The main goal of this master thesis is to choose a more user-friendly e-shop option. This finding is achieved through several testing methods. As this is a user experience and user interface topic, the concepts of this topic are more closely approximated for better understanding of subsequent testing. Another approach is the testing methods used to ensure the goal of the thesis. The key part of the thesis is a practical one, which deals with the above-mentioned testing of two variants of e-shops. E-shops are tested using five-second test methods, eye-tracking measurements that become the most important test of this thesis, oral questionnaire and complementary emotional cards. Using eye-tracking measurements, visual maps are obtained that plot the visual field of each respondent. All results are processed, analyzed and subsequently interpreted to the final result.

Zero knowledge protocols is a lesser known type of protocol that can be used for identification. These protocols are especially designed not to reveal any information during an identification process that can be misused later on, neither by the one who should be convinced of the identity of the user, nor by anyone else that is eavesdropping. Many of these protocols are also especially designed for implementation in smart cards. The more common type of card with a magnetic stripe has during the last few years become more susceptible to attacks since they are easily copied. Smart cards combined with a secure identification protocol has been predicted to be the solution to this problem. Zero knowledge protocols are one of several types of protocols that can be used for this purpose. In this thesis a number of zero knowledge protocols are examined that have been presented since the introduction of the concept in the 1980's. In addition to the protocol descriptions information is also given about how to choose parameter values, and what progress and discoveries have been made concerning the security of the protocols. Some assumptions that are easy to overlook in an implementation are also highlighted, and an evaluation of the protocol performances is made. The conclusion is that zero knowledge protocols are both efficient and adaptable, while they at the same time provide high security. Because of this it may not be necessary to compromise between these properties even for simpler types of smart cards.

El propósito de nuestra investigación es analizar y comparar la efectividad de dos métodos de aprendizaje de palabras (el método del glosario y el método de aprendizaje por medio de las flash-cards) en una clase de grado séptimo en una ciudad de Suecia. La prueba realizada tiene un total de 32 palabras, divididas en dos grupos temáticos de 16 palabras cada uno, el primer grupo contiene palabras acerca de las partes del cuerpo y el segundo de la ropa. Nuestra investigación consta de tres pruebas, dos de ellas fueron respondidas por los estudiantes en el primer encuentro que tuvimos en el salón de clase y la prueba final se realizó una semana más tarde, después de utilizar los métodos de aprendizaje anteriormente mencionados. El resultado de este estudio muestra que la eficacia del método de aprendizaje de palabras con flash-cards es mayor y que los estudiantes muestran  mayor motivación al momento de trabajar con imágenes que cuando trabajan con el método del glosario, el cual es el más usado en las aulas de clase de español de las escuelas suecas.

This paper aims to close a gap in the literature on the cost of payment systems by analyzing the cost of cash and debit cards in Austria. No prior analysis exists, as far as the authors are aware. Using novel data from several sources, the unit costs for cash and debit card payments in 2013 are estimated to be Euro 0.40 and & Euro 0.39, respectively, which are close to the most cost-efficient countries in Europe (the Netherlands and Scandinavian countries). Although Austrian consumers have a much stronger preference for cash than consumers in these countries, the Austrian payment industry appears to have developed relatively cost-efficient institutional structures by relying upon centralization and international outsourcing. However, cost efficiency could be further increased by increasing the share of debit card payments or other cost-efficient digital payment methods.

This study examined the relative impact of two different question types (multiple choice and short answer) on individual student behavior when using response cards and the potential role of teacher preference as it pertained to question type. Using an alternating treatments design across participants, the study focused on identifying the type of question that was more effective in reducing disruptive behavior and increasing academic engagement and correct response when using response cards and investigated whether implementation of teacher preferred question type enhanced student behavioral outcomes. The results indicated that response cards effectively decreased disruptive behavior and increased academic engagement and correct responses in all four participating students. However, changes in the students’ behavior and performance did not differ between question types. The results also indicated that implementation of the teacher preferred question type further decreased disruptive behavior across students.

E-commerce technologies have many possible applications both in commercial and non-commercial operations. The development and implementation of these applications is on the increase especially by government and its agencies, for the delivery of services. Specific to this study is the distribution of old age pension benefits to recipients that reside in the rural areas of South Africa. Of importance to this study are the factors that promote and impinge on the development, implementation and acceptance of these applications. A specific project, the Pension Biometric Project was implemented by the South African Post Office in line with the government's initiatives of improving service delivery, and in response to the encroaching digital economy. The research problem is to investigate the pensioners' perception and their experience of three areas of this project, its implementation, its acceptance and its uses and impact. The research was conducted in the constructivist paradigm, using the case study research method. Three data collection methods were used, i.e. a document study of SAPO project documentation, on-site observations and interviews with pensioners. It was found that despite problems in implementation, the pensioners were accepting of the new system, although they were ignorant of the functionalities of the smart card. Consequently, few pensioners were making use of the banking facilities of the card, or had changed their economic behaviour. The study has also found that two themes are overriding all findings of the study. These two themes are ignorance and dignity. Ignorance has had a causal effect on adoption of the smart cards and dignity has been found to be a result of the project. The overriding implication of this study is that pensioners' ignorance around issues of service delivery by government and its agencies needs to be eradicated, otherwise there is no reliable way of measuring efforts against actual delivery. Also, the fact that dignity has emerged as an overriding theme needs to be deliberately strengthened, and maybe even driven as a specified objective of the Pension Biometric Project. Recommendations in this regard are provided as well as ideas for further research.

In the South African Social Security Agency (SASSA) Annual Report of 2011/2012 it is stated that there were more than 15 million social grants paid out to needy beneficiaries of which 10 927 731 were Child Support Grants. A major challenge that is continually being addressed is the management and administration of these grants. In particular, the focus is on service delivery and zero tolerance to fraud and corruption. SASSA has made various attempts to address these issues, such as the rollout of biometric smart cards in 2012. This research endeavour attempts to discover whether a framework can be designed where necessary factors are taken into consideration to provide for an efficient social grant application and delivery process that uses biometrics. The framework aims to suggest improvements in the use of biometrics for the social grants. Seeing that biometrics in this case is used as a technology to improve a system involving humans, this study followed a Design Science approach and made use of a case study to collect the data required for the study. Literature studies reviewed the fields of social grants and biometrics. The challenges and lessons learnt from current implementations of social grants and biometrics within the South African context and further abroad were also relevant for the study. The framework that resulted from the above was evaluated for validity and applicability after which a modified framework is presented. The research concludes with specific implementation guidelines as well as areas for future research.

The aim of this thesis is to provide a comprehensive view on the issue of contactless payments in various forms, as well as capture the actual situation in the field of contactless payments. The first chapter is devoted to the emergence and development of payment cards as a forerunner of contactless cards. The second chapter characterizes contactless cards as a new payment product. Additionally it also includes a description of the technology, which is used for this kind of cards. Chapter also deals with the arrival of contactless cards to Czech Republic and Slovakia. The topic of third chapter is Near Field Communication, special technology, which is used for contactless payments and also for the other forms of contactless payments, such as mobile payments. The fourth chapter talks about mobile services that are actually used for mobile payments. These services are not available in our region yet, but we expect their further expansion into European countries in the future. Finally, the last chapter includes an analysis of data, where we used statistical data of contactless payments in Slovakia and Czech Republic. The aim was to outline the development of contactless payments in individual quarters in both countries separately and to compare the data of contactless cards and payments in these countries.

This thesis is focused on the monitoring system in the fleet management. Frauds are increasingly caused due to company cars. The emphasis is put especially on costs saving resulting from the introduction of the monitoring and a more effective control. The work defines modern elements of control, their functions and impact on costs. It outlines pros and cons connected with the journey log. Practical examples are given as an illustration, including an alternative solution with a savings calculation.

Det är enkelt att som människa fastna i gamla hjulspår och mönster. Vi vandrar samma gator och möts därmed av samma syner gång efter annan. Det kan leda till att vi slutar se vår omgivning och miljön runt omkring oss. Den upplevs kanske tråkig, vardaglig och icke-exotisk. Detta examensprojekt är skapat för att öppna människors ögon för det fantastiska som finns runt omkring oss. Särskilt i dessa tider, när miljön är på sin bristningsgräns och viruset covid-19 spridits över världen, krävs det att vi ser över våra resvanor och de normer som finns gällande resande. Projektet ämnar undersöka hur grafisk design kan bidra till att inspirera människor till att utforska och uppleva sin närmiljö. Upptäck ditt Norrbotten är skapat för att lyfta platser och aktiviteter väl värda ett besök i länet. / It is easy to, as a person, get stuck in old wheel tracks and patterns. We walk the same streets and thus meet with the same visions time after time. This can cause us to stop seeing our surroundings and the environment around us. It is perhaps boring, mundane and non-exotic. This degree project is created to open people's eyes to the great things that are around us. Especially in these times, when the environment is at its breaking point and the virus covid-19 is spread around the world, it is required that we review our travel habits and the standards that apply to travelers. The project aims to examine how graphic design can help inspire people to explore and experience their local environment. Upptäck ditt Norrbotten is created to lift places and activities well worth a visit in the county.