Loin de n’être réduit qu’à un simple système économique, le néolibéralisme est un authentique mode de gouvernement des hommes, et cela selon le seul principe du marché et de son mécanisme universel de la concurrence. Sa doctrine commande l’exercice global du pouvoir politique actuel. Notre début de XXIe siècle est aux prises avec les incidences à long terme de la mise à l’honneur des discours scientifique et capitaliste. À l’heure actuelle, nul n’est censé ignorer la loi du Marché. En diffusant et en imposant la rationalité marchande et entrepreneuriale dans les moindres domaines de l’existence humaine – santé, éducation, justice, monde universitaire, etc. –, le déploiement de l’économie de marché ne se limite plus à des sphères purement commerciales. D’une manière générale, la plus-value guide désormais toutes les économies humaines. La forme « entreprise » et la privatisation deviennent les nouveaux modèles sur lesquels se façonnent les normes de vie et d’existence, de société, mais aussi la norme subjective. L’asservissement politique aux forces du marché marque ainsi l’ensemble du champ social, du pouvoir étatique, aux institutions publiques, et jusqu’à l’individu même. Ce travail de recherche vise à démontrer que la diffusion extensive du discours néolibéral a des incidences sur le lien social et sur la subjectivité. En effet, le sujet divisé du langage s’inscrit toujours dans les discours qui l’environnent, avec un rapport renouvelé à son idéal, à sa jouissance, et à l’Autre. Nous montrerons, par l’examen critique et clinique de ces phénomènes structurants, comment ce sujet voit l’économie de ses valeurs et de son désir conditionnée par la nouvelle norme générale de la vie occidentale qui promet l’objet de jouissance parfait, dans un monde nouveau, plus libre, néo-libéral / Far from being merely a simple economic system, neoliberalism is a genuine mode of government of man, based on the sole and only principle of market guidance with its universal mechanism of competition. Its doctrine commands upon the global exercise of contemporary political power.Our societies are struggling with the long-term impact of the rise to power of the scientific and capitalist discourses. Nowadays, ignoring the laws of the Market is no excuse. Having spread and forced merchant and entrepreneurial rationality into the most remote fields of human existence – health, education, justice, university and others – the deployment of market economy is not limited to purely commercial areas anymore. Quite generally, all of mankind’s economies are now driven by the logic of gain. The enterprise as a form, along with privatisation, have become the new models upon which new norms of living and of existence, all the way down to the subjective norm, are being modeled. Political subservience to the forces of market thus leaves a mark on the whole social field : on State power, on public institutions, and on the individual themselves.The main aim of this research is to demonstrate that the extensive dissemination of the neoliberal discourse is having an impact on social ties and on subjectivity. Indeed, the divided subject of language is still inscribed in their surrounding discourses, with a renewed relation to their ideal, to their enjoyment, and to the Other. Through critical and clinical examination of these structuring processes, we will show how the economy of their values and of their desire is conditioned by the new, general norm of Western life, which promises a perfect object of enjoyment in a new, freer, neoliberal world

Après un crime de masse ou un génocide, le travail de mémoire peut commencer dès la chute du régime, ou après un certain temps de latence. Il s’articule avec ce qu’on appelle devoir de mémoire. Au Cambodge, tout le monde s’accorde pour dire que quarante ans après la chute du régime des Khmers rouges, il n’est pas question de devoir de mémoire, tant une omerta semble peser sur ces évènements. Les procès ont permis qu’une parole se libère, que ce silence se lève un peu. Dans un premier temps, nous questionnerons les processus mémoriels pris en charge par le politique et leurs effets d’appropriation de l’histoire par les sujets, puis les processus de symbolisation, d’inscription et de traitement du réel par le symbolique. Nous dégagerons une tension entre division (du sujet) et castration que l’on retrouvera tout au long de ce travail. La question du réel est au premier plan, un réel qui a pris la forme de la jouissance d’un Autre féroce qui a détruit méthodiquement tout ce qui participait des repères symboliques : destruction de la famille, des liens, des institutions sociales, et destruction du langage. C’est au travers des témoignages des victimes, mais aussi des acteurs de ce drame que nous aborderons des notions essentielles pour saisir les rouages de ce génocide telles que la croyance, l’idéologie, et l’idéal de pureté. Nous tirerons un second fil de la tresse que nous garderons tout le long de la thèse, celui du démenti. L’atteinte du langage, autant de la lalangue que de la chaine signifiante, aura des effets de déstructuration qui se vérifie encore de nos jours. En nous appuyant sur la théorisation par Lacan des structures discursives qui organisent le lien social, nous vérifierons notre hypothèse, à savoir que le Discours Capitaliste prospère sur le réel des Khmers rouges, que le réel fait le lit de ce discours. La corruption endémique actuelle nous servira de terrain d’analyse, et nous pourrons vérifier et confirmer notre hypothèse, à condition d’un petit effet de retournement. Nous terminerons ce travail par l’évocation d’un espoir pour le Cambodge, la pratique de l’art, moyen de subjectivation du réel et obstacle du Discours Capitaliste. / After a mass crime or genocide, the work of memory may start from the regime’s fall, or after a certain latency. It articulates with what is called the duty of memory. In Cambodia, everyone agrees that forty years after the fall of the Khmer Rouge regime, there is no question of duty of memory, as an omerta seems to weigh on the events. The trial allowed a word to be released, and silence rises slightly. First, we will question the memory processes supported by the political and effects of appropriation of history by the subjects, and then the process of symbolization, inscription and treatment of the real by the symbolic. We will extract a tension between division (of the subject) and castration which we will find throughout this work. The question of the real is at the forefront, a real that has taken the form of jouissance of a fierce Other that destroyed methodically everything participated of symbolic landmarks : the destruction of the family, relationships, social institutions, and destruction of the language. It is through the testimony of victims but also actors in this drama we will discuss essential concepts to understand the processes of that genocide such as belief, ideology, and the ideal of purity. We will make a second wire of the braid we will keep all along the thesis, that of denial.Harm of the language, as many lalangue that the chain of signifiers, will have effects of destructuring that is still true nowadays. From Lacan’s theorization of discursive structures that organize the social link, we will verify our hypothesis, namely that the Capitalist Discourse thrives on the real of Khmer Rouge, that the real is preparing the way of this discourse. The current endemic corruption will be our ground of analysis, and we will check and confirm our hypothesis, with a small turning effect. We will complete this work with a hope for Cambodia, the practice of art, a way for a subjectivation of the real, and an obstacle for capitalist discourse.

21st-century Neo-anticolonial Literature and the Struggle for a New Global Order explores the twenty-first-century fiction of five writers and investigates the ways in which their works engage the legacy and evolution of empire, and, in particular, the expansion of global capitalism to the detriment of already-subjugated communities. Taking up a recent call by Postcolonial scholars seeking to address the contemporary challenges of the postcolonial condition, this project traces out three distinct forms of engagement that function as a resistance in the texts. The dissertation introduces these concepts via a mode of analysis I have called Neo-anticolonialism, a counter-hegemonic approach which, I argue, is unique to the twenty-first century but rooted in the anticolonial work of Aimé Césaire and Frantz Fanon. Building on a foundation laid by those activist scholars, this project argues that Neo-anticolonialism necessitates the bridging of discourse and activism; thus, the dissertation delineates the utility of Neo-anticolonialism in both literary scholarship and practical application. Through a close analysis of the fiction of the Nigerian writer Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Jamaican Michelle Cliff, Amitav Ghosh, a South Asian writer, African American writer Edward P. Jones, and Black British writer Caryl Phillips, the project offers a Neo-anticolonial reading of several twenty-first-century texts. In doing so, I explain the depiction of these instances of resistance as Neo-anticolonial Refractions, literary devices which function as prisms that cast images thus exposing the perpetuation of inequality in the twenty-first century and its direct link to the past epoch. Moreover, each chapter, through an explication of the refractions, reveals how resistance occurs in the face of the brutal reality of oppression and how this cadre of writers engages with the history of empire as well as with its contemporary permutations.

The hardest time to receive financing for a venture is at its earliest stage. These ventures are among the riskiest investments for an investor, which creates a gap in financing that is often bridged through a source of funding called Angel Financing. Angel investors are one of the best providers of early stage funding. This thesis will explain what angel investing is, how they work, and what angels look for. This information will help entrepreneurs be better equipped to find an angel investor for their venture.

Dedication. Acknowledgements. Preface. Chapter 1: Introduction. Chapter 2: Green Business and Carbon Offsetting. Chapter 3A: Case Study. Chapter 3B: Interview. Chapter 4: Case Study. Chapter 5: Conclusion. Bibliography.

21st-century Neo-anticolonial Literature and the Struggle for a New Global Order explores the twenty-first-century fiction of five writers and investigates the ways in which their works engage the legacy and evolution of empire, and, in particular, the expansion of global capitalism to the detriment of already-subjugated communities. Taking up a recent call by Postcolonial scholars seeking to address the contemporary challenges of the postcolonial condition, this project traces out three distinct forms of engagement that function as a resistance in the texts. The dissertation introduces these concepts via a mode of analysis I have called Neo-anticolonialism, a counter-hegemonic approach which, I argue, is unique to the twenty-first century but rooted in the anticolonial work of Aimé Césaire and Frantz Fanon. Building on a foundation laid by those activist scholars, this project argues that Neo-anticolonialism necessitates the bridging of discourse and activism; thus, the dissertation delineates the utility of Neo-anticolonialism in both literary scholarship and practical application. Through a close analysis of the fiction of the Nigerian writer Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Jamaican Michelle Cliff, Amitav Ghosh, a South Asian writer, African American writer Edward P. Jones, and Black British writer Caryl Phillips, the project offers a Neo-anticolonial reading of several twenty-first-century texts. In doing so, I explain the depiction of these instances of resistance as Neo-anticolonial Refractions, literary devices which function as prisms that cast images thus exposing the perpetuation of inequality in the twenty-first century and its direct link to the past epoch. Moreover, each chapter, through an explication of the refractions, reveals how resistance occurs in the face of the brutal reality of oppression and how this cadre of writers engages with the history of empire as well as with its contemporary permutations.

During the last decades we have seen a growing number of new start-ups in the service/knowledge sector. These types of companies often have no fiscal assets to secure loans with. What types of financing alternatives are there in those situations? I will in this thesis show that there are two directions to choose between to get financial support. By gathering of information I have been able to show that there are more than one alternative to consider when needing funding and that using different alternatives will lead to different results. I will not say which one is the right one, but that there are different ways and there will be different outcomes depending on which one you choose. The study also shows that there are a lot of things you need to take into consideration before using a venture capitalist. An empirical study is made between two companies that decided to use different ways to get the financial support they required. The result shown in this study is that the entrepreneurs own financial situation affect what direction the entrepreneur will take.

The development of venture capital industry is not only about the effective operation of venture capital firm, but also its supporting environments. The venture capital firms in different countries have different operation modes, for instance, the organizational structure, the source of finance and the investment behavior. The reason of the differences is that the venture capital supporting environments such as economy, culture, laws and regulations are different in various countries.   The objective of this research is to study the venture capital supporting environments in China and analyze the role of government on how to improve these supporting environments. After research questions are decided, the author analyzes and combines the selected previous researches in different countries in order to build a more systematic, scientific and complete theoretical framework to conduct the case study in China.   In the case study, all seven venture capital supporting environments in China are studied. By analyzing the facts, the author finds out that some environments such as laws and policies and financial environment have developed rapidly in past years and become more and more adapt to the development of venture capital. However, some other environments, especially the culture environment have negative effects on venture capital and can not be easily changed within a short period of time. Based on these findings, the author tries to find out some possible actions that the government can do to reduce these limitations and improve the venture capital supporting environments.     Key words: venture capital; supporting environment; venture business; venture capitalist

¡@In view of the political economy of education, the purpose of this thesis is to study the educational thought of Martin Carnoy, who is a political economist and an educationist in the U.S. We are concerned with the relationship between education and capitalist state.¡@Central to this thesis is the state theory and discuss the functions and roles of education in different context, including colonial period, developing countries and advanced capitalist state. ¡@Since the spread of imperialism in colonial period, the colonial schooling is dominated by the colonizer and rationalizes the colonialism. The colonial schooling is therefore a liberating force to help the colonized against the colonizer. According to Lenin¡¦s imperialism, Carnoy explains the relation between colonial education and colonizer in the colonial period. ¡@In developing countries, both the conditioned capitalist state and transition state, the state bureaucracy makes national economic growth its first priority and so does the educational goal. People desire their children to learn more knowledge, however, to increase mass education rapidly. Based on educational dependency theory, Carnoy accounts for the roles of education in the Third World state. ¡@In advanced capitalist state, the state is a product and shaper of class struggle. Thus, the source of education change is pressed by economic reproductive and democratic dynamics. According to the last thought of Poulantzas, Carnoy constructs the ¡§social-conflict theory¡¨ to predict that economic development and social movements influence the education policies. ¡@It should be concluded, from Carnoy¡¦s educational thought, that the core of Carnoy¡¦s education work is the state theory. He criticizes the problems of capitalist education and approves the positive functions of schooling.

21st-century Neo-anticolonial Literature and the Struggle for a New Global Order explores the twenty-first-century fiction of five writers and investigates the ways in which their works engage the legacy and evolution of empire, and, in particular, the expansion of global capitalism to the detriment of already-subjugated communities. Taking up a recent call by Postcolonial scholars seeking to address the contemporary challenges of the postcolonial condition, this project traces out three distinct forms of engagement that function as a resistance in the texts. The dissertation introduces these concepts via a mode of analysis I have called Neo-anticolonialism, a counter-hegemonic approach which, I argue, is unique to the twenty-first century but rooted in the anticolonial work of Aimé Césaire and Frantz Fanon. Building on a foundation laid by those activist scholars, this project argues that Neo-anticolonialism necessitates the bridging of discourse and activism; thus, the dissertation delineates the utility of Neo-anticolonialism in both literary scholarship and practical application. Through a close analysis of the fiction of the Nigerian writer Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Jamaican Michelle Cliff, Amitav Ghosh, a South Asian writer, African American writer Edward P. Jones, and Black British writer Caryl Phillips, the project offers a Neo-anticolonial reading of several twenty-first-century texts. In doing so, I explain the depiction of these instances of resistance as Neo-anticolonial Refractions, literary devices which function as prisms that cast images thus exposing the perpetuation of inequality in the twenty-first century and its direct link to the past epoch. Moreover, each chapter, through an explication of the refractions, reveals how resistance occurs in the face of the brutal reality of oppression and how this cadre of writers engages with the history of empire as well as with its contemporary permutations.