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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
291

Endothelial cell activation in vascular disease mediated by hydrogen peroxide in vitro

Habas, Khaled S.A., Shang, Lijun January 2016 (has links)
Yes / The development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main cause of death among chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients (1). Endothelial injury and dysfunction are critical steps in atherosclerosis, a major CVD (2). Increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been associated with the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension and heart failure (3). However, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) modulates endothelial cell function by intricate mechanisms. Ambient production of O2.− and subsequently H2O2 at low levels, maintained via basal activity of pre-assembled endothelial NAD (P) H oxidases (4). Endothelial cells play an important regulatory role in the circulation as a physical barrier and as a source of a variety of regulatory substances. Dysfunction of the vascular endothelium is thus leading to atherosclerosis which is characterised by overexpression of adhesion molecule expression, comprising vascular cell adhesion molecule 1(VCAM1). This adhesion molecule has been found to be up-regulation in human atherosclerotic lesions. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of H2O2 on the endothelial cells adhesion molecules expression. Primary cultures of Human Umbilical Vascular Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) will be maintained in endothelial growth medium supplemented with penicillin-streptomycin and supplement mix of fetal calf serum in a 37C humidified incubator in an atmosphere of 5% v/v CO2. HUVECs will be treated with in the presence and absences of 50 μM of H 2O2 for 2, 6, 12 and 24 h. Intracellular superoxide anion production in HUVECs will be detected by using p-Nitro Blue Tetrazolium (NBT) assay to demonstrate whether H2O2 induce the generation of superoxide anions intracellularly in HUVECs. The formation of blue formazan will be measured spectrophotometrically at 570 nm. Total RNA will be extracted from non-treated and treated cells and RNA quantity and quality will be checked by OD260/280 measurements. VCAM-1 mRNA expression will be assessed using RT-PCR. Our results show that H2O2 could potentially significantly induce EC activation through increased mRNA expression of ICAM-1 adhesion molecules in cultured HUVECs. Treatment with N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) (bulk/nano form) could significantly attenuate the effect of H2O2 administration on adhesion molecule protein expression. This strongly suggests the role of ROS in the endothelial cell damage sustained. Future work is to find reliable methods to test endothelial function. Non-invasive studies such as brachial ultrasound testing are also needed to determine its predictive value as a potential predictor for cardiovascular disease.
292

Emerging roles of protein O-GlcNAcylation in cardiovascular diseases: Insights and novel therapeutic targets

Bolanle, I.O., Riches-Suman, Kirsten, Williamson, Ritchie, Palmer, Timothy M. 05 May 2021 (has links)
Yes / Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death globally. While the major focus of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions has been on targeting disease pathophysiology and limiting predisposing factors, our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of CVDs remains incomplete. One mechanism that has recently emerged is protein O-GlcNAcylation. This is a dynamic, site-specific reversible post-translational modification of serine and threonine residues on target proteins and is controlled by two enzymes: O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (OGA). Protein O-GlcNAcylation alters the cellular functions of these target proteins which play vital roles in pathways that modulate vascular homeostasis and cardiac function. Through this review, we aim to give insights on the role of protein O-GlcNAcylation in cardiovascular diseases and identify potential therapeutic targets in this pathway for development of more effective medicines to improve patient outcomes.
293

Neglected issues in the epidemiology of vascular disease

Banerjee, Amitava January 2010 (has links)
Vascular disease is the leading cause of global disease burden, but substantial gaps in our knowledge regarding family history of vascular disease, peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and acute aortic disease persist. Prospective, population-based data in these neglected areas may be useful in diagnosis, risk prediction, prognosis and clinical management of vascular disease. The Oxford Vascular Study (OXVASC) is an ongoing prospective, population-based study of vascular disease in all territories in Oxfordshire, UK, which started in 2002. The study population comprises all 91,106 individuals registered with nine general practices. Multiple overlapping methods of “hot” and “cold” pursuit are used to identify all patients with acute vascular events. I have shown that patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and a history of myocardial infarction (MI) in both parents are 6 times more likely to have siblings with MI than those ACS patients with no parental history of MI, whereas, parental stroke does not predict stroke in siblings among TIA/stroke patients. Maternal history of MI is more common in women than men with ACS. Premature maternal MI is strongly associated with premature MI in females and males. I have also shown that maternal stroke is more common than paternal stroke in female ACS patients, and that family history of stroke is as common in patients with ACS as in patients with TIA/stroke. However, I showed that these associations between family history and MI or stroke cannot be explained by disease localisation or disease severity on coronary angiography. In both primary and secondary prevention settings, PAD indicates a high risk of future events. I have shown that, although acute PAD events account for only 7% of acute vascular events at 1 year, they account for 12% of acute vascular deaths. Acute peripheral arterial events are more aggressive in terms of risk factor profile, mortality and morbidity than other vascular disease. Half of patients with incident PAD had history of vascular disease. Incidence and severity of PAD events generally increases with age, and severity of disease predicts mortality. I have shown that incidence of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (RAAA) and aortic dissection increased steeply with age, and 5-year mortality rates were 74% and 65% for RAAA and aortic dissection respectively. I have also shown that the true population-based incidence of acute aortic dissection is similar to previous estimates of incidence, implying that it is accurately diagnosed and coded, and that retrospective data analysis produces valid estimates of incidence.
294

Marcadores precoces de doença cardiovascular em mulheres com síndrome dos ovários policísticos / Early markers of cardiovascular disease in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Soares, Gustavo Mafaldo 08 August 2008 (has links)
Introdução:A síndrome dos ovários policísticos (SOP) é a endocrinopatia mais comum em mulheres no menacme, com prevalência variando de 5 a 10%. A SOP está associada à elevação do risco cardiovascular e eventos metabólicos adversos, incluindo obesidade, resistência à insulina, dislipidemia e inflamação crônica de baixo grau. Apesar dos fatores de risco cardiovascular serem mais prevalentes em mulheres com SOP, não existe evidência científica de maior incidência de doença cardiovascular (DCV) nestas mulheres. Vários estudos reportaram alterações em marcadores de risco para DCV na SOP, porém ainda não foram determinados quais os marcadores ideais para a detecção precoce da DCV. Objetivo:Avaliar a presença de marcadores precoces de DCV em mulheres jovens e não-obesas com SOP. Casuística e Métodos:Foram incluídas 39 pacientes com SOP e 50 mulheressaudáveis, com ciclos menstruais regulares e pareadas por idade e índice de massa corporal (IMC). Através da ultra-sonografia foram avaliados os seguintes marcadores de DCV: índice de rigidez da artéria carótida comum, distensibilidade da artéria carótida comum, espessura da camada íntima-média da artéria carótida comum (IMT) e dilatação mediada pelo fluxo da artéria braquial (DMF). Foram avaliadas ainda variáveis antropométricas, hormonais e marcadores de inflamação em todas as participantes. Resultados: A idade e o IMC nas mulheres com SOP não apresentaram diferença quando comparados às mulheres do grupo controle (24,5 ± 3,80 vs 24,5 ± 5,1, 0,6, respectivamente).O índice de rigidez da carótida comum foi mais elevado no grupo SOP comparado ao grupo controle (3.6 ± 0.96 vs 3.1 ± 0.96, p= 0.04, respectivamente) e a distensibilidade da artéria carótida comum foi menor nas pacientes com SOP em comparação àquelas do grupo controle (0.3 ± 0.08 vs 0.4 ± 0.09, p=0.02, respectivamente). As pacientes com SOP apresentaram maior circunferência da cintura, testosterona total e free androgen index(FAI) em relação ao grupo controle (78.2 +10.0 vs 71.6 +7.2, p= 0,0004; 85.0 +32.4 vs 52.0 +21.3, p<0.0001 e 8.9 +28.7 vs 4.4 +2.3, p<0.0001, respectivamente), enquanto a sex hormone binding globulin(SHBG) mostrou-se reduzida na SOP quando comparadaao grupo controle (37.8 +19.1 vs 47.8 +18.3, p=0.01). As demais variáveis não diferiram entre os dois grupos. Conclusão: Nosso estudo demonstra que mulheres jovens com SOP apresentam alterações na elasticidade vascular mesmo na ausência de clássicos fatores de risco para DCV, como: resistência à insulina, hipertensão ou obesidade. / Introduction: The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disease affecting 5% to 10% of women of reproductive age. PCOS is associated with an adverse metabolic and cardiovascular risk profile, including obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and low-grade chronic inflammation. Although cardiovascular risk factors are more prevalent in women with PCOS, definitive evidence for an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is lacking. Several studies reported disorders in markers of CVD in PCOS patients, however they were not still certain whichare the best subclinical markers of CVD in these young women. Objective:To evaluate the early markers of CVD in young PCOSwomen. Material and Methods:Thirty nine PCOS women and 50 healthy age and bodymass index (BMI)-matched ovulatory controls were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Carotid stiffness index (?), carotid compliance, Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and brachial arterial flow-mediated dilation (FMD) were measuredby ultrasonography. Anthropometric measurements, complete hormonal and metabolic (including inflammatory biomarkers) evaluation were done in all subjects. Results: ?was significantly higher in PCOS subjects than in healthy controls (3.7 ± 0.96 vs 3.3 ± 0.96, p= 0.04, respectively) and carotid compliance was lower in PCOS than in healthy controls (0.3 ± 0.08 vs 0.4 ± 0.09, p=0.02 respectively). PCOS patients also present elevated WC, total testosterone and free androgen index compared to control group (78.2 +10.0 vs 71.2 +7.2, p= 0,0004; 86.2 +32.1 vs 57.4 +21.2, p<0.0001 and 12.7 +15.7 vs 4.7 +2.4, p<0.0001. respectively). The sex hormone biding globulin was lower in PCOS women than in control group (37.3 +19.2 vs 47.8 +18.3, p=0.01). The other variables did not differ between the groups. Conclusions: Comparing to non-obese ovulatory controls, non-obese PCOS patients present impaired elastic properties in carotid artery, thatcould reflect vascular dysfunction associated with PCOS. However, endothelial function and inflammatory biomarkers remain unaffected.
295

Marcadores precoces de doença cardiovascular em mulheres com síndrome dos ovários policísticos / Early markers of cardiovascular disease in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Gustavo Mafaldo Soares 08 August 2008 (has links)
Introdução:A síndrome dos ovários policísticos (SOP) é a endocrinopatia mais comum em mulheres no menacme, com prevalência variando de 5 a 10%. A SOP está associada à elevação do risco cardiovascular e eventos metabólicos adversos, incluindo obesidade, resistência à insulina, dislipidemia e inflamação crônica de baixo grau. Apesar dos fatores de risco cardiovascular serem mais prevalentes em mulheres com SOP, não existe evidência científica de maior incidência de doença cardiovascular (DCV) nestas mulheres. Vários estudos reportaram alterações em marcadores de risco para DCV na SOP, porém ainda não foram determinados quais os marcadores ideais para a detecção precoce da DCV. Objetivo:Avaliar a presença de marcadores precoces de DCV em mulheres jovens e não-obesas com SOP. Casuística e Métodos:Foram incluídas 39 pacientes com SOP e 50 mulheressaudáveis, com ciclos menstruais regulares e pareadas por idade e índice de massa corporal (IMC). Através da ultra-sonografia foram avaliados os seguintes marcadores de DCV: índice de rigidez da artéria carótida comum, distensibilidade da artéria carótida comum, espessura da camada íntima-média da artéria carótida comum (IMT) e dilatação mediada pelo fluxo da artéria braquial (DMF). Foram avaliadas ainda variáveis antropométricas, hormonais e marcadores de inflamação em todas as participantes. Resultados: A idade e o IMC nas mulheres com SOP não apresentaram diferença quando comparados às mulheres do grupo controle (24,5 ± 3,80 vs 24,5 ± 5,1, 0,6, respectivamente).O índice de rigidez da carótida comum foi mais elevado no grupo SOP comparado ao grupo controle (3.6 ± 0.96 vs 3.1 ± 0.96, p= 0.04, respectivamente) e a distensibilidade da artéria carótida comum foi menor nas pacientes com SOP em comparação àquelas do grupo controle (0.3 ± 0.08 vs 0.4 ± 0.09, p=0.02, respectivamente). As pacientes com SOP apresentaram maior circunferência da cintura, testosterona total e free androgen index(FAI) em relação ao grupo controle (78.2 +10.0 vs 71.6 +7.2, p= 0,0004; 85.0 +32.4 vs 52.0 +21.3, p<0.0001 e 8.9 +28.7 vs 4.4 +2.3, p<0.0001, respectivamente), enquanto a sex hormone binding globulin(SHBG) mostrou-se reduzida na SOP quando comparadaao grupo controle (37.8 +19.1 vs 47.8 +18.3, p=0.01). As demais variáveis não diferiram entre os dois grupos. Conclusão: Nosso estudo demonstra que mulheres jovens com SOP apresentam alterações na elasticidade vascular mesmo na ausência de clássicos fatores de risco para DCV, como: resistência à insulina, hipertensão ou obesidade. / Introduction: The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disease affecting 5% to 10% of women of reproductive age. PCOS is associated with an adverse metabolic and cardiovascular risk profile, including obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and low-grade chronic inflammation. Although cardiovascular risk factors are more prevalent in women with PCOS, definitive evidence for an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is lacking. Several studies reported disorders in markers of CVD in PCOS patients, however they were not still certain whichare the best subclinical markers of CVD in these young women. Objective:To evaluate the early markers of CVD in young PCOSwomen. Material and Methods:Thirty nine PCOS women and 50 healthy age and bodymass index (BMI)-matched ovulatory controls were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Carotid stiffness index (?), carotid compliance, Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and brachial arterial flow-mediated dilation (FMD) were measuredby ultrasonography. Anthropometric measurements, complete hormonal and metabolic (including inflammatory biomarkers) evaluation were done in all subjects. Results: ?was significantly higher in PCOS subjects than in healthy controls (3.7 ± 0.96 vs 3.3 ± 0.96, p= 0.04, respectively) and carotid compliance was lower in PCOS than in healthy controls (0.3 ± 0.08 vs 0.4 ± 0.09, p=0.02 respectively). PCOS patients also present elevated WC, total testosterone and free androgen index compared to control group (78.2 +10.0 vs 71.2 +7.2, p= 0,0004; 86.2 +32.1 vs 57.4 +21.2, p<0.0001 and 12.7 +15.7 vs 4.7 +2.4, p<0.0001. respectively). The sex hormone biding globulin was lower in PCOS women than in control group (37.3 +19.2 vs 47.8 +18.3, p=0.01). The other variables did not differ between the groups. Conclusions: Comparing to non-obese ovulatory controls, non-obese PCOS patients present impaired elastic properties in carotid artery, thatcould reflect vascular dysfunction associated with PCOS. However, endothelial function and inflammatory biomarkers remain unaffected.
296

Prevalência de doença periodontal e estratificação do risco cardiovascular de Framingham e PROCAM de pacientes do Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia / Prevalence Study of periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease stratification risk in Dante Pazzanese Cardiology Institute

Silva, Leopoldo Penteado Nucci da 11 April 2008 (has links)
Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a prevalência de doença periodontal e risco de doença cardiovascular estratificado pelos métodos de Framingham e PROCAM em uma amostra de sujeitos do Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia. Trata-se de um estudo de prevalência com 56 sujeitos do gênero masculino de 45 a 70 anos dos Ambulatórios de Coronariopatia e Cardiologia do Esporte que aceitaram participar voluntariamente e tiveram os dados coletados da anamnese, do exame clínico global e periodontal e de análises laboratoriais. Os parâmetros clínicos periodontais foram: Registro Periodontal Simplificado (PSR), Índice Comunitário de Necessidades de Tratamento Periodontal (CPITN), Índice de Placa (IP), Índice de sangramento sulcular à sondagem (IS), Profundidade de Sondagem (PS), nível de inserção clínica periodontal (NIC) e Retração Gengival (RG). Avaliaram-se também na anamnese e no exame clínico global a idade, etnia, escolaridade, estado civil, hábitos alimentares, pressão arterial pulsátil, índice de massa corpórea (IMC), tabagismo, histórico familiar de cardiopatias, atividade física semanal e presença de doenças sistêmicas. Na avaliação laboratorial analisamos Glicemia, Triglicérides, Lipoproteína de Alta (HDL) e Baixa (LDL) Densidade, Colesterol Total e Proteína C Reativa. Os dados laboratoriais e clínicos foram utilizados como base de cálculo do logaritmo de estratificação de risco de doença cardiovascular nos métodos de Framingham e PROCAM. Foi então realizada a análise univariada e de freqüência para cada dado coletado, como também foi analisada a correlação entre os métodos periodontais e de estratificação de risco de doença cardiovascular. Finalizando com a análise de correlação da prevalência de doença periodontal com o risco de doença cardiovascular. Foi estabelecido o nível de significância de 5%. Os sujeitos do ambulatório de Coronariopatia apresentaram maior risco de doença cardiovascular calculado pelos métodos de Framingham e PROCAM (T1=1,212, p=0,048; T1=1,843, p=0,045), índice de massa corporal e concentração plasmática de proteína C reativa, menor intervalo de temporal de atividade física semanal do que os sujeitos do ambulatório de Cardiologia do Esporte. Nos parâmetros periodontais os sujeitos do ambulatório de Coronariopatia apresentaram maior freqüência de periodontite moderada no exame de PSR, maior índice de placa, índice de sangramento sulcular, perda de inserção clínica e profundidade de sondagem do que nos sujeitos do ambulatório de Cardiologia do Esporte. A prevalência de doença periodontal foi significantemente maior nos sujeitos com maior risco de doença cardiovascular estratificado nos métodos de Framingham e PROCAM (r=0,786/Framingham; r=0,823/PROCAM). / Oral infection models have emerged as useful tools to study the hypothesis that infection and inflammatory reaction is a independent cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor. Periodontal infections are a leading culprit, with studies reporting associations between periodontal disease and CVD, but this studies the periodontal diagnosis and coronary risk show substantial variations. This study aimed to analyze the different methods of periodontal diagnosis (Periodontal Screening and Recording - PSR and Clinical Attachment Loss - CAL) and correlation with Framingham and PROCAM coronary risk. The result shown strong and significant associations between periodontal diagnosis (r=0,812) and coronary risk (r=0,786/Framingham; r=0,823/PROCAM). Evidence continues to support an association among periodontal infections, atherosclerosis and vascular disease in different periodontal diagnosis and coronary risk stratification methods.
297

Hiperhomocisteinemia e o risco cardiovascular / Hyperhomocysteinemia and cardiovascular risk

Vani, Gannabathula Sree 13 May 2002 (has links)
Nível elevado de homocisteína (Hcy) no plasma é considerado fator de risco de doença cardiovascular. Consumo reduzido de vitaminas B6, B12 e ácido fólico tem sido relacionado com hiperhomocisteinemia. O objetivo desse estudo foi verificar o consumo de vitaminas B6, B12 e ácido fólico nas populações urbana e rural, bem como a correlação dos níveis plasmáticos dessas vitaminas com os níveis plasmáticos de Hcy. Também determinamos os níveis séricos de lipídeos e avaliamos o risco cardiovascular das populações frente a hiperlipemia. O consumo de B6 e ácido fólico é maior na população urbana, com p=0,00 e p=0,04 respectivamente, sendo o consumo de B12 maior na população rural, com p=0,47. As correlações são significativamente negativa entre Hcy e as vitaminas B12 e ácido fólico . A população rural apresenta Hcy com valor médio de 16,5±9,2&#181;mol/L, classificada como hiperhomocisteinemia moderada, e a população urbana 12,8±5,5 &#181;mol/L, o qual está dentro da faixa de referência. O valor médio de LDL sérica é maior na população urbana (3,4±0,8mmoI/L) do que na população rural (2,8±0,9mmoI/L), com valor de p=0,00. Como fator de risco cardiovascular, consideramos Hcy plasmática >14&#181;mol/L e LDL sérica >3,38mmol/L. Neste caso, 41,4% da população rural e 7,4% população urbana apresentam Hcy maior que 14&#181;mol/L. O inverso ocorre em relação a LDL, onde 43,2% da população urbana e 11% na população rural apresentam níveis acima de 3,38mmol/L. Concluímos que o risco cardiovascular decorrente de hiperhomocisteinemia é maior na população rural que na urbana e este risco poderia reduzir mediante o consumo de vitaminas. / Elevated levels of plasma homocysteine (Hey) are considered a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Low intake of vitamins 86, 812 and folic acid have been related to hyperhomocysteinemia. The purpose of the present study is to determine the consumption of the vitamins B6, B12 and folic acid in two Brazilian urban and rural populations, along with the plasmatic levels of these vitamins and plasmatic homocysteine. In addition, the serum levels of lipids have been determined to evaluate the cardiovascular risk in the two populations regarding their hyperlipidemie comdition. The consumption of B6 and folic acid is higher in the urban population (p=0.00 and p=0.04 respective/y), while the consumption of B12 is not significantly different (p=0.47). There is a negative correlation between B12 and folic acid with Hcy. The rural population shows mean Hcy value of 16.5±9.2&#181;mol/L and is classified as having moderate hyperhomocysteinemia, while for the urban population, the mean value is 12.8±5.5&#181;mol/L and is well within the normal range. The mean value of the serum LDL is higher in the urban population (3.4±0.8mmol/L) compared to the rural population (2.8±0.9mmol/lL) with a significance of p=0.00. Plasma Hcy values >14&#181;mol/L and serum LDL >3.38mmol/L were considered as the risk factors for cardiovascular disease. With in the reference values, 41.4% of the rural population and 7.4% of the urban population showa Hcy as a risk factor. For LDL, the inverse is true, i.e 43.2% of urban and 11% of the rural population are at risk. We conclude that the cardiovascular risk arising from hyperhomocysteinemia is higher in the rural population and that this can be reduced by increased consumption of vitamins.
298

Ambulanspersonals erfarenheter av gravt obesa patienter / Ambulance personl's experiences of patients with morbid obesity

Wöhl, Sophie January 2010 (has links)
<p>Ambulanspersonal skall i sitt dagliga arbete lyfta och behandla patienter. I varje ambulans finns två ambulanssjukvårdare (kan även vara sjuksköterskor med eller utan specialistutbildningar) som har genomgått ett lyftprov som bekräftar att de på två man klarar att lyfta en patient som väger 90kg. Då en patient väger 150kg (gravt obes patient) eller mer blir det problematiskt, både ergonomiskt och medicintekniskt. Antalet överviktiga ökar, även de som räknas som gravt obesa. Syftet med denna uppsats vara att beskriva ambulanspersonalens erfarenheter då det gäller ambulanstransport av gravt obesa patienter.Enkäter besvarades anonymt av personal på en ambulansstation i södra Sverige. Svarsfrekvensen blev 29 av 55 personal efter att ett påminnelsebrev delats ut. Svaren bearbetades med beskrivande statistik. Resultatet visade att det inte fanns en fullt fungerande rutin för gravt obesa patienter. Personalen ansåg överlag att hjälpmedel inte var tillräckliga för att snabbt och säkert kunna transportera patienter med en vikt över 150kg till sjukhuset. Förbättring av rutiner samt hjälpmedel skulle kunde minska riskerna för skador hos personal samt innebära en bättre och säkrare vård vid transport till sjukhus.</p>
299

Ambulanspersonals erfarenheter av gravt obesa patienter / Ambulance personl's experiences of patients with morbid obesity

Wöhl, Sophie January 2010 (has links)
Ambulanspersonal skall i sitt dagliga arbete lyfta och behandla patienter. I varje ambulans finns två ambulanssjukvårdare (kan även vara sjuksköterskor med eller utan specialistutbildningar) som har genomgått ett lyftprov som bekräftar att de på två man klarar att lyfta en patient som väger 90kg. Då en patient väger 150kg (gravt obes patient) eller mer blir det problematiskt, både ergonomiskt och medicintekniskt. Antalet överviktiga ökar, även de som räknas som gravt obesa. Syftet med denna uppsats vara att beskriva ambulanspersonalens erfarenheter då det gäller ambulanstransport av gravt obesa patienter.Enkäter besvarades anonymt av personal på en ambulansstation i södra Sverige. Svarsfrekvensen blev 29 av 55 personal efter att ett påminnelsebrev delats ut. Svaren bearbetades med beskrivande statistik. Resultatet visade att det inte fanns en fullt fungerande rutin för gravt obesa patienter. Personalen ansåg överlag att hjälpmedel inte var tillräckliga för att snabbt och säkert kunna transportera patienter med en vikt över 150kg till sjukhuset. Förbättring av rutiner samt hjälpmedel skulle kunde minska riskerna för skador hos personal samt innebära en bättre och säkrare vård vid transport till sjukhus.
300

Hiperhomocisteinemia e o risco cardiovascular / Hyperhomocysteinemia and cardiovascular risk

Gannabathula Sree Vani 13 May 2002 (has links)
Nível elevado de homocisteína (Hcy) no plasma é considerado fator de risco de doença cardiovascular. Consumo reduzido de vitaminas B6, B12 e ácido fólico tem sido relacionado com hiperhomocisteinemia. O objetivo desse estudo foi verificar o consumo de vitaminas B6, B12 e ácido fólico nas populações urbana e rural, bem como a correlação dos níveis plasmáticos dessas vitaminas com os níveis plasmáticos de Hcy. Também determinamos os níveis séricos de lipídeos e avaliamos o risco cardiovascular das populações frente a hiperlipemia. O consumo de B6 e ácido fólico é maior na população urbana, com p=0,00 e p=0,04 respectivamente, sendo o consumo de B12 maior na população rural, com p=0,47. As correlações são significativamente negativa entre Hcy e as vitaminas B12 e ácido fólico . A população rural apresenta Hcy com valor médio de 16,5±9,2&#181;mol/L, classificada como hiperhomocisteinemia moderada, e a população urbana 12,8±5,5 &#181;mol/L, o qual está dentro da faixa de referência. O valor médio de LDL sérica é maior na população urbana (3,4±0,8mmoI/L) do que na população rural (2,8±0,9mmoI/L), com valor de p=0,00. Como fator de risco cardiovascular, consideramos Hcy plasmática >14&#181;mol/L e LDL sérica >3,38mmol/L. Neste caso, 41,4% da população rural e 7,4% população urbana apresentam Hcy maior que 14&#181;mol/L. O inverso ocorre em relação a LDL, onde 43,2% da população urbana e 11% na população rural apresentam níveis acima de 3,38mmol/L. Concluímos que o risco cardiovascular decorrente de hiperhomocisteinemia é maior na população rural que na urbana e este risco poderia reduzir mediante o consumo de vitaminas. / Elevated levels of plasma homocysteine (Hey) are considered a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Low intake of vitamins 86, 812 and folic acid have been related to hyperhomocysteinemia. The purpose of the present study is to determine the consumption of the vitamins B6, B12 and folic acid in two Brazilian urban and rural populations, along with the plasmatic levels of these vitamins and plasmatic homocysteine. In addition, the serum levels of lipids have been determined to evaluate the cardiovascular risk in the two populations regarding their hyperlipidemie comdition. The consumption of B6 and folic acid is higher in the urban population (p=0.00 and p=0.04 respective/y), while the consumption of B12 is not significantly different (p=0.47). There is a negative correlation between B12 and folic acid with Hcy. The rural population shows mean Hcy value of 16.5±9.2&#181;mol/L and is classified as having moderate hyperhomocysteinemia, while for the urban population, the mean value is 12.8±5.5&#181;mol/L and is well within the normal range. The mean value of the serum LDL is higher in the urban population (3.4±0.8mmol/L) compared to the rural population (2.8±0.9mmol/lL) with a significance of p=0.00. Plasma Hcy values >14&#181;mol/L and serum LDL >3.38mmol/L were considered as the risk factors for cardiovascular disease. With in the reference values, 41.4% of the rural population and 7.4% of the urban population showa Hcy as a risk factor. For LDL, the inverse is true, i.e 43.2% of urban and 11% of the rural population are at risk. We conclude that the cardiovascular risk arising from hyperhomocysteinemia is higher in the rural population and that this can be reduced by increased consumption of vitamins.

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