirin in dogs and to test the efficacy of dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) in increasing the permeability of biological membranes acting as ribavirin vector. Twenty dogs with neurological signs, divided in two treatment groups, without sex and breed distinction, till six years old and a maximum evolution time of 10 days were used. All animals were selected based on clinical sings and the blood direct fluorescent test (DFA). The hemogram, biochemical and urinalsis test were carried out. At the complementary tests, CSF was collected before and after the treatment, and ribavirin and its association with DMSO were administered during 15 days, consecutive, and the animal clinical evaluation was carried out daily. Based on the results, ribavirin demonstrated effective activity against canine distemper virus, besides its light collateral effects in bone marrow, immune and gastrointestinal systems. In CSF, the lowering of antibody production, and the positive effects of DMSO on ribavirin efficacy were observed. / Mestre

Orientador: Márcia Ferreira da Rosa Sobreira / Coorientador: Gisele Fabrino Machado / Banca: Aureo Evangelista Santana / Banca: Maria Angélica Dias / Resumo: A cinomose canina é uma importante afecção contagiosa, com elevada taxa de letalidade e comprometimento multissistêmico, incluindo o sistema nervoso central. A leucoencefalite desmielinizante é a principal alteração neuropatológica observada, sendo sua patogênese pouco conhecida. A quebra da barreira hematoencefálica (BHE) com penetração viral e infiltração leucocitária são aspectos cruciais no desenvolvimento da encefalite desmielinizante. Em seres humanos e animais com alterações semelhantes, as metaloproteinases da matriz (MMPs), principalmente 2 e 9, vem sendo apontadas como os agentes desestruturantes da integridade da BHE. Assim, buscou-se estabelecer o envolvimento das MMPs 2 e 9 na quebra da BHE de cães com cinomose em fase neurológica. O presente estudo teve como escopo principal determinar e quantificar tais enzimas, pela técnica de zimografia, no soro e no liquor de cães hígidos (Gcon, n=10) e cães com cinomose na fase neurológica (Gcin, n=10). Além disso, foram determinados os parâmetros físico-químicos do liquor para a obtenção de maiores informações acerca da integridade da BHE. A análise estatística multivariada exploratória mostrou padrões distintos segundo as variáveis estudadas, sendo estas comparadas entre os grupos com o teste t / Abstract: Canine distemper is an important contagious disease with high mortality rate and multisystem involvement including the central nervous system. The demyelinating leukoencephalitis is the main neuropathological alteration observed and its pathogenesis is not well known. The rupture of the blood brain barrier (BBB) with viral penetration and leukocyte infiltration are crucial for the development of demyelinating encephalitis. In humans and animals with similar disorders, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) especially 2 and 9 have been pointed as the agents that destabilize the integrity of the BBB. Thus, we sought to establish the involvement of MMPs 2 and 9 in BBB rupture of dogs with distemper at the neurological phase. The present study aimed to determine and quantify these enzymes by the technique of zymography in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of healthy dogs (Gcon, n=10) and dogs with distemper at neurological stage (Gcin, n=10). Furthermore, we determined the physicochemical parameters of liquor to obtain more information about the integrity of the BBB. Exploratory multivariate analysis showed distinct patterns according to the variants studied, which were compared between groups with t test / Mestre

Orientador: Maria Leticia Cintra / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T19:11:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Scarpelli_EdsonMartins_M.pdf: 3928334 bytes, checksum: 3ef78d4f7a3f4ec5c95969a5e584a0e9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: A cinomose canina (CC) é uma doença viral sistêmica de carnívoros, cujo diagnóstico é embasado em sinais neurológicos e extra-neurais. A desmielinização que ocorre nesta doença assemelha-se à das doenças desmielinizantes humanas, o que a torna um modelo animal para estudo de doenças neurodegenerativas humanas. Lesões iniciais do SNC caracterizam-se por desmielinização sem considerável inflamação e lesões tardias por um processo inflamatório crônico. Vários métodos são empregados para o diagnóstico da CC, destacando-se a RT-PCR como precisa e sensível. Estudar, prospectivamente, os achados clínicos e histopatológicos do cérebro de 49 cães com cinomose diagnosticada clinicamente, e confrontá-los com os resultados da RT-PCR foi o nosso objetivo. A presença de sinais neurológicos foi significante para o diagnóstico da doença, especialmente a mioclonia e ataxia. O comprometimento inflamatório era significante no cerebelo, hipocampo e diencéfalo sendo que a reação inflamatória era maior no diencéfalo. Quanto maior o peso cerebral, menor era a desmielinização. Nos animais na fase clínica aguda, a freqüência de desmielinização cerebelar foi maior. Foi significante a localização linização, mas, também, havia forte comprometimento cortical, embasando os comemorativos clínicos. A pesquisa do vírus da CC pela RT-PCR foi negativa em 34% dos animais doentes; 88% deles encontravam-se na fase crônica, onde o vírus esta praticamente ausente. Em todos os cães sadios, a RT-PCR resultou positiva, provavelmente por vacinação ou doença prévia. Nossos achados ressaltam a importância da avaliação clínica para o diagnóstico da CC e dos achados anatomopatológicos respaldando a clínica / Abstract: Introduction: canine distemper (CD) is a carnivores viral systemic disease whose clinical diagnosis is based on neurological and extra neural signs. The CD demyelination resembles those of human demyelinating diseases; therefore it becomes an animal model for human neurodegenerative diseases study. Central nervous system (CNS) initial lesions are characterized by demyelination with no considerable inflammation and late lesions by a chronic inflammatory process. Several methods are used for the diagnosis of CD; and RT-PCR stands out for being precise and sensitive. Purpose: to study, prospectively, clinical and histopathologic signs of 49 dogs' brains with distemper clinically diagnosed, and compare them to RT-PCR results. Results and Conclusions: the presence of neurological signs was significant for the diagnosis of the disease, especially myoclonus and ataxia. The inflammatory reaction was significant in the cerebellum, the hippocampus and the diencephalons; the inflammatory reaction was larger in the diencephalon. The higher the cerebral weight the lowest the demyelination. In animals on the acute clinical form, the demyelination frequency in the cerebellum was higher. Cerebellum and diencephalons localization in the demyelination was significant, but there was also strong cortical compromising, embasing clinical observations. RT-PCR for CD virus tested negative in 34% of the sick animals; 88% of them were in the chronic phase, in which the virus is practically non-existent. In all healthy dogs, RT-PCR resulted positive, probably due to vaccination or previous disease. Our findings stress the importance of clinical evaluation for CD diagnosis and histopathological examination supporting clinical findings / Mestrado / Ciencias Biomedicas / Mestre em Ciências Médicas

Studies comparing canine distemper virus (CDV) strains from Africa with that of previously described lineages have been hampered due to a lack of field strains for in vitro experiments. There are no reports of CDV isolations in southern Africa, and although CDV is said to have geographically distinct lineages, molecular information of African strains has not yet been documented. Clinical specimens consisting of whole blood, spleen, lungs, brain and cerebrospinal fluid from dogs with clinical signs suggestive of distemper were obtained from private veterinary practices and diagnostic laboratories in Gauteng province, South Africa. One hundred and sixty two specimens from 124 dogs were inoculated into Vero cells expressing canine signalling lymphocyte activation molecule (Vero.DogSLAM). Cytopathic effects (CPE) in the form of syncytia formation and cell necrosis were observed in 33 (20.4%) specimens within 24 hours of inoculation and the presence of CDV was confirmed with the aid of the direct fluorescent antibody test and electronmicroscopy (EM). Viruses isolated in cell cultures were subjected to reverse transcription – polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and the complete H gene was sequenced and phylogenetically analysed with other strains from GenBank. The animals all displayed the catarrhal, systemic, or nervous signs of the disease. Four of the dogs positive for CDV by viral isolation had a history of prior vaccinations to canine distemper. Seventy three percent of all positive dogs were less than 12 months old. There was no breed or sex predisposition to CDV infection in domestic dogs. Phylogenetic comparisons of the complete H gene of CDV isolates from different parts of the world (available in GenBank) with wild-type South African isolates revealed nine clades. All South African isolates form a separate African clade of their own and thus are clearly separated from the American, European, Asian, Arctic and vaccine virus clades. It is likely that only the ‘African lineage’ of CDV may be circulating in South Africa currently, and the viruses isolated from dogs vaccinated against CDV are not the result of reversion to virulence of vaccine strains, but infection with wild-type strains. Copyright / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Veterinary Tropical Diseases / unrestricted

No description available.

The higher proximity among humans, domestic animals and wildlife favours disease spill-over both from wildlife to domestic animals and vice versa, which is a potential risk for the extinction of wildlife populations and could be influencing the emergence and/or re-emergence of zoonotic diseases. The domestic dog (Canis familiaris) is the most abundant and widely distributed carnivore worldwide and is known to be carrying many infectious diseases. Among these diseases, domestic dogs are known to be source of canine distemper virus (CDV), canine parvovirus (CPV) and Echinococcus granulosus to wild carnivores and human being. Populations of domestic dogs inhabiting urban areas can be the source of infection of directly transmitted pathogens, since in these areas a high density of domestic dogs can facilitate the maintenance of these infections to both domestic and wild carnivore populations. In addition, the knowledge of the diseases present in the domestic dog populations in close proximity to wildlife is essential for conservation planning and for control of both zoonotic diseases and diseases of conservation concern. This thesis explores the effect of urbanization on the epidemiology of CDV, CPV, and E granulosus in domestic dogs and wild carnivores of the Coquimbo region of Chile as for example, chilla (L. griseus) and culpeo (L. culpaeus) foxes and assess the risk factors that could be facilitate disease transmission between canid inhabiting urban and rural areas. The first of the chapters containing original data, Chapter 3, describe the demography of dogs in the study area, indicating that urban sites have a greater population and a higher density of domestic dogs, a high growth rate and therefore a high turnover of susceptible than rural areas, which can be of relevance for the differences in diseases transmission patterns between these sites. Chapter 4 describe the degree of interaction between wild and domestic carnivores and its effect on interespecific disease transmission; indicating that in the study area there are many opportunities for domestic/wild carnivores interactions, as for example livestock predation by carnivores, by approaching to peridomestic environments, facilitating in this scenario the transmission of CDV, CPV and also E. granulosus by predating on livestock contaminated with cyst echinococcosis. Chapter 5 indicate that urban areas hold domestic dog populations with higher CDV seroprevalence than rural sites and probably these areas are the source of infection to rural sites. In contrast, a more stable CPV seroprevalence was found between urban and rural areas, indicating that possibly this pathogen follow an endemic state across the study area. Chapter 6 describe the factors for E. granulosus prevalence in domestic dogs, livestock and human being, suggesting that more cases of E. granulosus in livestock and in humans are found in provinces of the Coquimbo region with higher percentage of rural population; however, and unexpectedly, more cases of E. granulosus in domestic dogs were found in urban areas, although analysis of risk factors indicated that those domestic dogs inhabiting in the borders of urban areas, were at greater risk of being infected with E. granulosus than those in the centre of these areas. The results of this study exemplify how three pathogens are found in urban areas which can be source of infection to domestic and wild carnivores in the study area.