STUDY OBJECTIVES: We sought to evaluate the construct validity and factor structure of the Spanish-language version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) among pregnant Peruvian women. METHODS: A cohort of 642 women were interviewed at ≤ 16 weeks of gestation. During interview, we ascertained information about lifestyles, demographics, sleep characteristics, and mood symptoms. Stress induced sleep disturbance, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms were evaluated using the Ford Insomnia Response to Stress Test (FIRST), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) assessment scales, respectively. Consistency indices, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, correlations, and logistic regressions were used. RESULTS: Both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses indicated a three-factor solution: sleep quality, sleep efficiency, and sleep medication. We observed significantly positive correlations of the PSQI with the FIRST (0.42), the PHQ-9 (0.49), and the GAD-7 (0.46). Poor sleepers (PSQI global score > 5) had significantly increased odds of experiencing stress-induced sleep disturbance (odds ratio, OR = 3.57; 95% CI: 2.40, 5.31), depression (OR = 5.48; 95% CI: 3.58, 8.37), and generalized anxiety disorder (OR = 4.57; 95% CI: 3.08, 6.76). CONCLUSION: The Spanish-language version of the PSQI instrument was found to have good construct validity among pregnant Peruvian women. Consistent with some other studies, the PSQI was found to have a three-factor structure. Further assessment and validation studies are needed to determine whether the three, factor-specific scoring of the PSQI is favored over the PSQI global score in diverse populations.

Plusieurs études ont montré que la prévalence des troubles du sommeil dans la population âgée de 65 ans et plus se situait entre 25 et 50%. Les benzodiazépines sont les médicaments les plus souvent prescrits pour traiter les problèmes de sommeil. La prévalence de la consommation de benzodiazépines chez les personnes âgées se situe à près de 25%. Le Collège des Médecins du Québec préconise une utilisation de benzodiazépines pour une durée maximale de trois mois.Plusieurs études rapportent toutefois que la durée moyenne de consommation de benzodiazépines est bien supérieure à la période recommandée et on possède peu d'information sur l'efficacité populationnelle à long terme de ces médicaments pour réduire les troubles du sommeil. Le but de ce mémoire était d'étudier le lien entre la consommation de benzodiazépines et la qualité de sommeil chez les personnes âgées de plus de 65 ans vivant à domicile au Québec. Pour atteindre cet objectif, deux études ont été réalisées et les résultats sont présentés sous forme d'articles. La première étude visait à documenter le lien entre la consommation de benzodiazépines et la qualité globale du sommeil ainsi que ses différentes composantes. La deuxième avait pour but d'étudier le lien entre la consommation de benzodiazépines et l'évolution de la qualité du sommeil sur une période de 12 mois. Pour répondre à ces objectifs, les données utilisées provenaient de l'Enquête sur la Santé des Aînés (ESA). L'ESA utilise un devis longitudinal avec entrevue à deux temps de mesures à un an d'intervalle auprès de 2798 sujets. Dans le cadre de la première étude, nous avons utilisé le premier temps de mesure de l'ESA et la consommation médicamenteuse était auto-rapportée par l'ensemble des participants. Pour la deuxième étude, nous avons étudié un sous-échantillon de 892 personnes participant aux deux temps de mesure de l'ESA et pour lesquelles les données sur la délivrance de benzodiazépines étaient disponibles via le registre sur la consommation médicamenteuse de la régie de l'assurance maladie du Québec. La qualité du sommeil était auto-rapportée à l'aide du questionnaire Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Des analyses de modélisation d'équations structurales ont été effectuées à l'aide du logiciel Lisrel 8,8. Le premier article montre que les facteurs les plus fortement associés à une mauvaise qualité de sommeil chez les personnes âgées sont la consommation de benzodiazépines et le sexe féminin. D'autre part, la consommation de benzodiazépines était associée de façon similaire à chacune des six composantes de la qualité du sommeil mesurées à l'aide du PSQI exception faite de la composante liée aux dysfonctionnements diurnes. Le deuxième article montre que la fréquence de consommation de benzodiazépines durant les 12 mois suivant le temps 1 de l'enquête ESA est associée à une diminution de la qualité de sommeil chez les gens qui ne souffraient pas de troubles du sommeil initialement. Chez les personnes âgées qui souf fraient d'une mauvaise qualité de sommeil au départ, le sommeil est de meilleure qualité après un an. Cette amélioration de la qualité du sommeil est toutefois moins importante chez les consommateurs de benzodiazépines que chez les personnes âgées ne consommant pas ces médicaments. Cette étude suggère donc un effet néfast de la consommation de benzodiazépines sur la qualité de sommeil des personnes âgées. Nous proposons que d'autres études soient réalisées auprès de sujets nouvellement exposés aux benzodiazépines (cas incidents) afin de vérifier la relation délétère suggérée par nos travaux entre la consommation de benzodiazépines à long terme et la qualité de sommeil chez les personnes âgées.

Background: Epidemiologic evidence supports the association between shiftwork and the development of cardiovascular disease. Sleep disturbances are associated with a variety of adverse cardiometabolic outcomes and they may lie on the causal pathway between the exposure to shiftwork and cardiovascular disease. Objectives: 1) To describe sleep quality in a group of shift-working and day-working female hospital employees; 2) To determine the association between shiftwork status and sleep disturbances in this group and to determine the effect of lifetime exposure to shiftwork on current sleep disturbances; and 3) To explore whether sleep disturbances mediate the relationship between shiftwork and cardiometabolic risk. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among female hospital employees: participants were 132 women working only during the day, and 98 women who worked a shift schedule of two 12-hour days, followed by two 12-hour nights and five days off. Sleep quality was assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire. The primary outcome of interest was the metabolic syndrome defined in accordance with the 2009 Joint Interim Studies consensus statement. Results: Shiftwork was associated with poor sleep latency (odds ratio (OR)= 2.08 95% CI: 1.11-3.92), poor sleep efficiency (OR=2.35 95% CI: 1.21- 4.54), and poor global sleep quality (OR=1.88 95% CI: 1.02-3.49), while the impact of past shiftwork history was inconclusive. The OR for the association of shiftwork with the metabolic syndrome was 2.00 (95% CI: 0.89-4.51), and there was no evidence of mediation by sleep disturbances in the relationship of shiftwork and the metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: In this study, a rapid forward rotating 2-shift system is associated with self-reported poor sleep quality, while the long-term effects of sleep disturbances on cardiometabolic risk requires further study. / Thesis (Master, Community Health & Epidemiology) -- Queen's University, 2013-09-24 21:16:38.768

The purpose of this secondary data analysis was to assess for the relationships among sleep disturbances, depressive symptoms, inflammatory markers, and sexual trauma in female veterans. This may contribute to an understanding of the physical and mental health effects of sexual trauma in female veterans. Correlational analyses were conducted to evaluate the strength of these relationships. A reported history of sexual trauma was significantly correlated with longer sleep latencies, poorer sleep efficiency, shorter sleep durations, more daytime dysfunction, and poorer overall sleep quality in female veterans. A reported history of sexual trauma was also significantly correlated with depressive symptoms including anhedonia and a negative affect in female veterans. No significant correlations were noted between inflammatory markers and a reported history of sexual trauma in female veterans. Female veterans with a reported history of sexual trauma had more trouble falling and staying asleep, had more trouble functioning during daytime hours, and had total poorer sleep quality. These veterans also appeared depressed and they found normally pleasurable activities unenjoyable. Disturbed sleep and depressive symptoms may be risk factors in the development of chronic health diseases. By assessing and treating the sleep disturbances and depressive symptoms experienced by sexually traumatized female veterans, nurses may help to prevent the development of costly and deadly chronic diseases

PURPOSE: To compare the characteristics of cancer patients in Taiwan who use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) to cancer patients who do not use CAM and determine the predictors of quality of life (QoL) among cancer patients who use CAM. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Face-to-face interviews were conducted with and 3 questionnaires (the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Core Questionnaire, the Brief Fatigue Inventory, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) were administered to 216 cancer patients being treated at the Nuclear Medicine Department in southern Taiwan. Chi-square testing for categorical variables and t-testing for continuous variables were conducted to determine the correlation between sociodemographic and clinical data and CAM use. Analysis of variance was performed to conduct within-group comparison of QoL scales and CAM use. Linear regression models were established to predict QoL score. RESULTS: A total of 216 cancer patients were interviewed. The prevalence of CAM use was found to be 69.4% (150 of 216 subjects). Among the CAM users, 91.6% had used traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), dietary supplementation (vitamin, herbal, mineral, glucosamine, mushroom, and/or fish oil supplementation), or detoxification therapy. A greater percentage (49.5%) of CAM users had breast cancer than any other type of cancer, and a very large percentage (74.7%) did not inform their primary caregiver of their CAM use, whereas 52.7% used CAM after initiation of diagnosis and 26.7% increased the original frequency of their CAM use during the course of their treatment. Overall QoL was not found to be significantly different between CAM users and nonusers. Predictors of poor QoL were female gender, breast or liver cancer patient, younger age, lower education, chemotherapy, increased frequency of CAM use, non-vitamin/TCM use, and having received CAM information from primary caregiver. The factors of CAM use, number of CAM modalities used, frequency of CAM use, duration of cancer diagnosis, mineral/algae supplementation, and detoxification therapy were not found to be significant in this population. CONCLUSION: Cancer patients in Taiwan have a high rate of CAM use but a low rate of disclosure of CAM use to their primary caregivers. Multiple factors appear to have a significant correlation with poor QoL. Clinical physicians should emphasize the QoL of cancer survivors, providing more accurate CAM information and endeavoring to address their unmet needs.

Self-report retrospective estimates of sleep behaviors are not as accurate as prospective estimates from sleep diaries, but are more practical for epidemiological studies. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the validity of retrospective measures and improve upon them. The current study compared sleep diaries to two self-report retrospective measures of sleep, the commonly used Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and a newly developed sleep questionnaire (SQ), which assessed weekday and weekend sleep separately. It was hypothesized that the new measure would be more accurate than the PSQI because it accounts for variability in sleep throughout the week. The relative accuracy of the PSQI and SQ in obtaining estimates of total sleep time (TST), sleep efficiency (SE), and sleep onset latency (SOL) was examined by comparing their mean differences from, and correlations with, estimates obtained by the sleep diaries. Correlations of the PSQI and SQ with the sleep diaries were moderate, with the SQ having significantly stronger correlations on the parameters of TST, SE, and sleep quality ratings. The SQ also had significantly smaller mean differences from sleep diaries on SOL and SE. The overall pattern of results indicated that the SQ performs better than the PSQI when compared to sleep diaries.

In early 2020, many businesses (including gyms) were instructed to shut down for an unspecified period of time as a response to the SARS-CoV-2 virus (Casagrande et al., 2020, p.1; Erskine, M., 2020, para.1; O’Brien, 2020, Gyms and Health Centers section, para.1-16). As a result, many people experienced a change in how much they exercised and the quality and quantity of their sleep (Antunes et al., 2020, pp.3,5; Bigalke et al., 2020, p.7; Cellini et al., 2021, pp.113- 115, 117; Constandt et al., 2020, p.4; Pérez-Carbonell et al., 2020, pp.164, 166; Puccinelli et al., 2021, p.6). There was also an increase in the levels of negative mental states, such as anxiety and depression in various populations (Daly et al., 2020, pp.2-5). This study primarily explored changes in exercise and sleep (quality and quantity) as a result of the pandemic in a highly athletic adult population of rowers and triathletes. The data collected from the study also touched upon the changes in the mental states of the participants. A survey was sent across Canada to rowing and triathlon clubs from SurveyMonkey that had both qualitative and quantitative questions to examine these areas of contention. A majority of participants indicated that their sleep quality had worsened as a result the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there wasn’t enough evidence to indicate that the pandemic affected the length of their sleep. The athletic performance of the athletes, as measured by self-report, decreased during the pandemic in an overwhelming number of participants. Finally, although there were many indications of worsened mental health states (such as reports of increased anxiety), there wasn’t a validated questionnaire used to measure changes in mental health concerns in the population related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Some mental health concerns that were shared by the participants indicated other causes than only the pandemic. Future research should include more objective measures of sleep duration and anxiety and depression scores to better clarify those hypotheses. / Graduate

Miego sutrikimai yra vienas labiausiai paplitusių nūdienos medicininių nusiskundimų. Paskutiniu metu miego medicina domimasi vis labiau, keičiasi gydytojų ir visuomenės supratimas apie miegą, jo sutrikimus, ligas ir negalavimus, susijusius su miegu. Vienas iš svarbesnių ir labai varginančių sutrikimų yra miegas be poilsio jausmo. Mokslininkai iki šiol diskutuoja, kas lemia poilsio jausmą po miego. Pastaruoju metu nemažai dėmesio skiriama miego vientisumo ir suskaldymo reikšmės poilsio jausmui tyrimams. Manoma, kad miego fragmentacija – miego suskaidymas dažnais trumpais nubudimais – mažina jo atstatomąją vertę, ypač smegenims. Pagrindinis darbo tikslas buvo išnagrinėti miego struktūrą ir kokybę per miego ciklus, fazes ir stadijas bei įvertinti miego struktūros ryšį su poilsio jausmu po miego nepriklausomai nuo nemigos tipo. Buvo nagrinėjami trijų tipų – elgesiniai, vegetaciniai ir žieviniai mikro – nubudimai ir jų dinamika nakties metu, skirtinguose miego cikluose ir stadijose. Subjektyviai vertinama miego kokybė buvo analizuojama pasitelkus Pitsburgo miego kokybės indeksą. Darbo rezultatai parodė, kad miego stabilumas nakties pradžioje turi didesnę įtaką subjektyviam miego kokybės jausmui negu miegas nakties pabaigoje. Nubudimų indekso dydžiui reikšmingos įtakos turi miego stadija ir nubudimo tipas, nepriklausomai nuo miego ciklo, o didžiausią įtaką poilsio jausmui turi visų tipų nubudimų, ypač žievinių mikronubudimų, indeksų padidėjimas antroje lėtojo miego stadijoje. / Sleep disorders are one of the most common medical complaints today. There is a growing interest in sleep medicine, attitude of doctors and society is changing and knowledge about sleep and its disorders is increasing. One of the most tedious and understudied sleep problems is non-restorative sleep. Researchers are still debating about what determines persons rest sense after the sleep. A lot of attention recently is paid for sleep integrity and a role of sleep fragmentation for the rest sense. It is thought that sleep fragmentation with short arousals could have effect on the sleeps restorative function. The aim of our study was to analyze sleep structure and sleep quality through sleep cycles, phases and stages and to evaluate structure’s relationship with subjective sense of rest after the sleep without paying attention to the type of insomnia. We have analysed three types of arousals (behavioural, vegetative and microarousals) and their dynamics during the night, in different sleep cycles and stages. Subjective sleep quality was evaluated using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index. Work results showed that for the subjective sense of rest after the sleep it is more important the stability of sleep in the initial than in the last sleep cycles. Sleep stage and arousal type regardless of sleep cycle are significant factors for the arousal index values and that increase of all arousal indices in NREM 2 stage (especially increase of microarousal index) has strongest impact for... [to full text]

Sleep disorders are one of the most common medical complaints today. There is a growing interest in sleep medicine, attitude of doctors and society is changing and knowledge about sleep and its disorders is increasing. One of the most tedious and understudied sleep problems is non-restorative sleep. Researchers are still debating about what determines persons rest sense after the sleep. A lot of attention recently is paid for sleep integrity and a role of sleep fragmentation for the rest sense. It is thought that sleep fragmentation with short arousals could have effect on the sleeps restorative function. The aim of our study was to analyze sleep structure and sleep quality through sleep cycles, phases and stages and to evaluate structure’s relationship with subjective sense of rest after the sleep without paying attention to the type of insomnia. We have analysed three types of arousals (behavioural, vegetative and microarousals) and their dynamics during the night, in different sleep cycles and stages. Subjective sleep quality was evaluated using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index. Work results showed that for the subjective sense of rest after the sleep it is more important the stability of sleep in the initial than in the last sleep cycles. Sleep stage and arousal type regardless of sleep cycle are significant factors for the arousal index values and that increase of all arousal indices in NREM 2 stage (especially increase of microarousal index) has strongest impact for... [to full text] / Miego sutrikimai yra vienas labiausiai paplitusių nūdienos medicininių nusiskundimų. Paskutiniu metu miego medicina domimasi vis labiau, keičiasi gydytojų ir visuomenės supratimas apie miegą, jo sutrikimus, ligas ir negalavimus, susijusius su miegu. Vienas iš svarbesnių ir labai varginančių sutrikimų yra miegas be poilsio jausmo. Mokslininkai iki šiol diskutuoja, kas lemia poilsio jausmą po miego. Pastaruoju metu nemažai dėmesio skiriama miego vientisumo ir suskaldymo reikšmės poilsio jausmui tyrimams. Manoma, kad miego fragmentacija – miego suskaidymas dažnais trumpais nubudimais – mažina jo atstatomąją vertę, ypač smegenims. Pagrindinis darbo tikslas buvo išnagrinėti miego struktūrą ir kokybę per miego ciklus, fazes ir stadijas bei įvertinti miego struktūros ryšį su poilsio jausmu po miego nepriklausomai nuo nemigos tipo. Buvo nagrinėjami trijų tipų – elgesiniai, vegetaciniai ir žieviniai mikro – nubudimai ir jų dinamika nakties metu, skirtinguose miego cikluose ir stadijose. Subjektyviai vertinama miego kokybė buvo analizuojama pasitelkus Pitsburgo miego kokybės indeksą. Darbo rezultatai parodė, kad miego stabilumas nakties pradžioje turi didesnę įtaką subjektyviam miego kokybės jausmui negu miegas nakties pabaigoje. Nubudimų indekso dydžiui reikšmingos įtakos turi miego stadija ir nubudimo tipas, nepriklausomai nuo miego ciklo, o didžiausią įtaką poilsio jausmui turi visų tipų nubudimų, ypač žievinių mikronubudimų, indeksų padidėjimas antroje lėtojo miego stadijoje.

Nowadays, frequency of so called civilization diseases is raising and current life style of an industrial society brings increased number of sleep disorders. Various non-physiological and pathological phenomena, for which humans do not have and cannot have any adaptation mechanisms created, can be seen in our culture and society. The purpose of this thesis is to examine sleep habits of two groups of healthy adult persons (young adults and seniors) and determine factors having an influence on sleep quality. Three hypotheses were stated (Hypothesis No. 1: Sleep length and quality are changing throughout the life. Hypothesis No. 2: Sleep length has an influence on BMI. Hypothesis No. 3: Sleep length is dependent on a life style). Validity of these hypotheses was verified. The sample consisted of a group of young adults (76 women, 51 men) and of a group of active seniors (50 women, 40 men). Sleep behavior was investigated by a questionnaire form. Every person answered to 50 questions. Their answers were statistically processed. Basic somatic characteristics as body height, body weight and Body Mass Index were measured during the contact with respondents. Statistically significant difference (p < 0,05) in sleep behavior of young adults and seniors in weekdays and weekend was found out. Young adults were...