Magistro baigiamojo darbo tikslas – sudaryti automobilių stovėjimo aikštelių ir atskirų automobilių stovėjimo vietų informacinę sistemą Vilniaus mieste. Taip pat sudaryti geoinformacinę sistemą, kurią naudojant galima parodyti automobilių aikštelių ir informacinių stendų išsidėstymą tarp atskirų rajono dalių, bei jų tipų ir automobilių aikštelių užimtumą. Magistro darbe analizuojama ir įdiegiama keturių lygmenų informacinė sistema t.y. Vilniaus miesto priemiesčiuose ties įvažiavimais, centrinėje miesto dalyje, gyvenamuosiuose rajonuose ir atskirose automobilių stovėjimo aikštelėse. Panaudojant GIS, sukurta automobilių aikštelių informacinės sistemos duomenų bazė, kuri leidžia lengviau susisteminti duomenis. / The goal of this paper is to create an informational system generalizing information on distribution of car parking in Vilnius. As well as this, to create a geoinformational system which could be used to visually demonstrate distribution of car parking information system between separate parts of Vilnius area and analysis of distribution of their types and car parking busy. In the paper the full analysis and instal car parking four level informational system of the town near entry, of the town centre, living district. Using GIS was created car parking information basis.

The mobile parking system is designed in this project. This system have to make the mobile parking payment easier, to save drivers dear time and money, to reduce traffics and pollution in the centre of the city. Implementing our mobile parking system we will avoid all these problems. Our clients will be all users who has cars and terminal ware (personal computer with connection to the internet, mobile phone which has WAP or GPRS function, laptop). Payment will be very simple, if the place is reserved for you, from that moment the money is begin to count from your account. If it is possible, you will received full information how to drive to your reserved place.

Despite September 11th 2001, many international airports are operating close to capacity, a problem that is likely to become more acute given the projected long-term growth in air traffic. This growth is likely to have major implications on runway, terminal and surface access capacity, infrastructure which is already experiencing constraints. The area of surface access is as much, if not more an issue in terms of employees accessing the airport as it is for passengers. Typically, one third of access traffic can be attributed to employees. Employees represent a particular problem for airports in terms of surface access due to the frequent, peak hour nature of trips made and their higher usage rates of the car compared to passengers. A range of initiatives exist to encourage the use of modes other than the private car by employees but overall these measures tend to be ‘soft' in nature and one generally has to look to the non-airport sector to see examples of more innovative ‘harder' initiatives such as financial incentive and disincentive car parking measures direct to employees. This thesis utilises a series of carefully selected interviews and focus groups at Heathrow Airport and three best practice non-airport organisations, underpinned by a process grounded in the concept and methodology of best practice benchmarking, to suggest areas where BAA, and potentially airport authorities around the world, could learn from other organisations in the area of employee surface access and specifically car parking . It is concluded that there are four key areas airports should focus on to explore the issues surrounding the implementation of a car parking charge or car parking cash out direct to employees, namely: the use of a package approach; a requirement for top management support; gaining acceptance from employees, and; the issues surrounding the process of implementation. The thesis contributes to knowledge in a number of areas, predominantly the use of benchmarking in the area of car parking and the airport sector, an industry which has thus far not adopted the technique to any great extent.

Flooding is impossible to prevent completely, consequences of excess water can however, be reduced and often avoided via flood risk management. With the increase in impermeable surfaces, approaches that have the intention of imitating natural drainage to manage storm-water are known as Sustainable (Urban) Drainage Systems (SUDS). Pollutants from vehicles have been identified as a concern in the urban environment, with origins including exhaust emissions, engine oil leakage and erosion of vehicle components. Investigation of vegetated parking surfaces (VPS) to limit the impact of pollutants are scarce, therefore this study aims to determine pollution tolerance of grass species for use in VPSs, prior to investigating the effects that vehicles have on a vegetated surfaces and alternative methods in which to analyse them. A pot trial investigated effects of increasing oil concentrations on the growth of four grass species. F. rubra L. was found to tolerate contamination to a higher degree than the other species and L. perenne L. produced more cumulative biomass throughout the investigation. A parallel study determined that Ca, Cu, K, Mg, Mo, P and Zn accumulated in grass shoots, indicating that F. rubra L. and L. perenne L. may be suitable for further analysis. field trial focused on a regularly-used L. perenne L.-covered VPS at a local school, analysing the influence of vehicles on vegetated parking bays. Compaction and mean element concentrations increased across the VPS, with distance from the roadside. Use of mineral magnetism as a proxy for geochemical detection did not prove successful as no significant correlation was identified between magnetic susceptibility (χ) and element concentration. Use of GIS provided this study with an alternative method for data presentation. Usually covering large scale analyses, an interactive geovisual map of geochemical dispersal and compaction across the VPS provided a novel method of visualising results from an investigation of this scale.

Widespread car usage of around 800 million of cars travelling 30 billion of kilometres on a daily basis has led to many benefits but also to significant environmental and societal impacts such as congestion, air and noise pollution and urban sprawl. This thesis aims to investigate the stakeholder values of car parking in order to support and inform the decision makers who are tasked with how best to resolve challenging car parking dilemmas. A two phase progressive methodology is involved. Phase one begins with conducting a series of in-depth semi-structured interviews with eight academics to identify whom the stakeholders are that are affected by car parking. Then a second series of 20 interviews are conducted with sector leaders of stakeholder groups to establish how the stakeholders are affected by car parking and importantly, how they value car parking. Finally a third series of nine interviews are conducted with nine different experts to help to bridge the gap between phase one and phase two. Phase one found that a broader reach of stakeholders (classified into four different groups) are affected by car parking than the literature might imply, and that they value car parking in eight different key ways. It also found that the values emerged from a context of governmental, social and consumer concerns. Phase two of the methodology was quantitative and used the findings from phase one to develop four additional attributes considered meaningful across all four stakeholder groups, namely: safety, politics, public spaces and weekly household council tax. Choice based conjoint analysis was used to incorporate the attributes into three hypothetical scenarios namely; driver, strategy and social, as these were considered to be reflective of the value context unearthed previously in phase one. The scenarios were disseminated across England as part of a wider survey and achieved a sample size of 1107 responses. The results of which were then interpreted through willingness to pay (WTP) values. Key findings included: how a persistent political undertone can impact on car parking policy setting; that the car parking industry is under pressure to provide a service chiefly motivated by a perceived consumer intolerance of market prices; and that stakeholders can not only appreciate but also experience the impact of car parking choices on other stakeholder groups. Conclusions drawn included that the different stakeholder groups took issue with national government leadership believing it to currently be deficient in setting the standards for British car parking. Moreover, decision makers wrongly perceive that consumers of car parking do not pass between the groups and are therefore hostile to policies which do not directly benefit them. The key implication being that decision makers are cautious to implement policies which are not necessarily advantageous to consumers but which may lead to gains for the remaining stakeholder groups. In short, this thesis recommends amongst others that the governmental stakeholder group should seek to provide direction and guidelines for tariff setting which is reflective of the provision of a service that is conscious of the range of parking industry stakeholder values. Furthermore, as safety is an industry held value, practitioners should seek to better understand how it impacts their market. They should explore the relevance of schemes such as Park Mark to operators and their customers, by fundamentally investigating to what extent safety exists as a valid concern inside car parks and how it applies to personal safety, vehicle safety or general perceptions of safety. In addition, where the governmental stakeholder group remain mindful of the significance of securing political backing, the car parking industry would benefit from appreciating the sensitivities of political challenges faced by the governmental group when lobbying for any changes in parking policy programmes. Indeed, the parking industry should collaborate between the two parties and seek to unite in finding agreeable solutions which benefit constituents either directly or indirectly. As car parking values might differ according to their geopolitical context and lead to the extraction of a different set of attributes, further work would include looking beyond England to first the UK and then to abroad to explore the effects of potential cultural differences and learn the relevant lessons.

Disertacijoje atliekama automobilių stovėjimo vietų poreikio mieste analizė. Pagrindinis darbo objektas – asmeninių kelionių automobilių stovėjimo vietų didmiestyje pasiskirstymo sistema. Ekspertiniu metodu sudaryta automobilių stovėjimo vietų mieste kriterijų sistema. Taikant daugiatikslius metodus kriterijams suteikti rangai ir apskaičiuoti jų svorių koeficientai, kurie leido nustatyti kriterijų prioritetus ir parinkti racionaliausias automobilių stovėjimo aikštelių išdėstymo vietas miesto teritorijoje. Pagrindinis darbo tikslas – pasiūlyti automobilių stovėjimo vietų mieste plėtros vertinimo modelį ir pateikti originalius automobilių stovėjimo aikštelių plėtros koncepcinius sprendinius. Disertaciją sudaro įvadas, 3 skyriai, bendrosios išvados, literatūros sąrašas, publikacijų sąrašas. Įvade trumpai aptariama tiriamoji problema, darbo aktualumas, aprašomas tyrimo objektas, formuluojamas darbo tikslas ir uždaviniai, aprašoma mokslinis darbo naujumas, ginamieji teiginiai. Įvado pabaigoje pristatomos autoriaus paskelbtos publikacijos, pranešimai konferencijose, nurodomas dalyvavimas tarptautiniuose seminaruose ir pateikiama disertacijos struktūra. Pirmame skyriuje pateikiama mokslinės literatūros ir kitų atliktų darbų analizė nagrinėjama tematika. Taip pat atlikta Lietuvos Respublikos, Europos Sąjungos ir kitų pasaulio šalių norminių dokumentų, reglamentuojančių lengvųjų automobilių stovėjimą skirtingose miesto teritorijose, analizė. Antrajame skyriuje atliekamas automobilių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / This dissertation examines the shortage of motor vehicle parking spaces in the city area. The object of this research is the allocation of passenger car parking spaces in cities. A criteria system for car parking spaces in cities was formed using the expert estimate method. By using multi-criteria methods, the criteria were grouped and their factor value was calculated, which helped to establish the priorities of the criteria and to determine the most rational places for parking lots in the city area. This research aims to suggest a model for developing an infrastructure of car parking spaces in the city and to present original conceptual solutions for the expansion of parking lots. The dissertation comprises an introduction, three chapters, general conclusions, a list of literature, and a list of publications. The introduction specifies the problem, describes the relevance of the paper, names the research object, the aim and objectives, its scientific novelty, and the defended statements. Finally, it lists publications and conference presentations of the author, describes the author’s participation in international seminars and presents the structure of the dissertation. Chapter one introduces the literature overview of the subject analysis and discusses the study of the scientific research carried out in this field. It also presents the examination of the normative documents in Lithuania, the European Union and in other countries, which regulate motor car parking in... [to full text]

Placeringen av parkeringsplatser, för projekt med begränsad exploateringsyta, är ett välkänt problem inom den moderna byggnadsindustrin (Duvanova et al. 2016). Ytterligare är bullerstörningar ett problem för bostäder vilket ofta kräver innovativa lösningar, ofta I form av ljudreducerande element. Denna faktor är alltmer betydelsefull då bostadsområden har begränsad yta eftersom ljudkänsliga ytor på bostäders fasader, såsom gårdar, kan tvingas placeras mot ljusemitterande källor, såsom vägar. En undersökning utfördes angående ett nytt potentiellt bostadsområde I Ljungby kommun, år 2023. Undersökningen stötte på ett flertal problem angående planeringen av nya parkeringsplatser, samt ljudreducering på bostadens fasad, vilket inspirerade syftet avdenna rapport. Rapporten analyserade effektiviteten av flera parkeringslösningar såväl som bostadsformer i förhållande till kostnad, estetik och miljöpåverkan. Dessa typer av parkeringar var hydraulisk parkering, plan parkering, bilpool, parkeringshus ochparkeringsgarage. Plan parkering med delvis användning av bilpooler ansågs vara den effektivaste parkeringslösningen medan en U-formad byggnad, där parkeringsyta projekteras på första plan, anseddes vara mest effektiv med avseende på bullerreducering från trafik. Utnyttjandet av bilpooler anseddes vara en högt betydelsefull faktor för effektiviteten av denna lösning, eftersom implementering av bilpooler hade potentialen att spara upp till 5 miljoner kronor, teoretiskt sätt. Ytterligare undersökningar inom den praktiska tillämpningen av bilpooler inom bostadsområden med begränsad yta är därför högt rekomederat. / The placement of parking lots, for projects with limited available space, is a well-known problem in the modern building industry (Duvanova et al. 2016). Additionally, noise management is a problem for buildings that often requires alternative solutions, often in the form of noise canceling elements. This is even more prevalent when building residential areas with limited exploitation area, since noise sensitive areas such as courtyards are forced to be placed in close proximity to noise emitting areas, such as roads. An inquiry was conducted regarding a new residential area in Ljungby Municipality, Sweden year 2023. The study encountered multiple problems regarding parking lot allocation, as well as noise management on the building facade, which sparked the intent behind this study. This thesis work analyzed the effectiveness of various parking solutions, and building designs regarding the factors cost, aesthetics and environmental effects. The different types of parking solutions were hydraulic parking, plain parking, carpool, multistory carpark and parking garage. Plain parking was deduced as the most effective parking solution for the study while a U-shaped building, where a parking space was placed on the first floor, was considered to be most effective regarding managing street noise.  The utilization of carpools was considered to be a major factor in the effectiveness of this solution, since the utilization of carpools could lead to savings of up to 5 million Swedish crowns, in theory. Further investigations in the practical application of carpools in residential areas with limited space is therefore highly encouraged.