El cànem (Cannabis sativa L.) és un cultiu que desperta en l'actualitat un gran interès per ser font de múltiples productes industrials renovables i tenir el perfil adequat per ajudar a establir sistemes agrícoles sostenibles, a més de ser un cultiu respectuós amb el medi ambient. L'objectiu principal d'aquesta tesi és estudiar agronòmicament diferents aspectes el cànem. En particular es pretén: i) estudiar l'efecte d'algunes tècniques culturals (adob nitrogenat, dosi sembra i data collita, així com culti-var) en el creixement del cultiu i la producció del cànem i ii) quantificar el possible efecte beneficiós del cànem com a precedent cultural del blat. Es van dur a terme tres assaig de camp des de l'any 1995 al 1999 a Merlès (42o N, 1o 99' E; 525 m d'altitud; 700 mm), als secans frescals del nord-est d'Espanya on cànem i blat es cultiven habitualment en rotació, en un sòl franc-arenòs i bàsic (pH=8,2; M.O.=1,7%). La densitat de cultiu del cànem va decréixer entre naixença i collita, més intensament a mida que adob N i dosi de sembra van augmentar. La densitat a naixença i l'autoaclarida van variar amb l'any, fet que pot resultar en una fibra de qualitat variable en secà. Adob N i dosi de sembra van afectar el creixement, rendiment i partició de la biomassa. El rendiment de biomassa (8814 kg ha-1) es va incrementar amb el N, si bé la dosi N òptima va variar amb l'any i la collita (30-50 kg N ha-1) i va ser superior per al cultiu per a gra i fibra, respecte al cultiu només per a fibra. El rendiment de biomassa i gra va decréixer a l'augmentar la dosi de sembra, mentre que la proporció de tija a la biomassa i de fibra cortical a la tija es van incrementar, si bé no justifiquen l'ús de dosis elevades, i uns 30 kg llavor ha-1 serien adequats per a la producció de gra i fibra en les condicions de l'assaig. Les culti-vars espanyoles Delta 405 i Delta-Llosa van tenir un rendi-ment de gra superior a Futura77 (francesa), però no es van diferenciar per als altres paràmetres. La presència de plantes mascle va ser important (10-35%), malgrat tractar-se de cv. monoiques.El cànem seria un bon precedent per al blat. L'efecte rotació -increment de rendiment de gra del blat rere cànem respecte al blat monocultiu- va ser de 1368 kg ha-1(47%) de mitjana, el qual va sorgir de l'increment del número d'espigues m-2 i del pes de 1000 grans. L'efecte rotació es va estendre al segon any de blat rere cànem (156 kg ha-1) i es va esvair per al tercer any de blat rere cànem, on rotació i monocultiu van mostrar rendiments similars. L'efecte rotació va variar amb l'adobat aplicat al cànem precedent. No adobar-lo, o reduir-ne dràsticament la dosi N, va disminuir el rendiment del cànem, va limitar l'increment de rendiment del següent blat i no va reduir el N nítric residual en el sòl després de la collita del cànem, ni a filloleig ni després de la collita del següent blat. És a dir, el N nítric residual que va deixar el cànem no seria el responsable de l'efecte rotació, sinó que suggereix relacionar-se amb la quantitat de fulla caiguda al sòl, a través d'algun dels seus components, a més de l'augment de l'estabilitat dels agregats del sòl que va originar el cànem. Tanmateix, aquest treball no va permetre explicar completament com el cànem va incrementar el rendiment del blat. A diferència del blat, el cànem es va adaptar bé al monocultiu, ja que va mostrar resultats similars al cànem en rotació.Es conclou que el cànem és un cultiu apropiat per als secans frescals, donat que va ser un bon precedent del blat, la producció de fibra va ser força estable i va destacar per tenir un rendiment de gra superior al que obtenen al centre i nord d'Europa, a més de no necessitar fitosanitaris i ajudar a suprimir les males herbes. I més en uns moments en què es parla de sostenibilitat, de rotacions de cultius i de reducció de fitosanitaris. No obstant, encara queda molt per investigar, com per exemple el motiu de l'increment de rendiment del blat rere cànem i si es poden obtenir culti-vars de cànem més ben adaptades a les condicions Mediterrànies. / El cáñamo (Cannabis sativa L) es un cultivo que despierta gran interés en la actualidad por ser fuente de múltiples productos industriales renovables y tener el perfil adecuado para ayudar a establecer sistemas agrícolas sostenibles, siendo un cultivo respetuoso con el medio ambiente. El objetivo principal de esta tesis es estudiar agronómicamente diferentes aspectos del cáñamo. En particular se pretende: i) estudiar el efecto de algunas técnicas culturales (abono nitrogenado, dosis siembra y fecha cosecha, así como cultivar) en el desarrollo del cultivo y la producción del cáñamo y ii) cuantificar el posible efecto beneficioso del cáñamo como precedente cultural del trigo. Se llevaron a cabo tres ensayos de campo desde el año 1995 al 1999 en Merlès (Barcelona; 42º N, 1º 99' E; 525 m altitud; 700 mm), en los secanos frescales del nordeste de España donde cáñamo y trigo se cultivan habitualmente en rotación, en un suelo franco-arenoso y básico (pH= 8,2; M.O.=1,7%). La densidad de cultivo del cáñamo disminuyó entre la nascencia y la cosecha, de forma más intensa al aumentar la dosis de N y de siembra. La densidad a nascencia y el autoaclareo variaron con el año, lo que puede resultar en una fibra de calidad variable en secano. Abono N y dosis de siembra afectaron al crecimiento, rendimiento y partición de la biomasa. El rendimiento de biomasa (8814 kg ha-1) se incrementó con el abono N, aunque la dosis óptima varió con el año y el momento de la cosecha (30-150 kg N ha-1) y fue superior para el cultivo para grano y fibra, respecto al cultivo solo para fibra. El rendimiento de biomasa y grano decreció al aumentar la dosis de siembra, mientras que la proporción de tallo en la biomasa y de fibra cortical en el tallo incrementaron, si bien no justifican el uso de dosis de siembra elevadas, y unos 30 kg semilla ha-1 serían adecuados para la producción de grano y fibra en las condiciones del ensayo. Los cultivares españoles Delta 405 y Delta-Llosa presentaron un rendi-miento de grano superior a Futura 77 (francesa), pero no se diferenciaron para el resto de parámetros. La presencia de plantas macho fue importante (10-35%), a pesar de ser cultivares monoicos.El cáñamo sería un buen precedente para el trigo. El efecto rotación -incremento de rendimiento de grano de trigo después de cáñamo respecto al trigo monocultivo- fue de 1368 kg ha-1 (47%) de media, el cual surgió del incremento del número de espigas m-2 y del peso de 1000 granos. El efecto rotación se extendió al segundo año de trigo después de cáñamo (156 kg ha-1) y desapareció para el tercer año de trigo después de cáñamo, donde rotación y monocultivo presentaron rendimientos similares. El efecto rotación varió con el abono aplicado al cáñamo precedente. No abonarlo, o reducir drásticamente la dosis de N, disminuyó el rendimiento del cáñamo, limitó el incremento del rendimiento del siguiente trigo y no disminuyó el N nítrico residual en el suelo después de la cosecha del cáñamo, ni en el ahijado ni después de la cosecha del siguiente trigo. O sea, el N nítrico residual que deja el cáñamo no sería el responsable del efecto rotación, sino que sugiere estar relacionado con la cantidad de hoja caída al suelo, a través de alguno de sus componentes, además del aumento de la estabilidad de los agregados del suelo que originó el cáñamo. Sin embargo, este trabajo no permitió explicar completamente como el cáñamo incrementó el rendimiento del trigo. A diferencia del trigo, el cáñamo se adaptó bien al monocultivo, dado que mostró resultados similares al cáñamo en rotación.Se concluye que el cáñamo es un cultivo apropiado para los secanos frescales, ya que fue un buen precedente del trigo, la producción de fibra fue bastante estable y tuvo un rendimiento de grano superior al que obtienen en el centro y norte de Europa, además de no necesitar fitosani-tarios y ayudar a suprimir malas hierbas. Y más aún en estos momentos en los que se habla de sostenibilidad, de rotaciones de cultivos y de reducción de fitosanitarios. No obstante, aún queda mucho por investigar, como por ejemplo el motivo del incremento de rendimiento del trigo y si se pueden obtener cultivares de cáñamo mejor adaptados a las condiciones mediterráneas. / Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is currently awakening great interest as a source of many renewable industrial products with a suitable profile to fit into sustainable farming systems, being an environmentally friendly crop. The main aim of this thesis was to study some hemp features agronomically. The specific objectives were: i) to study the effect of some cultural techniques (nitrogen fertilization, seeding rate, harvest date and cultivar) on crop development and hemp production and ii) to quantify the possible beneficial effect of hemp as a cultural precedent to wheat. Three field trials were carried out between 1995 and 1999 in Merlès (420 N, 10 99' E; 525 m above sea level; 700 mm average rainfall) in rainfed Temperate Mediterranean areas of northeastern Spain, where hemp and wheat are traditionally grown in rotation, in a sandy-loam, basic soil (pH=8.2; O.M.=1.7%).Plant density of hemp decreased between emergence and harvest especially when N dose and seeding rate increased. Plant density at emergence and self-thinning varied according to the year, which may result in a variable fibre quality under rainfed conditions. N fertilization and seeding rate affected growth, and yield and partitioning of biomass dry matter. The biomass yield (8814 kg ha-1) increased with N fertilizer, although the optimum N rate varied with the year and harvest date (30-150 kg N ha-1) and was higher when hemp was grown for seed and fibre rather than fibre alone. Both biomass and grain yield decreased when seeding rate increased, while proportion of stem in the biomass and bark fibre in the stem increased. Nevertheless, this does not justify using high seeding rates and about 30 kg seed ha-1 should be adequate for seed and fibre production. The Spanish cultivars Delta 405 and Delta-Llosa produced higher seed yield than Futura 77 (French), but no significant differences were found for other parameters. The male plants ratio was important (10-35%) although cultivars used are monoecious.Hemp is a good precedent for wheat. The rotation effect, expressed as the increase in grain yield of wheat after hemp compared to wheat monoculture, was 1368 kg ha-1 (47%) on average, which came from an increase in the number of spikes m-2 and from 1000 kernel weight. The rotation effect extended to a second year of wheat after hemp (156 kg ha-1) and disappeared in the third year of wheat after hemp, where rotation and monoculture showed similar yields. The rotation effect varied with the fertilizer applied to hemp. Non-fertilizing or drastically reducing the N rate applied to hemp decreased hemp yield, limited the yield of the following wheat and did not reduce residual soil NO3- after hemp harvest, at tillering or after the harvest of the following wheat. Thus, the residual soil NO3- left by hemp should not be responsible for the rotation effect, but seems to be related to the amount of leaf left in the soil through some of its components, apart from the increase in the stability of soil aggregates caused by hemp. However, this study did not allow a complete explanation of how hemp increased the yield of wheat. Unlike wheat, hemp proved to be well adapted to monoculture, since no significant differences with hemp rotation were found.It is concluded that hemp is a suitable crop for the rainfed Temperate Mediterranean areas as it was an excellent precedent to wheat, the production of fibre was quite stable and it gave higher grain yields than those obtained in the centre and north of Europe, moreover, hemp does not need biocides and helps to suppress weeds. It is even more appropriate nowadays when it is agreed that farming systems should become more sustainable, using appropriate crop rotations and applying less biocides. Nevertheless, there is still much research to be done, such as the cause of the increase in wheat yield after hemp and whether it is possible to obtain hemp cultivars better adapted to Mediterranean conditions.

The aim of this thesis is to sum up the information connected with marijuana and cannabis topic in relation to their effects, use and misuse. At the beginning of my research three hypotheses have been determined . They have been based on the electronic questionnaires which have been answered by respondents in lower secondary schools. The results of my thesis are shown in its applied part. According to the questionnaire the first hypothesis has been confirmed. 17,68 % of survey participants have tried marijuana at least once in their lives. The second hypothesis has not been taken to be true, because although there is a prevention in primary schools, it doesn't provide pupils ' awareness of this problem completely. The third hypothesis has been proved false as well, because more than 50 % of the respondents said that they have already learnt about cannabis in Science. Key words: marijuana, hemp drugs, cannabis, Cannabis sativa

The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the effects of addition of technical hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) on performance parameters of broiler chickens. A total of 105 broilers Ross 308 were divided into three groups. The groups were identified: Cannabis 5, Cannabis 15 and Control. Group Cannabis 5 was fed with 5 % hempseed cake in feed composition. Group of Cannabis 15 was fed with 15 % hempseed cake in feed composition. Group of Control was not fed with hempseed cake. As a response criterion was chosen weight gain, feed conversion, lean meat, carcass yield and blood liver enzymes concentration. In this thesis, we focus on assessing the impact of hempseed cakes on weight gain, feed conversion and the carcass yield. The increments in body weight were significant statistical differences (P < 0.05). Broilers fed with 15 % hempseed cake in feed composition grew slowly and had worse feed conversion. Carcass yield was not affected (P > 0.05) by content of hempseed cake in feed composition. Measured concentration of enzymes in groups was not affected by contents of hempseed cake.

The theoretical part of diploma thesis briefly focuses on botanical characteristics of cannabis, legislation of cannabis cultivation in Czech republic, agrotechnics and harvest of hemp. The cultivation technologies used in production and harvest of cannabis for pharmaceutical purposes are described in more details. In the practical part was established an experiment with cannabis plants. This experiment was carried in laboratory at department of plant biology at Mendel university in Brno. The experiment was carried out in two variants of light spectrum (white LED lights emitting complete visible spectrum and combination of blue and red LED in ratio 1:1), which were dividen into three groups with different trim method. In plants were observed parameters of quantum yield of electron transport of photosystem II, chlorophyll fluorescence, yield of dried flowers and selected secondary metabolites. In each of lighting and trim variants have been recorded various results. As results shown, white LED lights emitting a full visible spectrum appear to be more effective than the blue and red spectrum in ratio of 1:1. Effect of trimming in this experiment was not statistically conclusive.

This thesis is focused on analysis of genetic variability of Cannabis sativa L. and sequencing of the candidate genome sequences in selected varieties of Cannabis. In total there were 28 genotypes of hemp were analyzed with 23 microsatellite markers.107 alleles were found whose size ranged from 100 to 360 bp. Uniform marker was detected (CAN1660). The diversity index (DI), the polymorphic information content (PIC) and the probability of identity (PI) were calculated for every microsatellite marker. Similarity dendrogram was constructed on base of statistical evaluation. The specific primer for the patrial sequences of cannabidiolic acid synthase (CBDA) gene and the specific complete for the sequences of tethrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase (THCA) gene were used for the sequences study. Gained sequences were compared by BLAST. Most sequences had 100% match with sequences in the available databases. Single nucleotide polymorphisms were found in the sequences of CBDA synthase. One sequences that did not belong to the genus Cannabis was detected. All obtained sequences will be inserted into the NCBI database and access number will be assigned.

Renewed interest in hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) for cannabinoid production has highlighted critical knowledge gaps for growers. The impacts of weed interference on hemp yield are largely unstudied despite causing serious economic losses in most cropping systems. Furthermore, understanding factors determining cannabinoid content of hemp will be crucial for effective production. To evaluate the effects of weed competition on hemp yield and cannabinoid content, hemp growing in plasticulture was subjected to competition from 5, 3, 1, or 0 waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) Sauer) plants. Hemp biomass and cannabinoid content were not significantly affected by weed competition. Yields in weedy and weed-free treatments were generally comparable, although unexpectedly high variation limited the ability to detect subtle differences between treatments. Waterhemp biomass was significantly reduced by competition from hemp in comparison to hemp-free controls. Suppression of weed growth by hemp and lack of significant yield loss from weeds suggests that hemp can be highly competitive and grown successfully without herbicides in certain circumstances. Abundance and documented phytotoxicity of hemp secondary metabolites suggest a potential for allelopathic activity. While incorporated hemp residue was not more effective than a maize control at reducing plant growth, hemp residue and extracts effectively inhibit seed germination. A laboratory assay showed that crude extracts of hemp can reduce the germination of a Brassica napus L., a bioindicator. Furthermore, a greenhouse experiment showed that small amounts of hemp residue on the soil surface can effectively reduce and delay the germination of waterhemp. Together, these results show that hemp residue has the potential to be incorporated with a practice such as chaff-lining for enhanced control of germinating weed seeds.

The thesis studies linking rural youth in the production of Cannabis sativa in the region of dry border of Paraguay and Brazil. In the 1980s, criminal organizations started to explore the production of the drug, taking advantage of the advantages agro-climatic regional actions and the lack of effective control. The region has become a major producer of drugs and began to incorporate rural youth in illicit activities. The objective of the research is to understand the reasons why rural youth link up the activities of production, processing and transportation of cannabis, highlighting the conditions and risks of illicit work. The research follows a qualitative approach and the survey was conducted at the Department of Amambay in the municipalities of Pedro Juan Caballero and Capitán Bado. The main technique of data collection was semi-structured interviews, conducted for ten young rural sixteen key informants and two-parent families. The interviews were complemented with free observation, the literature search and survey documents. Linking young people in the production of cannabis is associated with lack of profitable alternative licit agricultural production and qualification of young people working for other occupations that offer opportunities to build personal autonomy and a promising future. The lack of public policies for rural youth is exploited by criminal organizations to incorporate youth in impoverished rural production, processing and transportation of drugs. It is concluded that alternatives to the problem of rural youth involvement in the production of cannabis pass through the institutionalization of the reform, juvenile credit policy, education and vocational training for young people and for the legalization of cannabis growing. / A tese estuda a vinculação de jovens rurais na produção da Cannabis sativa na região de fronteira seca do Paraguai com o Brasil. Na década de 80, organizações criminais passaram a explorar a produção dessa droga, aproveitando-se das vantagens agroclimatológicas regionais e da falta de ações eficazes de controle. A região tornou-se importante produtora da droga e passou a incorporar jovens rurais nas atividades ilícitas. O objetivo da pesquisa é compreender as razões que levam os jovens rurais a se vincularem nas atividades de produção, processamento e transporte da cannabis, destacando as condições e os riscos do trabalho ilícito. A pesquisa segue uma abordagem qualitativa, e o levantamento dos dados foi realizado no Departamento de Amambay, nos municípios de Pedro Juan Caballero e Capitán Bado. A principal técnica de coleta de dados foi a entrevista semiestruturada, dirigida para dez jovens rurais, 16 informantes-chave e dois pais de família. As entrevistas foram complementadas com a observação livre, a pesquisa bibliográfica e o levantamento documental. A vinculação dos jovens na produção de cannabis está associada à falta de alternativa rentável na produção agrícola lícita e de qualificação dos jovens para outras ocupações laborais, que ofereçam possibilidades de construir a autonomia pessoal e um futuro promissor. A carência de políticas públicas para a juventude rural é aproveitada pelas organizações criminais para incorporar jovens rurais empobrecidos na produção, processamento e transporte da droga. Conclui-se que as alternativas para o problema do envolvimento de jovens rurais na produção de cannabis passam pela institucionalização de programas de reforma agrária, de políticas de crédito juvenil, de educação e qualificação profissional dos jovens e pela legalização do cultivo da cannabis.

Submitted by PPG Odontologia (odontologia-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-06-27T16:07:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RAFAEL_DE_ARAUJO_NORONHA_DIS.pdf: 673617 bytes, checksum: 0e6162f0003c8204cabce0b4b4b0a140 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sheila Dias (sheila.dias@pucrs.br) on 2018-07-04T14:34:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 RAFAEL_DE_ARAUJO_NORONHA_DIS.pdf: 673617 bytes, checksum: 0e6162f0003c8204cabce0b4b4b0a140 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-04T14:52:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RAFAEL_DE_ARAUJO_NORONHA_DIS.pdf: 673617 bytes, checksum: 0e6162f0003c8204cabce0b4b4b0a140 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-28 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Maxillofacial fractures of traumatic origin have a high incidence in the world population. These can be treated in different ways, ranging from conservative methods to widely invasive procedures. Among the multiple possibilities of treatment of this type of disease is the use of herbal medicines, where cannabidiol (CBD) is inserted. This is the main non-psychomimetic component of Cannabis sativa (Can-ns) and plays potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and analgesic effects in a variety of pathological conditions. The present dissertation is structured in the form of 2 scientific papers. The first one consists of a literature review, whose objective was to evaluate the mechanisms of action of CBD that may be involved in bone repair. The results of this study suggest that CBD is unable substance of interfering in the healing process of bone defects from its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential. The second is an experiment in an animal model, using 64 Wistar rats, divided into two groups (test with CBD and control). At the periods of two, four, six and eight weeks, they were evaluated clinically and histologically in the cicatricial process of mechanically induced bone defects in the skull cap of rats. It was found that the CBD exerted a beneficial effect in the fourth week after treatment where an increase in the mean of neoformed bone within the defect was observed, however, no statistically significant difference was observed in the healing process of the bone defects at the times analyzed. These results suggest the need to deepen the theme, aiming at a better understanding of the possible effects of CBD on bone metabolism and repair. / As fraturas ?sseas bucofaciais de origem traum?tica possuem uma elevada incid?ncia na popula??o mundial. Estas podem ser tratadas de distintas formas, que variam desde m?todos conservadores at? procedimentos amplamente invasivos. Dentre as m?ltiplas possibilidades de tratamento deste tipo de enfermidade, est? a utiliza??o de fitoter?picos, onde insere-se o canabidiol (CBD). Esse ? o principal componente n?o-psicomim?tico da Cannabis sativa (Can-ns) e desempenha potentes efeitos anti-inflamat?rios, antioxidantes e analg?sicos em diversas condi??es patol?gicas. A presente disserta??o est? estruturada na forma de 2 artigos cient?ficos. No primeiro foi realizada uma revis?o de literatura, cujo objetivo foi avaliar os mecanismos de a??o do CBD que possam estar envolvidos no reparo ?sseo. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que o CBD ? uma subst?ncia capaz de interferir no processo cicatricial de defeitos ?sseos a partir do seu potencial antiinflamat?rio. O segundo trata de um experimento desenvolvido em modelo animal, utilizando 64 ratos Wistar, divididos randomicamente em 2 grupos (teste com CBD e controle). Avaliou-se cl?nica e histologicamente o efeito da administra??o intraperitoneal do CBD, na dose de 10 mg/kg/dia, por duas, 4, 6 e 8 semanas, no processo cicatricial de defeitos ?sseos mecanicamente induzidos em calota craniana de ratos. Constatou-se que o CDB exerceu um efeito ben?fico na quarta semana p?s tratamento onde observou-se um aumento na m?dia de osso neoformado no interior do defeito. Contudo n?o foi observada diferen?a estatisticamente significativa no processo cicatricial dos defeitos ?sseos nos tempos analisados. Estes resultados sugerem a necessidade de aprofundar o tema, visando uma melhor compreens?o sobre poss?veis efeitos do uso do CBD no metabolismo e reparo ?sseo.

Hemp (Cannabis sativa) is a crop that people have grown for a lot of years ago. It is amazing by its almost versatile use, whether in medicine, food, industry and power engineering. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the content of cannabidiol in different parts of hemp and the possibility of using these parts as a source of the compound. Morphologically distinct varieties - Bialobrzeskie and Finola were selected for the experiment. The Cannabidiol content was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Hemp roots, stems, male and female inflorescences and leaves were sampled for the determination of cannabidiol level. The highest content of cannabidiol was found in hemp flowers and leaves of Cannabis sativa. Therefore, theoretically, these parts of hemp grown for fiber could be used as a potential source of cannabidiol.

<p>U okviru ovog rada izvr&scaron;eno je ispitivanje različitih procesa ekstrakcije herbe industrijske konoplje. Za ekstrakciju određenih bioaktivnih jedinjenja primenjene su klasične tehnike ekstrakcije, maceracija i Soxhlet ekstrakcija, dok su od savremenih metoda primenjene ultrazvučna ekstrakcija, mikrotalasna ekstrakcija, ekstrakcija vodom u subkritičnom stanju i ekstrakcija ugljendioksidom u superkritičnom stanju. Praćenjem uticaja ulaznih promenjivih (procesnih parametara) na odabrane izlazne promenjive (sadržaj bioaktivnih jedinjenja ili antioksidativnu aktivnost) za svaku tehniku ekstrakcije pojedinačno utvrđeni su optimalni uslovi ekstrakcije. Nakon izvr&scaron;enog poređenja odabrana je najadekvatnija tehnika ekstrakcije za pripremu tečnog ekstrakta koji će biti transformisan u suvi ekstrakt primenom metode su&scaron;enja raspr&scaron;ivanjem. Prilikom dobijanja suvog ekstrakta ispitan je uticaj različite koncentracije nosača na kvalitet ekstrakata i efikasnost su&scaron;enja. Dobijeni ekstrakti su okarakterisani u pogledu fizičkih i hemijskih osobina. Sadržaj kanabinoida u tečnim ekstraktima suve herbe industrijske konoplje ispitanih u ovoj doktorskoj disertaciji je bio u opsegu od 0,4314 mg/mL CBD-a i 0,0364 mg/mL THC-a (u optimalnom ekstraktu dobijenom maceracijom) do 1,0420 mg/mL CBD-a i 0,0430 mg/mL THC-a (u optimalnom ekstraktu dobijenom mikrotalasnom ekstrakcijom). U ekstraktima koji su nepolarnog karaktera i koji su dobijeni primenom Soxhlet ekstrakcije sadržaj CBD-a i THC-a je bio 64,40 i 2,90 mg/g, dok je primenom superkritične ekstrakcije dobijen sadržaj CBD-a i THC-a u opsegu od 76,1193 do 163,1111 mg/g i od 4,1746 do 6,5803 mg/g. Tečni ekstrakti dobijeni primenom vode i etanola kao ekstragensa bili su bogati flavonoidima i fenolima, a utvrđeno je i da imaju značajnu antioksidativnu aktivnost, dok su ekstrakti dobijeni Soxhlet ekstrakcijom i ekstrakcijom ugljendioksidom u superkritičnom stanju bili bogati lipofilnim jedinjenjima i terpenima. Ovako dobijeni ekstrakti predstavljaju visokovredne proizvode koji imaju veliki potencijal za upotrebu u farmaceutskoj industriji.</p> / <p>Various extraction processes of the aerial parts of industrial hemp were examined. From classic extractions, maceration and Soxhlet extraction were applied, while from novel methods, ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, subcritical water extraction and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction were applied. By monitoring the influence of the input variables on the selected output variables for each extraction, the optimal extraction conditions were determined separately. After a comparison of all the extraction processes tested, microwave-assisted extraction was selected to prepare the liquid extract for spray drying. The effect of different carrier concentrations was examined during the preparation of the dry extract. The extracts obtained were characterized in terms of physical and chemical properties. The content of cannabinoids in liquid extracts of dry Cannabis sativa herba examined ranged from 0.4314 mg/mL for CBD and 0.0364 mg/mL for THC in the optimum extract obtained by maceration to 1.0420 mg/mL for CBD and 0.0430 mg/mL for THC in the optimum extract obtained by microwave-assisted extraction. The CBD and THC content in extract obtained by Soxhlet extraction was 64.4000 mg/mL and 2.9000 mg/mL, respectively, while the highest content of CBD and THC in the supercritical carbon dioxide extract was 163.11 and 6.5803 mg/g. In addition to cannabinoids, the liquid extracts obtained were rich in phenols and flavonoids, and have considerable antioxidant activity, while the extracts obtained by Soxhlet extraction and supercritical carbon dioxide were rich in lipophilic compounds and terpenes. The extracts mentioned above are high value products which have great potential for implementation in the pharmaceutical industry.</p>