京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第25169号 / 医博第5055号 / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 尾野 亘, 教授 羽賀 博典, 教授 後藤 慎平 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1) is a mediator of the fibrotic response through activation of quiescent cardiac fibroblasts to hypersynthetic myofibroblasts. Scleraxis (Scx) is a pro-fibrotic transcription factor that is induced by TGFβ1-3 and works synergistically with Smads to promote collagen expression. Ski is a negative regulator of TGFβ/Smad signaling through its interactions with Smad proteins at the promoter region of TGFβ regulated genes. To date, no studies have examined the direct DNA:protein transcriptional mechanisms that regulate Scx expression by TGFβ1-3 or Ski, nor the mechanisms that govern Ski expression by Scx. We hypothesize that Ski and Scx regulate one another, and form a negative feedback loop that represses gene expression and is a central regulator of the fibrotic response in cardiac myofibroblasts. Primary adult rat cardiac myofibroblasts were isolated via retrograde Langendorff perfusion. First passage (P1) cells were infected with adenovirus encoding HA-Ski, HA-Scx, or LacZ at the time of plating. Twenty-four hours later, cells were harvested for Western blot, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), and electrophoretic gel shift assays (EMSA). NIH-3T3 or Cos7 cells were transfected with equal quantities of plasmid DNA for 24 hours prior to harvesting for luciferase, qPCR, and EMSA analysis. Ski overexpression in P1 myofibroblasts resulted in a reduction in both Scx mRNA and protein levels. Overexpression of Scx had no effect on Ski expression. Luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that Scx was induced by TGFβ1 treatment in a concentration dependent manner. However, ectopic Smad2/3 expression was unable to transactivate the Scx promoter in a luciferase reporter assay. Inhibition of p44/42-MAPK signaling modestly counteracted the effect of TGFβ1 on Scx expression. Scx had no effect on Ski promoter expression, however, both tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and p65 expression repressed the Ski promoter and correlated with reduced Ski mRNA levels. We conclude that Ski is a repressor of Scx and that Scx expression is partially mediated through a Smad-independent, p44/42-MAPK pathway in cardiac myofibroblasts. Furthermore, this study proposes a role for TNFα/p65 NF-κΒ signaling in the regulation of Ski gene expression in the cardiac myofibroblast. / October 2016

No description available.

Angiotensin II signals cardiovascular disease through metalloproteinases including MMP-2, MMP-7 and ADAM-17/TACE. We hypothesized that these metalloproteinases regulate each other at the transcriptional level. Further, MMP-2, being a major gelatinase in cardiac and vascular tissue, could mediate angiotensin II-induced cardiovascular disease. We studied the development of hypertension (by tail cuff plethysmography), cardiac hypertrophy (by M-mode echocardiography and qRT-PCR analysis of hypertrophy marker genes) and fibrosis (by collagen staining and qRT-PCR analysis of fibrosis marker genes) in mice receiving angiotensin II. Angiotensin II induced hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis which correlated with an upregulation of MMP-2. Downregulation of MMP-2 by pharmacological inhibition and RNA interference attenuated hypertension but not cardiac hypertrophy or fibrosis. Downregulation of MMP-7 or ADAM-17/TACE by RNA interference attenuated angiotensin II-induced MMP-2 upregulation as well as hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. We conclude that MMP-2 selectively mediates angiotensin II-induced hypertension under the transcriptional control of MMP-7 and ADAM-17/TACE.

No description available.

No description available.

L'ANP est une hormone cardiaque libérée lors de l'insuffisance cardiaque. Les fibroblastes cardiaques, responsables de la synthèse des composants de la matrice extracellulaire (MEC), acquièrent dans les conditions pathologiques la capacité de se différencier en myofibroblastes, conduisant ainsi à une fibrose cardiaque. Les mécanismes de régulation impliquant l'ANP et ses récepteurs (NPR) restent peu connus et font l'objet de ce travail. Les fibroblastes ventriculaires ont été isolés à partir de coeurs de rats Wistar et mis en culture afin d'induire leur différenciation. Les cultures ont ensuite été soumises à différents traitements impliqués dans la voie ANP/NPR. L'ANP diminue le taux de prolifération, la migration cellulaire, et la sécrétion de collagène des myofibroblastes. Cet effet est mimé par le 8-Br-GMPc. L'analyse protéomique et génomique a permis de confirmer la présence des récepteurs natriurétiques A et B dans nos cellules. Par ailleurs, l'expression de dix isoformes de phosphodiestérases dans les myofibroblastes a été révélée par un criblage génomique. L'inhibition non sélective de ces phosphodiestérases provoque une diminution de la prolifération et de la sécrétion de collagène. Enfin, les concentrations intracellulaires de GMPc et d'AMPc ont été trouvées augmentées en présence de l'ANP. En parallèle, la caractérisation des courants ioniques présents sur les myofibroblastes a montré une absence des courants sodique rapide et potassique ATP-dépendant. Cette étude montre le rôle de la voie ANP/NPR/GMPc dans la modulation des propriétés fibroblastiques et illustre la complexité des processus de différenciation cellulaire au cours de la fibrogenèse cardiaque. / ANP is a cardiac hormone released during heart failure and acts as a regulator of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Cardiac fibroblasts are responsible for the synthesis of ECM components and acquire under pathological conditions the capacity to differentiate into myofibroblasts, leading to cardiac fibrosis. Regulatory mechanisms involving ANP and its receptors (NPR) are poorly known and make the subject of our work. Ventricular fibroblasts were isolated from Wistar rat hearts and cultured to induce differentiation. The cultures were then subjected to various treatments involved in the ANP/NPR pathway. ANP decreases the proliferation rate, cell migration and collagen secretion. This effect was mimicked by 8-Br-cGMP. In addition, genomic and proteomic analysis confirmed the presence of the natriuretic receptor A and B in our cells. Furthermore, the expression of ten phosphodiesterases isoforms in the myofibroblasts was revealed by genomic screening. The non-selective inhibition of these phosphodiesterases causes a decrease in the proliferation and secretion of collagen. Finally, the intracellular concentrations of cAMP and cGMP were increased in the presence of ANP. In parallel, the characterization of ionic currents present in myofibroblasts revealed the absence of rapid sodium and potassium ATP-dependent currents. This study shows the role of the ANP/NPR/cGMP pathway in modulating fibroblast properties and exposes the complexity of the cell differentiation process during cardiac fibrogenesis.

No description available.

Cardiovascular dysfunction is a major complication associated with sepsis induced mortality. Cardiac fibrosis plays a critical role in sepsis induced cardiac dysfunction. The mechanisms of the activation of cardiac fibrosis is unclarified. In this study, we found that microRNA-23b (miR-23b) was up-regulated in heart tissue during cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis and transfection of miR-23b inhibitor improved survival in late sepsis. Inhibition of miR-23b in the myocardium protected against cardiac output and enhanced left ventricular systolic function. miR-23b inhibitor also alleviated cardiac fibrosis in late sepsis. MiR-23b mediates the activation of TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling to promote the differentiation of cardiac fibroblasts through suppression of 5′TG3′-interacting factor 1 (TGIF1). MiR-23b also induces AKT/N-Cadherin signaling to contribute to the deposition of extracellular matrix by inhibiting phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN). TGIF1 and PTEN were confirmed as the targets of miR-23b in vitro by Dual-Glo Luciferase assay. miR-23b inhibitor blocked the activation of adhesive molecules and restored the imbalance of pro-fibrotic and anti-fibrotic factors. These data provide direct evidence that miR-23b is a critical contributor to the activation of cardiac fibrosis to mediate the development of myocardial dysfunction in late sepsis. Blockade of miR-23b expression may be an effective approach for prevention sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(生命科学) / 甲第21228号 / 生博第397号 / 新制||生||52(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院生命科学研究科高次生命科学専攻 / (主査)教授 朝長 啓造, 教授 藤田 尚志, 教授 野田 岳志 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy in Life Sciences / Kyoto University / DFAM