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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

Financial Statement Disclosure of Carbon Footprint Costs in the Airline Industry

Tuck-Riggs, Carol Anne 01 January 2015 (has links)
Unaccountable corporate polluters profit short term at the expense of global economic sustainability. The purpose of the study was to determine if carbon dioxide (CO2) penalties on the airline emissions would result in financial statement disclosure and emission mitigation. Contributing to environmental accounting, the study was based in corporate social responsibility with a conceptual framework based on economically-centered CO2 studies. A random sample of 69 global airlines, taken from the International Air Transport Association (IATA) and the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) memberships, was stratified between EU bound and non-EU bound airlines. The research questions explored (a) the frequency mean differences in disclosed CO2 costs between the strata based upon the European Union's environmental trading scheme (EU-ETS) and (b) whether international financial reporting standards (IFRS) influenced the financial statement reporting of CO2 emissions costs. Financial statement data were analyzed in a 3-year longitudinal, ex-post, quasi-experimental, repeated measures factorial ANOVA and ANCOVA, pretest-posttest control group design. The results showed significant CO2 disclosure differences between the experimental (EU bound) airlines and control group (non-EU) airlines and for those airlines with IFRS prepared statements. These results should convince accounting practitioners that the quantification and reporting of greenhouse gas pollution can become the catalyst for improved operations and commercial sustainability. Positive social change to mitigate anthropogenic pollution should result and should promote normative accounting practice to hold those responsible to a higher global accountability.
32

The Effects of Land Use and Human Activities on Carbon Cycling in Texas Rivers

January 2011 (has links)
I investigated how land use and human activities affect the sources and cycling of carbon (C) in subtropical rivers. Annually rivers receive a large amount of terrestrial C, process a portion of this C and return it to the atmosphere as CO 2 . The rest is transported to the ocean. Land use and human activities can affect the sources and fate of terrestrial C in rivers. However, studies on these effects are limited, especially in the humid subtropics. I combined measurements of the partial pressure of dissolved CO 2 (pCO 2 ), C isotopes ( 13 C and 14 C) and solid-state 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to study C cycling in three subtropical rivers in Texas, two small rivers (Buffalo Bayou and Spring Creek) and a midsized river (the Brazos). My pCO 2 data show that small humid subtropical rivers are likely a large source of atmospheric CO 2 in the global C cycle. My measurements on pCO 2 , C isotopic and chemical composition of dissolved inorganic C (DIC) and particulate organic C (POC) revealed four types of effects of land use and human activities on river C cycling. First, oyster shells and crushed carbonate minerals used in road construction are being dissolved and slowly drained into Buffalo Bayou and the lower Brazos and may be a source of river CO 2 released to the atmosphere. Second, river damming and nutrient input from urban treated wastewater stimulate algal growth and reduce CO 2 evasion of the middle Brazos. Third, urban treated wastewater discharge is adding old POC to the middle Brazos and decomposition of the old POC adds to the old riverine DIC pool. Fourth, agricultural activities coupled with high precipitation enhance loss of old organic C (OC) from deep soils to the lower Brazos, and decomposition of the old soil OC contributes to the old CO 2 evaded. I document for the first time the river C cycling effects of the use of carbonate minerals in construction and the riverine discharge of urban wastewater. Results presented here indicate the need to study disturbed river systems to better constrain the global C budget.
33

Incorporating life cycle assessment into the LEED Green Building rating system

Optis, Michael 12 August 2008 (has links)
Reused, recycled and regional product criteria within the LEED Green Building rating system are not based on comprehensive environmental assessments and do not ensure a measurable and consistent reduction of environmental burdens. A life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted for the LEED-certified Medical Sciences Building at the University of Victoria to illustrate how LCA can be used to improve these criteria. It was found that a lack of public LCA data for building products, insufficient reporting transparency and inconsistent data collection methodologies prevent a full incorporation of LCA into LEED. At present, LCA data can be used to determine what building products are generally associated with the highest environmental burdens per unit cost and thus require separate LEED criteria. Provided its deficiencies are rectified in the future, LCA can be fully incorporated into LEED to design environmental burden-based criteria that ensure a measurable and consistent reduction of environmental burdens.
34

Incorporating life cycle assessment into the LEED Green Building rating system

Optis, Michael 12 August 2008 (has links)
Reused, recycled and regional product criteria within the LEED Green Building rating system are not based on comprehensive environmental assessments and do not ensure a measurable and consistent reduction of environmental burdens. A life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted for the LEED-certified Medical Sciences Building at the University of Victoria to illustrate how LCA can be used to improve these criteria. It was found that a lack of public LCA data for building products, insufficient reporting transparency and inconsistent data collection methodologies prevent a full incorporation of LCA into LEED. At present, LCA data can be used to determine what building products are generally associated with the highest environmental burdens per unit cost and thus require separate LEED criteria. Provided its deficiencies are rectified in the future, LCA can be fully incorporated into LEED to design environmental burden-based criteria that ensure a measurable and consistent reduction of environmental burdens.
35

Komparace automobilové dopravy ve venkovských a městských oblastech z hlediska životního prostředí / Comparison of car transport in rural and urban areas from the aspect of environment

HORKÁ, Dominika January 2015 (has links)
The aim of this thesis is comparison of the traffic consumption in three selected European countries. Analysis and comparison of traffic intensity in rural and urban areas of the Czech Republic, Germany and the Netherlands. The thesis is focused on the evaluation of the diversity of rural and urban traffic consumption and it asseses the relationships between transport and the environment. Hypotheses are verified by analysis of carbon dioxide emissions in the passenger car, public and air transport (data from the project GILDED).
36

Vlastnosti portlandských cementů s ohledem na ekonomickou a ekologickou efektivitu výroby / Properties of Portland cements with regard to the economic and ecological efficiency of production

Walter, Martin January 2013 (has links)
Diploma thesis discusses about design composition and firing process modification of belite clinker. It also deals with the summary of knowledge about chemistry and production technology of portland cements with respect to its ecology and economy.
37

Omezování emisí CO2 v letecké dopravě / Reducing CO2 Emission in Air Transport

Fričová, Barbora January 2014 (has links)
Reducing CO2 emission in air transport is the main theme of this master´s thesis. As the public interest in aviation and climate change is world´s growing it could be consider as a hot topic. As a response to public interest was the creation of contracts, standards and limits of carbon dioxide emissions. The master´s thesis is divided into several parts. The first is mapping of global air traffic and carbon dioxide emissions. The second part deals with European approach to solving problems of reducing CO2 emissions follows by description of ICAO Aeroplane CO2 emissions standard. The part of the thesis is the overview of the use of biofuels in aviation and their price. The conclusion summarizes all knowledge learned while working on this thesis.
38

Totalkostnad för ägande av produktionsutrustning med fokus på hållbar utveckling / Total cost of ownership with a focus on sustainable development

Lennartsson, Filip, Jonasson, Hampus January 2021 (has links)
Companies today strive to lower their climate footprint in their daily work. It is therefore important for them to consider sustainable development when investing in new production equipment. The purpose of the study is to create a greater understanding to which parameters should be involved in a TCO with focus on sustainable development.  A support process at the case company was studied with the purpose of develop an understanding of its current situation. The current situation was then analysed to determine the parameters that should be used in the TCO. The analysis was also used to develop any suggestion of improvement on production equipment.  The result of the study presents a template for a TCO with focus on sustainable development together with a model for investment calculation which can be applied on future investments. It is determined that no suggestions of improvement will be presented as the subject hasn’t been researched enough.  The conclusion is that further studies on the subject must be carried out to be able to present any suggestions on improved production equipment.
39

Livscykelanalys av betongbro i produkt- och produktionsskedet – åtgärder för att minska klimatavtrycket / Life cycle assessment of concrete bridge under the material production and construction phase – ways to reduce climate footprint

Lazic, Kamelia, Imamovic, Jasmina January 2021 (has links)
Utsläpp av växthusgaser bidrar till global uppvärmning som är ett hot mot vårt klimat. Sveriges långsiktiga klimatmål är att inte ha några nettoutsläpp senast år 2045. Infrastrukturen står för en betydande del av klimatpåverkande utsläpp. Utsläppen från väg- och järnvägsbygge kommer mestadels från tillverkning av betong och stål som används för byggnation av broar samt andra byggnadsverk. Tillverkningen av cement, som är en viktig beståndsdel i betong, genererar koldioxidutsläpp som står för cirka 3–4 % av världens totala utsläpp. Syftet med studien är att undersöka klimatpåverkan från betongbroar och identifiera de poster som bidrar till störst klimatavtryck under produkt- och byggproduktionsskedet. Alternativa optimerade lösningar undersöks, vars tyngdpunkt läggs på att främja ett hållbart byggande av betongbroar. För att nå målet med studien har en fallstudie utförts på en plattrambro av betong över gång-och cykelväg. Fallstudien innehåller mestadels en livscykelanalys, som baserats på dokumentanalys, för att kunna identifiera var i produkt-och produktionsskedet de största klimatavtrycken sker. Utöver livscykelanalys utfördes intervjuer för att föreslå mer hållbara alternativ för en minskad klimatpåverkan. Livscykelanalys (LCA) innebär undersökning av en produkts eller tjänsts resurs- och miljökonsekvenser från vaggan till graven och baseras på SS-EN ISO 14000-serien. En byggnadsverks livscykel är indelad huvudsakligen i tre skeden: byggskede, användningsskede och slutskede. Byggskedet delas in i två underkategorier, produkt- och produktionsskedet. Resultatet från studien visade en total klimatpåverkan på 82 711 kg CO2e för produkt-och produktionsskedet, varav de största bidragande faktorerna var betongen och armeringen. Efter åtgärder, som innefattar byte av armeringstyp samt återanvänd fyllnadsmaterial, sänktes den totala klimatpåverkan med 8 244 kg CO2e. Alternativa lösningar som har föreslagits är stålfiberarmerad betong i kantbalkar, höghållfasthetsstål i broräcken, HVO som drivmedel samt framställning av biokol. Betongen ansågs vara lämplig utifrån ett hållbarhetsperspektiv då dess bidragande till koldioxidutsläpp var lägre i jämförelse med andra betongtyper på marknaden, vare sig klimatoptimerade eller konventionella. Armeringen byttes ut till en grönare och närproducerad armeringstyp för att främja miljövänligare materialval samt för att minska på klimatavtryck från transport. Vidare har det konstaterats att förnybara drivmedel är betydande för att reducera klimatpåverkan. För att reducera klimatavtrycket ytterligare kan höghållfasthetsstål i broräcke användas istället för galvaniserat stål. För att främja ett hållbart byggande bör det tas hänsyn till resursanvändning samt återanvändning. Innan återvinning, ska återanvändning ske i första hand i mån av skick och möjlighet för att minska på resursanvändningen. / The infrastructure accounts for a significant part of climate-affecting emissions. Emissions from road and railway construction come mostly from the production of concrete and steel used for the construction of bridges and other construction works. The purpose of the study is to investigate the climate impact from concrete bridges and identify the resources that contribute to the largest climate footprint during the material production and construction phase. Alternative optimized solutions are being investigated, whose emphasis is on promoting sustainable construction of concrete bridges. To achieve the goal of the study, a case study was conducted on an integral bridge of concrete. The case study mostly included a life cycle assessment, based on document analysis, in order to be able to identify where in the material production and construction phase the largest climate footprints occur. In addition to life cycle assessment, interviews were conducted to suggest more sustainable alternatives for a reduced climate impact. The results from the study showed a total climate impact of 82,711 kg CO2e from the product and production phase, of which the largest contributing factors were the concrete and the reinforcement. Improved solutions have been proposed in order to reduce the climate impact. The concrete that is used for the bridge was considered suitable from a sustainability perspective because its contribution to carbon dioxide emissions was lower compared to other types of concrete on the market. The reinforcement will be replaced with a greener and locally produced type of reinforcement to promote more environmentally friendly material choices and to reduce the climate footprint from transport. Furthermore, it has been established that renewable fuels are significant in reducing climate impact. To further reduce the climate footprint, high-strength steel in bridge railings can be used instead of galvanized steel. In order to promote sustainable construction, the use of resources should be taken into account.
40

Modeling least cost electricity system scenarios for Bangladesh using OSeMOSYS / Scenariomodellering för Bangladesh elsystem med hjälp av OSeMOSYS

Olsson, John Mogren January 2020 (has links)
In order to achieve sustainable development, countries like Bangladesh need to develop their electricity systems to guarantee their citizens access to modern energy services and achieve economic development, while not compromising the global climate. The purpose of this study is to examine what mix of technologies leads to the least costs for the electricity system under different scenario assumptions. This is done by creating a model of the electricity system, using the linear optimization tool OSeMOSYS. The results show a prominence of ultra-supercritical coal power as the lowest cost option for baseload generation in the business as usual and most other scenarios. Unlike in previous studies, solar power is economically competitive in every single scenario, and only limited by the amount of land available for new capacity additions. However, by following a cost minimization strategy, without emissions restrictions or high carbon prices, the CO2 emissions of the Bangladeshi electricity sector will increase significantly through the end of the model period in 2045. / För att Bangladesh ska kunna utvecklas på ett hållbart sätt behöver det tillgodose sina medborgares behov av både moderna energitjänster och ekonomisk utveckling. Båda dessa faktorer är nycklar till fattigdomsbekämpning. Detta kommer kräva en kraftig expansion av det nationella elsystemet, vilket riskerar att öka de nationella koldioxidutsläppen signifikant, i konflikt med klimatmålen i Parisavtalet. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka vilken elmix som innebär de lägsta totala kostnaderna för Bangladesh mellan 2019-2045, och hur stora koldioxidutsläpp detta leder till. Denna undersökning inkluderar, utöver ett ”business as usual” scenario, också 10 andra scenarier med en rad olika antaganden om teknik- och bränslekostnader, samt begränsningar av koldioxidutsläpp. Detta undersöktes genom att konstruera en modell av elsystemet med hjälp av det linjära optimeringsverktyget OSeMOSYS. De indata som använts i denna modell har baserats på en litteraturgenomgång som i största möjliga mån syftat till att reflektera nationella förhållanden. Trots detta har internationella data används i ett flertal fall, vilket inte kunnat undvikas, särskilt då modellen prognostiserar en framtida utveckling över 25 års tid. Resultatet visar att ny ultra-superkritisk kolkraft med en hög termisk verkningsgrad är den billigaste formen av elproduktion som också kan byggas ut i tillräckligt stor skala för att utgöra en stomme i elsystemet. Andra tekniker som direkta elimporter (främst från Indien) via transmissionskabel, eller ny kärnkraft är också använda i stor utsträckning i de flesta scenarierna. Existerande naturgaskapacitet används igenom hela modellperioden, men nya kraftverk förbigås generellt då modellen istället investerar i kolkraft, detta utom i scenarier med ett högt pris på koldioxidutsläpp eller strikta utsläppsbegränsningar tillsammans med en hög efterfrågan på el. Till skillnad från resultatet i tidigare studier är el från solpaneler på industriell skala ekonomiskt konkurrenskraftigt i samtliga 11 scenarier, till och med när ett lägre kolpris antogs, tillsammans med den högre av två potentiella kostnadsbanor för solpaneler. Dock begränsas solkraftens förutsättningar av faktumet att Bangladesh är så pass tätbefolkat att det har en förhållandevis dålig tillgänglighet av mark för solkraft, vilket leder till en lägre total potential för tekniken, jämfört med många andra länder. Även med det högsta antagandet av 53 GW potentiell solkraft – vilket kräver 1.2 procent av all mark i Bangladesh – står tekniken för mindre än 25 procent av all elproduktion. Detta innebär att om kostnadsminimering tillåts vara den ledande principen bakom utvecklingen av Bangladesh elsystem – vilket i praktiken har varit regeringens prioritet fram tills nu – kommer det ske stora utsläppsökningar från ny kolkraft, fram till åtminstone 2045. Denna nya kolkapacitet överskrider den utsläppsbudget som är förenlig med Parisavtalets mål om högst 2 graders uppvärmning, med konsekvenser som riskerar att drabba klimatsårbara länder som Bangladesh.

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