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Got Hair that Flows in the Wind: The Complexity of Hair and Identity among African American Female Adolescents in Foster CareMitchell Dove, Lakindra Michelle 22 May 2015 (has links)
African American children are disproportionately over-represented in the child welfare system. Many of these children linger in the system and experience disconnection from their biological families, communities, cultural beliefs, values, and practices. Familial socialization and cultural exposure are essential to developing a positive ethnic identity and self-concept. For African American female adolescents, hair and hair care are critical areas for such socialization and support. This qualitative study explored the hair and hair care perceptions and experiences of African American female adolescents in foster care. The goal was to examine hair and hair's connection to, and influence on, sense of self and self-esteem for African American female adolescents in foster care.
Eleven African American female adolescents participated in individual interviews, and grounded theory was used to analyze the data. Four major themes emerged: hair care, perception of hair and identity as an African American female, societal influences on self-awareness, and influence of the foster care system. Results from the study indicated African American female adolescents in foster care identify hair as important. Participants noted hair is connected to appearance and shapes who they are and how they view themselves as African American females. Participants addressed the complexity of hair and politics associated with hair. The findings further emphasized the role of racial socialization and the importance of a supportive hair care environment. Participants also discussed their awareness of societal influences on their perception of African American women. They offered recommendations for improving the hair care experiences of African American children in foster care, for supporting positive development of identity and self-esteem, and for implementing standards of practice that will ensure these youths' cultural needs are addressed in the child welfare system.
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An analysis of the Somatology programme offered at South African Universities of Technology to determine whether it meets the needs of industryRammanhor, Kiveshni 11 March 2015 (has links)
Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Master’s Degree in Technology: Somatology, Durban University of Technology, 2014 / The beginning of the 20th century presented the Somatology profession with unprecedented challenges of acquiring a scientific base and achieving professionalisation. It is in this milieu that a few research studies were previously undertaken with regard to Somatology education however, none particularly focused in relation to areas that are preparing graduates for industry. The current study was a national study that explored the existing National Diploma offering through the lens of students, educators and members of the Durban University of Technology’s Advisory Board. In particular, it focused on developing broad guidelines to guide academics on what further content was required to be integrated into the current Somatology education. A triangulated approach using both quantitative and qualitative methods was used to guide the operationalisation of the research process.
Five Universities of Technology participated in the study, viz. Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Central University of Technology, Durban University of Technology, Tshwane University of Technology and the University of Johannesburg. Third year and B.Tech students were surveyed with regard to the current Somatology Programme and what further aspects needed to be integrated into it to better prepare graduates for industry. In addition, in-depth interviews were also held with ten academics, two from each University of Technology, to examine what they thought needed to be included in education to strengthen the current programme. The same was done through a focus group discussion with members of the Durban University of Technology Advisory Board.
A programme analysis of current content being taught at the five Universities was also undertaken. The results reflected that although most of the samples were satisfied with the current educational programme, they still believed that gaps existed and that graduates were still not adequately prepared for industry. It was found that both students and educators saw the need for more therapies to be included in the training. Both educators and the Advisory Board sample also saw the need for a stronger emphasis to be placed on practical skill development. The Advisory Board sample also strongly articulated for training to occur in an industry context as opposed to the University based experiential setting. Using data from these multiple samples, a set of guidelines was developed and presented. These guidelines were based on what further therapies needed to be integrated into education. The Duke Integrative Medicines Wheel of Health was adopted as the theoretical framework of the study. It was also utilised to identify specific areas that needed to be interwoven into education to further strengthen graduates’ preparedness for industry.
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A systematic review of the management of oral candidiasis associated with HIV/AIDSAlbougy, Hany Ahed 03 1900 (has links)
On t.p.: Degree MSc Dental Science (Community Dentistry) / Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT:
The purpose of this review was to investigate the management of oral candidiasis in
HIV/AIDS patients and to evaluate the different guidelines that are available for its
management. To achieve this aim, three objectives were identified: (i) to identify and
report on the different interventions used to manage oral candidiasis, in patients with
HIV/AIDS, (ii) to determine the efficacy of these interventions, and (iii) to provide
guidelines for management. A thorough systematic search of the literature was carried
out and all relevant papers were graded into three levels of evidence (A, B, and C) and
scored for quality according to set criteria.
A number of topical and systemic antifungal medications are used to treat oral
candidiasis in HIV-positive patients. These include the poleyne antibiotics, nystatin and
amphotericin B. Milder episodes of oral candidiasis respond to topical therapy with
nystatin, clotrimazole troches or oral ketoconazole. Fluconazole has been extensively
evaluated as a treatment for candidiasis. With HIV-infection, a cure rate of 82% has
been achieved with a daily oral dose of 50 mg. Fluconazole was found to be a better
choice of treatment for relapsing oropharyngeal candidiasis, resulting in either better
cure rates or better prevention of relapse. Intravenous amphotericin B has been found to
be effective therapy in azole refractory candidiasis where it was shown to be safe and
well tolerated.
Topical therapies were found to be effective treatment for uncomplicated oropharyngeal
candidiasis, however patients relapsed more quickly than those treated with oral
systemic antifungal therapy. Overall, nystatin appears less effective than clotrimazole
and the azoles in the treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis. With regard to the resolution of clinical symptoms, clotrimazole was found to be just as effective as
the azoles, except when patient compliance was poor. Fluconazole-treated patients were
more likely to remain disease-free during the fluconazole follow-up period than with
those treated with other interventions.
Relatively few studies were qualified to address the provision of guidelines for the
management of oral candidiasis in primary health care settings. Most of the studies
found were of moderate and low quality level of evidence. These studies included the
assessment of different guidelines for identification, treatment and dental needs. They
stressed that patients with HN need dentists who will act as primary health care
providers, together with other providers to ensure adequate overall care.
Given the level of interest and importance of candidiasis associated with treatment of
HN -positive patients, it is surprising to find that little high quality research has been
undertaken. As such, it is hoped that this review would provide researchers, oral health
care workers and other health care providers with an overview of the management of
oral candidiasis associated with HN/AIDS. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING:
Die doelstelling van die oorsig was om ondersoek in te stel na die hantering van orale kandidiase in
HIV/AIDS pasiënte asook om die verskillende beskikbare riglyne vir die behandeling daarvan te
evalueer. Ter verwesenliking van hierdie doelstelling is drie doelwitte geïdentifiseer: (i) om die
intervensies wat gebruik word in die hantering van orale kandidiase behandeling te identifiseer, (ii)
om die effektiwiteit van hierdie intervensies te identifiseer en (iii) om op grond hiervan riglyne vir
die hantering voor te stel. 'n Sistematiese literatuursoektog is uitgevoer en alle relevante artikels is
in drie groepe geklassifiseer (A, B en C) op grond van die data kwaliteit.
'n Verskeidenheid topikale en sistemiese antifungale middels word gebruik om orale kandidiase in
HIV-positiewe pasiënte te behandel. 'n Sukseskoers van 82% is met die gebruik van 'n daaglikse
dosis van 50 mg medikament gerapporteer. Fluconazole was die beter keuse van middel vir die
behandeling van terugkerende orofaringeale kandidiase.
Topikale behandeling was effektief in die behandeling van ongekompliseerde orofaringeale
kandidiase, hoewel die kans op terugkeer van die toestand groter was as met die sistemiese middels.
Pasiënte wat met flukonasool behandel is, het 'n groter kans gehad om siektevry te bly vergeleke
met pasiënte op die ander intervensies.
Meeste van die studies was van middelmatige tot lae kwaliteit en gevolglik was dit moeilik om
behandelingsriglyne te stel. Wat egter wel duidelik is, is dat HIV pasiënte primêre mondsorg
benodig wat saam met ander versorging omvattende sorg sal verseker.
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Factors associated with noncompliance to hand hygiene standards among nurses at one hospital in Windhoek, NamibiaMugweni, Rabecca 10 1900 (has links)
The purpose of this study was to describe factors associated with noncompliance to hand hygiene standards among nurses in one public hospital in Windhoek, Namibia. A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional research design was employed using a stratified sample comprising three categories of nurses (registered, enrolled and auxiliary nurses). Data collection was done using a structured questionnaire.
Based on the results, there were more institutional than individual factors associated with noncompliance to hand hygiene. Compliance to hand hygiene was found to be lowest when nurses provide care for patients in non-isolation rooms, when the perceived risk of acquiring infection from patients was low and following brief encounters with patients. Dryness of the skin caused by hand hygiene agents and lack of active participation in hand hygiene promotion at individual level contributed to noncompliance to hand hygiene among nurses. In addition, the results showed that, institutionally there were no rewards/encouragement for hand hygiene, no sanctions for non-compliers and no workshops, seminars and continuing educational courses on hand hygiene.
The study produced interesting insights into the vital role that good leadership plays in the implementation of hand hygiene policy guidelines. The key recommendations for this study included development of good leadership, characterized by dedication for hygiene standards to encourage staff to maintain hygiene practice and to ensure that there are adequate resources for the implementation of hand hygiene policy as well as rewards/incentives for compliers and sanctions for noncompliers / Health Studies / M.A. (Nursing Science)
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Determinants of seeking eye care services among Grade 8 to 12 learners in Giyani, South AfricaMulungwa, Justice 05 1900 (has links)
MPH / Department of Public Health / See the attached abstract below
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Investigations of the anti-caries potential of fluoride varnishesAl Dehailan, Laila Adel 12 November 2015 (has links)
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The majority of currently marketed fluoride varnishes (FV) have not been
evaluated for their effectiveness in preventing dental caries. Fundamental research on
FVs and how different formulations affect adherence to teeth, fluoride release into saliva
and uptake by teeth is virtually non-existent. The objective of this work was to
investigate the anti-caries potential, measured as fluoride release into saliva, change in
surface microhardness of early enamel caries lesions, and enamel fluoride uptake,
of multiple commercially available FVs. We have found that FVs differed in their release
characteristics, rehardening capability, and ability to deliver fluoride to demineralized
lesions. In addition to our in vitro work, we have conducted a clinical study that aimed to
compare saliva and plaque fluid fluoride concentrations following the application of three
commercially available FV treatments at predetermined post application time points. We
also investigated the change in fluoride concentration in saliva and plaque fluid fluoride
from baseline to each post application predetermined time point. We found that FVs
varied in their release of fluoride into saliva and plaque fluid but shared common trends
in release characteristics. The outcomes of our in vitro and in vivo investigations
demonstrate a great variation in anti-caries potential of FVs. This may be attributed
to different compositions and physical properties of the tested FVs.
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The Association between Sleep Patterns and Singing Voice Quality during the COVID-19 PandemicSimmons, Erica Vernice 08 1900 (has links)
This study investigated the associations between sleep patterns and singing voice quality in 231 adult singers of various skill levels across the United States. The four-part survey using a general questionnaire on demographics, musical background, vocal health, and three established survey instruments: the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Singing Voice Handicap Index-10 (SVHI-10), and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) found that while scores were worse than normative values for the PSQI and the SVHI-10, a Pearson correlation between the two showed a moderate association. A linear regression also yielded that 8.9% of the variance in SVHI-10 scores could be predicted from PSQI scores. While further research is needed in this area, this study suggests that the amount of sleep needed for an optimal singing voice may be different from the amount needed to feel well-rested for some singers. Moreover, singers may overestimate the influence of sleep on their singing voices.
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New TEKS Health Standards: Awareness, Perceived Knowledge, and Perceived Competency among Choral Music Educators in TexasBurrows, Gideon C. 08 1900 (has links)
In this study, I examined the awareness, perceptions of required knowledge, and perceived competency of Texas secondary choral music educators concerning the new musician health objectives included in the revised Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills standards (TEKS). A secondary purpose of this study was to identify the activities and variables that promote the development of these characteristics and prepare educators to address the standards in their instruction. Using a researcher-designed web-based survey instrument, I gathered data from participants who were actively teaching choir in secondary public schools in the state of Texas (N = 183). As part of the survey, participants reported the highest degree they had attained and field of study, the completion of choral methods and vocal pedagogy courses during their training, participation in professional development, and years of teaching experience. Findings revealed that a majority of participants (53.01%) were not aware of the health-related standards prior to taking the survey. A majority also did not consider each objective as required curricular components (hydration: 69.95%, vocal health: 39.89%, body mechanics: 61.75%, hearing protection: 68.85%, hygienic practice: 69.96%). Participants did rate themselves highly for perceived competency, a measure including adherence to competent practices and views of personal ability. There were no statistically significant main effects observed for any variable on awareness and perceptions of knowledge. I did observe significant main effects of degree level and major, professional development participation, and completion of a choral methods course for measures of perceived competency.
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A critical analysis of the South African health policies and programmes with regard to eye health promotionSithole, Hlupheka Lawrence 05 1900 (has links)
D. Litt et Phil. (Literature and Philosophy) / Eye health promotion is an important aspect of VISION 2020 campaign that aims to eliminate unwarranted cases of avoidable blindness worldwide by the year 2020. Most developing countries, including South Africa, have a serious burden of eye diseases and unwarranted causes of visual impairment and blindness. The purpose of this research therefore was to highlight the lack of an integrated eye health promotion policy in the South African primary health care system which can play a major role in the elimination of this burden of disease and also to make proposals for eye health promotion policy development in South Africa.
A combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods was used in this study. Questionnaires and interviews were conducted with all national and provincial health managers of portfolios relevant to eye care. Also, various health policy documents were requested from the National and Provincial Department of Health to ascertain claims of any existing guidelines on eye care. The policy documents and guidelines obtained had no specific reference to eye health promotion.
Only 11 (23%) of the managers of provincial health directorates reported that they have integrated vision screening in their health promotion programmes as part of eye health promotion strategies. Eye care managers in the provinces reported that school visits accounted for 75% of eye health promotion programmes target areas. Also, apart from the Northern Cape Province which has no eye care manager and consequently no eye health promotion programmes, the Western Cape Province also does not have eye health promotion programmes and relies mostly on private sector for eye care services.
The lack of an integrated eye health promotion policy and most probably the lack of a dedicated directorate that deals with eye health promotion issues may be a contributing factor to the overwhelming lack of integrated eye health promotion activities in South Africa. It is therefore recommended that an integrated eye health promotion model be developed and be part of the South African primary health care system. / Health Studies
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Oral health knowledge of caregivers and parents of mentally impaired and physically disabled pre-school children in Hong KongShaboodien, Shabier Ibrahim. January 1998 (has links)
published_or_final_version / Dentistry / Master / Master of Dental Surgery
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