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Both cultural and social capital have been used in the existing literature to understand the differences in student persistence. Bourdieu's theories (1986, 1993, 1973), through their various applications, have provided evidence that the influence of social and cultural capital on student achievement varies based on the context of the study (Sternberg et al. 2011; Farruggia et al. 2018; Grodsky 2007). This research will build on the existing research and expand the focus of the research to a broader application of both cultural and social capital together. Through this method, this dissertation examines differences in college readiness students possess when they enter Urban Center University. This research also examines differences in the type and level of social capital students report activating in their first semester of college, primarily measured through students' sense of belonging. Finally, it will examine differences in support for students' cultural communities as measured by academic/social support for their cultural community and strain with family and friends from home. A binary logistic regression operationalizes all three components of cultural and social capital to investigate the likelihood of the following: persistence to year two and year three, on-time graduation, and attainment of satisfactory academic performance (SAP) toward degree completion. Finally, high degrees of belonging for Latino/a students, men, and first-generation students are compared to overall persistence rates for these populations to examine how belonging impacts persistence for students who identify as members of these groups. / Doctor of Philosophy / Many students choose to attend a college or university and never graduate. This dissertation examines the ways that their high school experience, family and friends, and relationships forged at Urban Center impact their persistence and likelihood of graduating in four years. The research will combine several forms of relationships and academic measures in one model to understand the ways they interact to impact persistence. The research will help colleges and universities understand the way that both pre-college behaviors and academic effort, relationships forged in college, and maintaining home relationships impact the likelihood of persistence. The context for Urban Center was selected because it offers insight into a campus with a very diverse student body based on race, gender, sexual orientation, Pell Grant utilization, and status as the first in their immediate family to attend college.

Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Research report presented to SBL, Unisa, Midrand. / Lean manufacturing is a very good and effective concept of managing a company. The philosophy of reducing wastes found in a manufacturing business is a sound idea. When these wastes are minimized, the quality of the products or services is improved, the production time and the cost of manufacturing the goods is reduced. With this in mind, many companies go through lean manufacturing training to get the most out of their systems. But this is only achieved if there is a proper implementation lean manufacturing plan. However, despite the training and plans, some companies have trouble in implementing lean manufacturing systems. There are different reasons in the failure of implementing lean manufacturing principles in projects. One of them is the difficulty in grasping the true nature of lean manufacturing from a human capital perspective.

It is generally accepted that a more educated workforce can provide more economic growth. However, the extent to which personal benefits outweigh the social benefits of higher education has become not only an economic issue, but also a political issue. Voicing screening sympathies, Chancellor Kenneth Clarke asked 'why should bus drivers pay for the education of lawyers?' when cutting student grants in 1993 [The Economist 22/4/95]. The screening theories of the 1970's posited that, in some circumstances, if higher education was only signalling and not improving a person's ability, then society may be better off without higher education. A less extreme view is that some component of education acts solely as a signal and is socially worthless. There has been relatively little attention paid to testing the role of education in the labour market of the United Kingdom and Italy. One reason may be the shortage of suitable data sets available for such tests. This Thesis utilises UK and Italian data sets and aims to redress some of the imbalance in empirical work which tends to centre on data from United States. It is important to test the educational screening hypothesis in the context both of revisions in UK government policy towards the funding of higher education and the aim of convergence of labour market conditions within the European Union. The key objective of this Thesis is to investigate the role of education in the determination of wage rates for full-time work in the UK and Italy. The empirical analysis generally supports the hypothesis that education has both a screening and a productivity augmenting role.

Foreign direct investment (FDI) is widely considered to be an essential source of capital for developing countries. A broad consensus is developing amongst academics, multilateral development organisations and bilateral aid donors that a states' legal system is an important factor affecting the location of FDI; that predictable and efficient legal systems are the most effective in attracting FDI; and that efficiency and predictability are best achieved by adopting a Western- style legal system (Ideal Paradigm). A case study is presented of foreign investment in Sri Lanka, which is reforming its legal system to attract FDI. Interviews with the wider community, and a survey of foreign investors are used to test (1) whether the legal system is a factor in investment decisions in Sri Lanka, and (2) whether investors react negatively to a legal system which is not of the Ideal Paradigm. The research findings indicate that, in the case of Sri Lanka, the legal system is probably not a factor in the investment decisions of many investors in the sample, and many investors generally; that most investors do not react negatively to legal systems which are not- of the Ideal Paradigm;-and that the role-of the legal-system as -a-determinant of FDI may be affected by investors' characteristics, such as their size or nationality. It is concluded that current legal reform recommendations may be flawed, in that they reflect misconceptions about foreign investors' expectations of host state legal systems. These misunderstandings may result from a lack of research, and an excessive emphasis upon an international liberal economic agenda. A better understanding of the expectations of different types of investors is required if the costs of legal reform are to be rewarded with adequate benefits.

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This research aims to analyse the direct and indirect effects of human capital, social capital and customer capital on the different types of innovations via organisational capital in the service sector. It also examines the interaction among the different types of innovations including product, process and organisational innovations and tests the role of human capital, social capital and customer capital in supporting organisational capital. This research employs the first stage of Actor Network Theory named problematisation to justify the research model. This study adopts a positivism philosophy, a deduction approach and a quantitative method as the research methodology. Hence, a questionnaire was used to gather data from 198 managers in the Egyptian banks (54% response rate). Structural Equation Modelling by Partial Least Square (warp PLS 3.0) was applied to test the research hypotheses. The research findings indicate that product, process and organisational innovation are positively associated with organisational capital. It is found that social capital and human capital have direct and indirect positive effects on both product and organisational innovation via organisational capital. It appears that social capital and human capital do not have a direct influence on process innovation whereas organisational capital fully mediates the relationship between social capital, human capital and process innovation. The study explores the direct and indirect positive effects of customer capital on three types of innovation through organisational capital. Additionally, organisational innovation has a positive relation with process and product innovation, which is significantly associated with process innovation. The most significant influence of intellectual capital is on product innovation, followed by organisational innovation, whereas the least significant influence is on process innovation. Moreover, the results also show that there are no significant differences between the public and private banks in terms of the path coefficients. The effect size of organisational capital on product and process innovation in the private banks is substantially larger than it is in the public banks. In the same way, the private banks have relatively larger effect sizes for human capital on product and process innovation via organisational capital than those in the public banks. Unexpectedly, in the public banks, the positive effect size of customer capital on product and process innovation via organisational capital is larger than it is in the private banks. This study has contributed to intellectual capital, innovation and service sector literature. It explores many benefits for the managers of the banks. It suggests that they should view intellectual capital as a catalyst for the different types of innovations. For example, banks should maintain and promote social connections amongst their employees to support innovation and to foster the cohesion of informal organisation.

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Purpose – The purpose of this thesis is to investigate how mandatory obligation to follow the International <IR> Framework while producing the corporate reports influence the intellectual capital disclosures in the reports. Research design – The study uses a disclosure scoreboard to score a selected sample of annual reports depending on whether it disclose intellectual capital information or not. The sample consists of companies listed in South Africa were it is mandatory to follow the integrated reporting framework and companies listen in Sweden where it is not mandatory to produce an integrated report. Empirical results and conclusion – The results of this thesis indicates that the mandatory use of the International <IR> Framework have an impact on the amount of intellectual capital disclosures. Further it concludes that higher level of compliance with the framework further increases the intellectual capital disclosure. Contribution – This study has been an early step towards concluding whether the use of integrated reporting has any effect on the amount of intellectual capital information disclosed in companies’ annual report.