En la actualidad el país ha ido aumentando el consumo de productos de cuidado e higiene personal, esto sucede por el crecimiento económico, el aumento de los ingresos de la población a lo largo de los años y que las personas buscan más información acerca de qué productos deben consumir según las tendencias. ¿Sabía usted que en un solo día una mujer puede consumir hasta 12 productos de limpieza con aproximadamente 100 ingredientes que son perjudiciales para la salud y el medio ambiente? Cada año se producen 120,000 mil millones de unidades de empaques de cosméticos y de limpieza personal y la mayoría para ser usados una sola vez. Es por eso, que en el mercado han ido ingresando muchas marcas internacionales al país y se han creado nuevas marcas a nivel nacional. Muchas de estas marcas que se encuentran en el mercado se han especializado para diferentes tipos de segmentos específicos, con características específicas como que sus productos están elaborados con insumos que cuiden tanto su bienestar físico como el del medio ambiente. Por este motivo, este trabajo de investigación se basó en proponer una alternativa de idea de negocio en donde los productos están elaborados con insumos y componentes libres de químicos y con un formato innovador.  Q´umir es una empresa encargada de la comercialización y fabricación de jabón, shampoo y acondicionador en sólido para diferentes tipos de piel y cabello (seca, grasa y mixta), le sumamos que utilizamos ingredientes naturales y ecológicos que brindan hidratación y firmeza. / Currently the country has been increasing the consumption of personal care and hygiene products, this is due to economic growth, the increase in the income of the population over the years and that people are looking for more information about what products they should consume according to trends. Did you know that in a single day a woman can consume up to 12 cleaning products with approximately 100 ingredients that are harmful to health and the environment? Every year 120 billion units of cosmetic and personal cleansing packaging are produced, and most are for one-time use. That is why, many international brands have entered the country in the market and new brands have been created at a national level. Many of these brands that are on the market have specialized for different types of specific segments, with specific characteristics such as that their products are made with inputs that take care of both their physical and environmental well-being. For this reason, this research work was based on proposing an alternative business idea where the products are made with inputs and components that are free from chemicals and with an innovative format. Q´umir is a company in charge of the commercialization and manufacture of soap, shampoo and conditioner in solid for different types of skin and hair (dry, oily and mixed), we add that we use natural and ecological ingredients that provide hydration and firmness for women. / Trabajo de investigación

Epidemiological data reveal that one of the most common diseases in the world is dental disease. Scientific knowledge is available to prevent the vast majority of dental disease. Thus, individuals are not taking the necessary action to prevent caries and periodontal disease. Dental professionals try to facilitate primary prevention of disease through education and the correction of skill deficits with patients. Still billions of dollars are spent each year in the treatment of these diseases. This presents a major health and economic liability and demonstrates a clear need to implement additional behavioral management techniques in the field of dentistry. This study implements two behavioral management strategies, self-monitoring and monetary incentives, in a free dental clinic to explore the effects of these treatments on subject"s dental flossing rate. / M.S.

Thesis (M. Tech. (Business administration)) - Central University of technology, Free State, 2013 / This study was necessitated by the fact that being labour intensive, hair salons provide partial solution to South Africa’s high unemployment, poverty and inequality problems hence need to be supported so that they can grow and continue performing their expected labour absorption role. Dr. Ruth Segomotsi Mompati district municipality in the North West Province of South Africa is a socio economically depressed area that depends on hair salons for employment. The prosperity of hair salons is therefore critical to the well-being of the inhabitants of the area. Unfortunately, proliferation of hair salon business in Dr. Ruth Segomotsi Mompati district municipality since the dawn of democracy in South Africa has created fierce competition for customers leading to lack of profitability and hair salons failures. While many reasons can account for business failure in the face of intense competitive environment, there is consensus from the literature that in the current information economy, appropriate management of records allows for quick access to reliable information and this is key to business success. In fact, resource-based view (RBV) of the firm suggests that a company’s quick access to reliable information that is contained in its resources allows that firm to gain sustainable competitive advantage that allows for superior performance. This calls for proper management of a company’s records. Accordingly, it is crucial that managers/owners of hair salons recognise the importance of good records management in their businesses in order to continuously have timely access to accurate information. Unfortunately, the researcher has informally observed a disturbing trend among some hair salons in Dr Ruth Mompati local municipality that flies in the face of what can be termed good records management. An informal visit to some of the salons in the region revealed an apparent laxity with which transactions were recorded. Worst still, Informal conversations with a few hair salons operators seem to suggests that records management may be a problem among hair salons as some even see it as more a liability than asset. This suggests that hair salons in Dr. Ruth Segomotsi Mompati district municipality might not be taking records management seriously. The question then is, how wide spread is this negative attitude towards records keeping in Dr Ruth Mompati local municipality? Or could this be the general sentiment in the hair salon industry as a whole? The purpose of this study was to assess the status of records management among hair salons in Dr. Ruth Segomotsi Mompati District Municipality. The key finding of this study is that most hair salons in Dr. Ruth Segomotsi Mompati district municipality do practice records management to a certain extent. However, there are certain records that hair salons in the area regard as of no importance and therefore are neglected. The study also revealed that those hair salons that engage in good records management outperform those that do not. The study further revealed that most of the salons keep paper records although they would prefer electronic format. Lack of access to computers was cited as the greatest problem in keeping electronic records. Details of the study including findings, conclusions and recommendations are presented and discussed in the main report.

Thesis (M. Tech. ( Business administration )) - Central University of technology, Free State, 2012 / Proliferation of the hair salon business in the Bophirima region has led to intense competition for customers and this can have unfortunate consequences for hair salon’s competitiveness hence survival and economic performance. The only choice left for hair salons in the words of owner/managers who were informally interviewed is to obtain accurate information on market trends and customer preferences so as to tailor products and services to meet customer preferences. From a strategic management perspective, it makes perfect sense that in the highly competitive arena that hair salons in the Bophirima find themselves, research on industry environment to obtain accurate information on market trends and customer preferences so as to tailor products and services that meet customer preferences is a must if they are to prosper. In other words, hair salons in the Bophirima region need to conduct marketing research if they must prosper. Conceptually, it is argued in this study that market research will reveal variables such as market demand, market opportunities, market threats, etc. which if scientifically analysed can produce information that can aid management in making informed decision that can lead to superior business performance. Unfortunately, there is the perception among the few hair salon operators informally interviewed in the Bophirima region that for small businesses such as hair salons, engaging in marketing research will be too expensive, cumbersome, and time consuming hence unnecessary. However, this perception may not be true as normative assertions and research evidence elsewhere suggests that for service organisations, regardless of size, marketing research leads to superior performance. The purpose of this study was to determine the status of marketing research within the hair salons in the Bophirima region and the impact that hair salon’s engagement in generally accepted (conventional) elements of marketing research activities have on the economic performance (as measured by profitability). Analysis of data obtained from 118 owner managers suggest that marketing research may not be something they engage in although they are very much aware of the business benefits of engaging in marketing research. The findings also suggest possible positive link between marketing research activity and profitability. Details of the research as well as conclusions and recommendations are presented and discussed in the report that follows.

The rhetoric of primary health care, health promotion and health service integration is ubiquitous in health policy development in post-apartheid South Africa. However the form in which oral health promotion elements have actually been incorporated into other areas of health care in South Africa and the extent to which they have been implemented, remains unclear. The central aim of this research was to critically analyse oral health promotion elements in health policies in South Africa and determine the extent to which they have been implemented. The study set out to test the hypothesis that oral health promotion is fully integrated into South African health policy and practice.

Medicalization has been discussed at length in the sociology of health and illness literature. Typically, dialogue has centered on the effects of medicalization and the process as a phenomenon in professional fields alone. This work is an attempt to study medicalization using a theoretical model, structuration, that allows for inclusion of the larger social system in understanding health system changes and to include consumers of health services in the process as active agents. The example of oral aesthetics provides an opportunity to identify the agents of change, the process of medicalization in the larger social context, and possible indicators of the phenomenon. An attempt to operationalize the complex concept of medicalization marks a move toward creating testable theoretical models for the variety of behaviors and conditions under study as medicalized. Using content analysis of professional dental journals and lay magazines and a review of system rules and resources, shifts in language use and the emergence of medical frameworks were documented to determine if a medicalization of oral aesthetics had occurred. Results show two distinct periods within the last century when oral aesthetics have been medicalized in the United States. Evidence of turn-taking behavior among the agents is noted as well as the relationship of technology and technological language to the process. A model for future testing is suggested that encompass the identified agents, the language and framework, and the elements of social context.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-07-18T11:44:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Regina Silvia Chaves de Lima.pdf: 1502566 bytes, checksum: 13df8f50607c72373833f47cbfb6de16 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-18T11:44:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Regina Silvia Chaves de Lima.pdf: 1502566 bytes, checksum: 13df8f50607c72373833f47cbfb6de16 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-26 / Introduction: Introduction: hand hygiene of health-care workers is the measure with the greatest impact on the effectiveness of prevention and control of infections related to the health-care system. This basic and easily implemented measure has been a worldwide challenge due to its low compliance, despite several strategies made by the World Health Organization. Objectives: the main goal was to evaluate the improvements in hand hygiene of medical students achieved by a DLP. The secondary objectives were to enable medicine students in hand hygiene, to assess hand hygiene training by DLP and to establish a collaboration between the hand hygiene training DLP and the hospital infection control program. Material and method: 99 students of the UNIFEV Medicine course were evaluated through a qualitative and quantitative approach and exploratory methods. The training consisted of six activities, being five online and one on-site. The first was the application of a multiple-choice test with summative evaluation to survey the previous knowledge of the students. The second was carried out through a discussion forum, with a focus on raising the awareness of health professionals to improve compliance – the evaluation was qualitative. In the third a reapplication of the multiple-choice test was performed with automatic feedback by the system. The fourth was practical – the participants analyzed two videos published on the platform. This analysis should be performed in accordance with the eleven steps of the hand hygiene technique recommended by the Brazilian Ministry of Health, identifying the shortcomings in the videos. In the fifth the students had to prepare their own hand sanitation video following the proposed technique – the evaluation included individual feedback. The sixth evaluation was performed on site and carried a Structured Objective Clinical Examination in a simulated situation, in which the student should report the appropriate moments for hand hygiene. Afterwards the students demonstrated the hand hygiene technique and received instantenous individual feedback. Results: among the 99 students enrolled, eight students did not attend (8.1%), 84 students (92.3%; N=91) passed, and seven (7.7%; N=91) failed for not completing all required activities. The first activity presented the average score of 8.00 among all participants. In the second activity, healthcare education and ratings of infection control were the factors with the greatest impact on awareness. Implementing the trainings was the most frequent proposal of the participants to improve awareness. The third, fourth, fifth and sixth activities respectively had average scores of 8.50, 6.50, 9.80 and 9.60 among the students. Conclusion: the participants presented a good performance in the evaluation of previous knowledge, which suggests an adequate theoretical learning in the medicine graduation course. The discussions and reflections were coherent, with feasible proposals, for implementation to improve compliance. The evaluation of handwashing ability initially presented a poor performance, despite the theoretical knowledge being satisfactory. There was a gap between "knowing" and "demonstrating how it is done", revealing the need to implement activities that contemplate the skill of hand hygiene in the curriculum. Several evaluation methods were used, the predominant being the formative evaluation associated with feedback, which contributed to a meaningful learning throughout the training, in which the student demonstrated "how to be done". The modality of DLPs as a fundamental tool in curricular and extracurricular activities should be considered for hand hygiene training as well as its implementation in hospital infection control / Introdução: a higienização das mãos do profissional de saúde é a medida de maior impacto na eficácia da prevenção e controle de infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde. Medida básica e de simples execução, vem sendo um desafio mundial pela sua baixa adesão, apesar de várias estratégias utilizadas pela Organização Mundial da Saúde. Objetivos: avaliar a aprendizagem na capacitação em higiene das mãos, em acadêmicos do curso de Medicina, por meio de EaD. Os objetivos específicos foram de capacitar estudantes de Medicina em higienização das mãos; avaliar uma capacitação de higiene de mãos em EaD e colaborar com o programa de controle de infecção hospitalar com uma capacitação de higiene de mãos por meio da EaD. Material e método: foram incluídos 99 acadêmicos do curso de Medicina UNIFEV, com uma abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa, de forma exploratória. A capacitação foi composta por seis atividades, cinco online, sendo a sexta presencial. A primeira foi a aplicação de questões de múltipla escolha, com avaliação somativa, para a análise dos conhecimentos prévios dos acadêmicos. A segunda foi realizada por meio de um Fórum de discussão, com abordagem na sensibilização dos profissionais de saúde para melhorar a sua apreensão, a avaliação foi qualitativa. Na terceira, foi realizada a reaplicação das questões de múltipla escolha com feedback automático pelo sistema. A quarta foi prática; os participantes fizeram uma análise de dois vídeos publicados na plataforma. Esta análise deveria ser de acordo com os onze passos da técnica de higiene das mãos preconizados pelo Ministério da Saúde, referenciando-se as inadequações apresentadas por estes, na plataforma. Na quinta foi proposto para que os acadêmicos elaborassem um vídeo de higienização das mãos, seguindo a técnica proposta, a avaliação incluiu feedback individual. A sexta avaliação foi presencial com realização de um Exame Clínico Objetivo Estruturado (OSCE), com simulação de situação real, na qual o acadêmico deveria relatar os momentos oportunos para higienização das mãos. Posteriormente, os estudantes demonstraram a técnica da higiene das mãos, com realização de feedback individual e oportuno. Resultados: dentre os 99 acadêmicos inscritos, houve desistência de oito acadêmicos (8,1%), aprovação de 84 acadêmicos (92,3%; N=91) e sete reprovas (7,7%; N=9) por não realizarem as atividades propostas. A primeira atividade apresentou como resultado a nota média de 8,00 entre os participantes. Na segunda, os indicadores de controle de infecções e a educação em saúde foram os fatores de maior impacto na sensibilização. Implementar as capacitações foi a proposta mais frequente dos participantes para melhorar a sensibilização. A terceira, quarta, quinta e sexta atividades obtiveram respectivamente notas médias de 8,5; 6,5; 9,80 e 9,60 entre os acadêmicos. Conclusão: os acadêmicos apresentaram um bom desempenho na avaliação de conhecimento prévio, que sugeriu uma abordagem teórica adequada na graduação do curso de Medicina. As discussões e reflexões foram coerentes, com propostas factíveis, nas ações para melhoria da adesão. A avaliação da habilidade da lavagem das mãos apresentou inicialmente um baixo desempenho, apesar do conhecimento teórico ter-se apresentado satisfatório. Notou-se uma lacuna entre o “saber” e o “demonstrar como se faz”, revelando a necessidade de implementação de atividades que contemplem a habilidade de higienização das mãos na grade curricular. Diversos métodos para avaliação foram utilizados, a predominante foi a avaliação formativa associada ao feedback, que colaborou para uma aprendizagem significativa ao longo da capacitação, em que os acadêmicos demonstraram neste momento o “fazer”. A modalidade de EaD, enquanto ferramenta fundamental nas atividades curriculares e extracurriculares, deve ser considerada para capacitações de higiene das mãos, e sua implementação em programas de controle de infecção hospitalar

Bibliography : leaves 251-277. / viii, 295 leaves : / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Examines the epidemiology of eye disease in Anangu Pitjantjatjara people of South Australia. The ethical issues of research in Aboriginal communities is discussed with reference to the handling and ownership of data. / Thesis (M.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Community Medicine, 1994

This study reviews the three-year Bachelor of Dental Therapy curriculum, which was introduced at the University of KwaZulu-Natal in 1980. The dental therapist was introduced to the health care system during the apartheid era, to improve access to basic dental services to disadvantaged sectors of the population. However thirty years later, this situation has not improved. Therefore the purpose of this study is to evaluate the dental therapy curriculum offered at this university, to determine whether it is able to produce graduates who are adequately prepared to practice competently, according to the scope of practice prescribed by the regulatory body, and to meet the oral health needs of the population. To conduct a comprehensive evaluation, it was necessary to evaluate the multiple influences on this curriculum. As a result, the Hicks model called Typical Influences on Curriculum was selected to serve as the theoretical framework. This resulted in the use of the mixed methods research approach. Pragmatism was consequently selected to form the philosophical foundation of this study due to the fact that it allowed for the combination of methodological tools to answer the research questions. The first question defined the role of the dental therapist in the health care system. Qualitative interviews with all stakeholders who are associated with this profession, in the context of the needs of the country, provided the answer to this question. The second question, on how the curriculum prepared its graduates to perform this role, was conducted by a combination of methods. The evaluation of the form and content of the curriculum, and the training facilities, were combined with the interviews conducted with students, graduates and academics, on their perceptions of the educational process and the competence of graduates. The third question about the perceptions of stakeholders on the appropriateness of training and clinical competence was established by qualitative interviews. This led to the development of the inferences and recommendations for this study. The overall inference was that the dental therapy curriculum did not produce appropriately-trained graduates to meet the needs and challenges of South Africa. This resulted in the development of a new curriculum evaluation model for health science education, which was considered to be an extension of the Hicks model. Recommendations were also made on how this model could be implemented with respect to the dental therapy curriculum. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Edgewood, 2011.

The rhetoric of primary health care, health promotion and health service integration is ubiquitous in health policy development in post-apartheid South Africa. However the form in which oral health promotion elements have actually been incorporated into other areas of health care in South Africa and the extent to which they have been implemented, remains unclear. The central aim of this research was to critically analyse oral health promotion elements in health policies in South Africa and determine the extent to which they have been implemented. The study set out to test the hypothesis that oral health promotion is fully integrated into South African health policy and practice.