This diploma thesis is theoretical and is dedicated to old age and ageing. The aim of this diploma thesis is to summarize existing knowledge of old age and to view this final stage of human life from different perspectives and in various context. It is based on periodization of human life. It deals with the process of ageing and its progress, it lists definitions and theories on ageing and also discusses possible premises of longevity. It attempts to define old age and lists myths and prejudices associated with old age. It describes old age from different perspectives of multiple science fields, such as philosophy, biology, medicine, psychiatry, psychology, demography, sociology and social work. It depicts science fields concerned with old age and points out selected aspects of life that can influence elderly person, such as financial situation, housing situation, education, leisure activies, interpersonal relations. It also mentions possible crisis situations during old age, violence against elderly people and system of care of elderly people in the Czech republic. It explains the importance of adaptation during old age and outlines possible image of end of life. At the end of the thesis a set of recommendations for happy old age is included.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-08T14:47:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1343544 bytes, checksum: 157df81d759f3b6cb754d5af82202f53 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-01 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Palliative care are considered as a care philosophy, whose scope is to provide to patients without therapeutic possibilities of cure and their families a better quality of life, being its application of great importance in the context of Primary Care. OBJECTIVES This study has the following objectives: to investigate the understanding of professionals working in FHS, in what concerns to Palliative Care and its therapeutics modalities; to identify, in the view of professionals from FHS, the constitution of Palliative care team for Basic Attention; to verify the possibilities and limitation of implementing Palliative Care in Basic Attention; from the discourse of Health professionals. METHODOLOGY Its about and exploratory research with qualitative approach. The scenario of investigation consisted of family care units belonging to Sanitary District IV, located in the city of João Pessoa (PB). Participated in the work 30 professionals from FHS, being ten doctors, ten nurses and ten dental surgeons. Data collection occurred between July and September 2011. DATA ANALYSIS empirical material was analyzed through content analysis technique, from the following phases: pre-analysis; material exploration; treatment of results. Data obtained by means of testimonies of investigation participants were grouped into the following thematic categories: Palliative Care conceptual aspects and therapeutic modalities (with their respective subcategories: Palliative Care promotion of life quality for patients without possibilities of cure; therapeutic modalities in palliative care); Palliative Care in Basic Attention team formation, possibilities and limitations. RESULTS: This study showed, from the vision of professionals involved in the study, the valuation of Palliative Care, considered as a modality of care that aims to minimize the suffering of the patient without therapeutic possibilities of cure and the one of their families through an assistance guided in humanization. On the other side, some of the study participants had an incompatible comprehension with the relevant literature to Palliative Care. Results pointed out that doctors, nurses and dental surgeons believe in the possibility of implementing this modality of care in basic Attention, since some need are met, such as: team training and development of a national policy for palliative care. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS We consider that this study opens new horizons in the field of scientific production, in assistance and in teaching on palliative care in Basic attention. In view of reduced quantum of studies directed to the respective thematic in the context of national literature. We hope, therefore, that this research can subsidize new investigation exploring the interrelationship of Palliative Care with Basic Attention, since it is an innovative practice in the referred field, necessitating a greater spread with managers, professionals of Health, in particular the ones from FHS, students and researches from this area. / Os Cuidados Paliativos são considerados como uma filosofia do cuidar, cujo escopo é o de proporcionar aos pacientes sem possibilidades terapêuticas de cura e seus familiares uma melhor qualidade de vida, sendo a sua aplicação de suma importância no âmbito da Atenção Básica. OBJETIVOS Este estudo tem os seguintes objetivos: investigar o entendimento de profissionais que atuam na ESF, no que concerne aos Cuidados Paliativos e suas modalidades terapêuticas; identificar, na visão dos profissionais da ESF, a constituição da equipe de Cuidados Paliativos para a Atenção Básica; verificar as possibilidades e limitações de implementação de Cuidados Paliativos na Atenção Básica, a partir do discurso de profissionais da Saúde. METODOLOGIA Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória com abordagem qualitativa. O cenário da investigação constituiu-se de unidades de saúde da família pertencentes ao Distrito Sanitário IV, localizadas no município de João Pessoa (PB). Participaram do trabalho trinta profissionais da ESF, sendo dez médicos, dez enfermeiros e dez cirurgiões-dentistas. Na coleta de dados, utilizou-se um formulário contendo questões pertinentes aos objetivos propostos para a pesquisa. A coleta dos dados ocorreu entre julho e setembro de 2011. ANÁLISE DOS DADOS O material empírico foi analisado mediante a técnica de análise de conteúdo, a partir das seguintes fases: pré-análise; exploração do material; tratamento dos resultados. Os dados obtidos por meio dos depoimentos dos participantes da investigação foram agrupados nas seguintes categorias temáticas: Cuidados Paliativos aspectos conceituais e modalidades terapêuticas (com suas respectivas subcategorias: Cuidados Paliativos promoção de qualidade de vida para pacientes sem possibilidades de cura; modalidades terapêuticas em cuidados paliativos); Cuidados Paliativos na Atenção Básica formação da equipe, possibilidades e limitações. RESULTADOS: Este estudo mostrou, a partir da visão dos profissionais evolvidos no estudo, a valoração dos Cuidados Paliativos considerados como uma modalidade de cuidar que visa à minimização do sofrimento do paciente sem possibilidades terapêuticas de cura e à de seus familiares, mediante uma assistência pautada na humanização. Por outro lado, alguns dos participantes do estudo apresentaram uma compreensão incompatível com a literatura pertinente aos Cuidados Paliativos. Os resultados assinalaram também que os médicos, enfermeiros e cirurgiões-dentistas acreditam na possibilidade de implementação dessa modalidade de cuidar na Atenção Básica, desde que sejam atendidas algumas necessidades, tais como: capacitação da equipe e desenvolvimento de uma política nacional para os cuidados paliativos. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS Consideramos que este estudo abre novos horizontes no campo da investigação científica, na assistência e no ensino acerca dos cuidados paliativos na Atenção Básica. Haja vista o quântico reduzido de estudos direcionados à respectiva temática no âmbito da literatura nacional. Esperamos, portanto, que esta pesquisa possa subsidiar novas investigações que contemplem a inter-relação dos Cuidados Paliativos com a Atenção Básica, visto que se trata de uma prática inovadora no referido campo, necessitando-se de uma maior disseminação junto a gestores, profissionais da Saúde, em particular os da ESF, estudantes e pesquisadores da área.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:13:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LuizRobertoAN.pdf: 339362 bytes, checksum: c8e88397fe9377768e4a6dfe9e85ecfc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-04-18 / The aims of this study were to analyze the access of dental services by child population, to determine the prevalence of dental caries, gingivitis and malocclusion in resident children from the municipal district of Sobral Cear? and to evaluate the incidence of the dental decay in adolescents associated with the factors related to socioeconomic condition, access to health services and self-perception. This study had as main factor the multidisciplinary represented by the participation of health professional (doctors, dentists, nurses) in the development of the survey's initial reference; student from Human Sciences area to apply the structured questionnaire in domiciliary visits; statistics professionals in the orientation of the analysis to be held and family health team (community health agents, dentists and dental clinic assistants) in the scheduling of domiciliary visits and the accomplishment of oral exam. The sample was determined from the domicile record that included children born between 1990 and 1994 to develop the research Children health conditions in the municipal district of Sobral Cear? . The first sample comprised 3425 parents of children from 5 to 9 years old, living in the urban area at the municipal district of Sobral Cear?, aiming at identifying the most important factors associated to the access to dental service. From this sample, 1021 children were selected in a systematic way, for the accomplishment to the epidemiological study of decay, gingivitis and malocclusion. In the study's third phase, in order to arrange the group to be followed, 688 adolescents were examined and interviewed, by means of the active search from the 1021 individuals that had been previously examined. It was observed that 50.9% of the children had access to dental service at least once in a lifetime. Of this total, 65.3% accomplished it during the last year, and 85.4% of these did in public services, what allows to identify the importance of this sector in the access to dental services. It was observed that the factors that most affected the access to dental 129 services were related to socioeconomic condition, such as the access to health plan, the possession of toothbrush, garbage collecting, mother s schooling, sewerage treatment and malnutrition. In relation to oral diseases, an increase in the DMF-T index according the age was observed, from 0.10 in five years old to 1.66 in the nine years old, while with the dmf-t index, the inverse happened, since the index decreased from 3.59 in five years old to 2.69 in nine years old. In relation to gingivitis, an average 32.7% of the children presented gum bleeding. In what concerns malocclusion, it was observed that 60.3% of the children didn't present any problem, 30.17% had light malocclusion and 9.5% severe malocclusion. The average incidence of dental caries was 1.86 teeth per youngster. Among the studied variables, tooth pain in the last six months, mother's income and school snack, adjusted by the perception about the need of treatment, the mother's schooling and the dentist's appointment at least once in a lifetime, were the variables that presented positive relationship with the high incidence of dental caries on this population by logistic regression. Variables of socioeconomic nature, related to the access to health services and behavior and biological variables presented a relationship with the high caries incidence. The study point out to the need of developing health actions in a humanized way, by an oral health team effectively bound to the population's interest, with the great objective to provide, with the public health services managers, adequate conditions to improve oral health / Os objetivos do presente trabalho foram analisar o acesso da popula??o infantil ao servi?o odontol?gico, identificar a preval?ncia de c?rie, gengivite e maloclus?o em crian?as residentes no munic?pio de Sobral Cear? e avaliar a incid?ncia da c?rie dent?ria em adolescentes, associando-a a fatores relativos ? condi??o s?cio-econ?mica, acesso ? servi?os de sa?de e estilo de vida. O presente estudo teve como fator preponderante a multidisciplinaridade representada pela participa??o de profissionais de sa?de (m?dicos, cirurgi?es-dentistas, enfermeiros) na constru??o do referencial inicial da pesquisa, estudantes de cursos da ?rea de Ci?ncias Humanas, na aplica??o do question?rio estruturado para entrevista domiciliar; estat?sticos na orienta??o das an?lises a serem realizadas e equipe de sa?de da fam?lia (agentes comunit?rios de sa?de, cirurgi?es-dentistas e auxiliares de consult?rio dent?rio) no agendamento e realiza??o dos exames bucais domiciliares. A amostra foi definida a partir do cadastro de domic?lios que inclu?a crian?as nascidas entre 1990 e 1994 para desenvolvimento da pesquisa Condi??es de sa?de das crian?as no munic?pio de Sobral Cear? . A primeira amostra foi composta por 3425 pais de crian?as entre 5 e 9 anos de idade residentes no munic?pio de Sobral Cear?, visando identificar os principais fatores relacionados ao acesso a servi?o odontol?gico. A partir desta amostra, foram selecionadas 1021 crian?as, de forma sistem?tica, para realiza??o do levantamento epidemiol?gico de c?rie, gengivite e maloclus?o. Na terceira fase do estudo, visando ? composi??o da coorte a ser acompanhada, foram examinados e entrevistados 688 adolescentes, a partir da busca ativa dos 1021 indiv?duos que haviam sido preliminarmente examinados. Observou-se que 50,9% das crian?as tiveram acesso ao tratamento odontol?gico pelo menos uma vez na vida. Deste total, 65,3% o realizaram no decorrer do ?ltimo ano pesquisado, sendo que 85,4% destes na rede p?blica, o que permite identificar a import?ncia deste segmento no acesso aos servi?os odontol?gicos. Observou-se que os fatores que mais afetaram o acesso ao servi?o odontol?gico foram os vinculados ? condi??o s?cio-econ?mica como acesso ? plano de sa?de, posse de escova dent?ria, coleta de lixo, escolaridade da m?e, tratamento do esgoto e desnutri??o. Em rela??o ?s doen?as bucais observou-se um aumento do CPO-D com a idade, de 0,10 aos cinco anos para alcan?ar 1,66 aos nove anos de idade, ocorrendo o inverso em rela??o ao ?ndice ceo-d, uma vez que aos cinco anos o ?ndice de 3,59 decai para 2,69 aos nove anos. Quanto ?s altera??es gengivais, em m?dia, 32,7% das crian?as apresentavam sangramento gengival. Quanto ? maloclus?o, observou-se que 60,33% das crian?as n?o apresentavam problema, 30,17% apresentavam problemas leves e 9,5% problemas severos de maloclus?o. A incid?ncia m?dia de c?rie foi de 1,86 dentes por adolescente. Entre as vari?veis estudadas, dor de dente nos ?ltimos seis meses, renda da m?e e merenda escolar, ajustadas pela percep??o sobre necessidade de tratamento, escolaridade da m?e e consulta ao dentista pelo menos uma vez na vida, foram as vari?veis que apresentaram rela??o positiva com a alta incid?ncia de c?rie dent?ria desta popula??o, a partir da regress?o log?stica. Vari?veis de natureza s?cio-econ?mica, relativas ao acesso aos servi?os de sa?de, comportamentais e biol?gicas apresentaram rela??o com a alta incid?ncia de c?rie. O estudo aponta para a necessidade de implanta??o de servi?os odontol?gicos vinculados ao desenvolvimento de a??es de sa?de de forma humanizada, desenvolvidas por equipes de sa?de bucal efetivamente vinculadas aos interesses da popula??o, que tenham como grande objetivo proporcionar, junto com os gestores dos servi?os p?blicos de sa?de, condi??es adequadas para melhoria da sa?de bucal

This Thesis deals with the issue of illness and dying, and the care for the dying in different hospice facilities. In describes typical features of palliative medicine, it´s practical use in hospices and also the lack thereof in current Czech Medicine. The legislative side of this issue is discussed in this thesis as well.

This work is engaged in theme of orphan's agenda and care for orphans in region Prácheň in 18th century. First part this work is engaged in law limitation of orphan's position and insurance orphan's and guardian's charge in law codices. This part represents evolution of law position from Roman period until law codification of Pavel Kristian from Koldín. One of important factor for orphan's life was guardian, therefore is in this part also limitation for guardian's charge. Second part of work is engaged in position of orphans in Czech towns in 18th century. Work is in next chapters engaged in towns that were in property of family Schwarzenberg. In this chapter are this town introduce. In this part of work are further manners of leading of orphan's agenda and his regulating, then how intervened suzerain in leading of orphan's agenda. Also this chapter describe instruction for leading of orphan's agenda in manor Netolice, what is preserved in State regional archives in Třeboň. Fundamental chapters are engaged in orphan's agenda in a several towns in region Prácheň. This chapter above all engage in three kinds of orphan's agenda, then orphan's books, orphan's accounts and confronting of orphans. Orphan's books are introduced from towns Lhenice, Netolice, Volary and Bavorov. Orphan's accounts are introduced from towns Lhenice, Netolice, Volary and Záblatí and confrontig of orphans are introduced from towns Lhenice, Netolice and Volary. All kinds of orphan's agenda are presented in their formal aspect and also in contents aspect. Here is put down evolution of orphan's agenda and changes in their leading. All work goes out from wells, which are deposited in State district archives in Prachatice, State district archives in Strakonice and also in State regional archives in Třeboň. In Prachatice and Strakonice are depositing all kinds of orphan's agenda and this is important for comparing their method of leading.

A população mundial vem envelhecendo, diante dessa premissa a Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS), bem como, o Ministério da Saúde (MS) do Brasil, vem buscando adaptar-se a esta realidade através de políticas públicas capazes de promover o envelhecimento ativo e da atenção à saúde adaptada às necessidades da população idosa. A OMS propôs a adequação da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) às necessidades dos idosos. O Brasil, por sua vez, segue as orientações da OMS, dentro da linha de cuidado voltada para a saúde dos idosos, na Estratégia de Saúde da Família e dentro da Política de Atenção à Saúde da Pessoa Idosa. No entanto, ainda não há evidências quanto à avaliação da adequação destas políticas e de sua relação com a forma como os idosos percebem sua saúde geral e bucal. Desta forma, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo verificar a extensão do cuidado em saúde que é acessado por idosos moradores de dois distritos de Porto Alegre/RS, em relação ao preconizado para efetividade da Atenção Primária à Saúde, e realizar um censo das unidades de saúde de APS dos mesmos distritos a fim de estabelecer uma relação entre os dados empíricos levantados e: i) Políticas de Saúde relacionadas com a Atenção Primária à Saúde voltadas às necessidades das pessoas idosas, ii) autoavaliação de saúde geral e iii) percepção de saúde bucal. A metodologia do estudo contou com um estudo teórico realizado através de um levantamento de documentos, um estudo epidemiológico de base populacional de delineamento transversal e um censo de unidades de saúde. Os resultados deste estudo apontam para uma realidade distinta entre o que as Políticas voltadas para os idosos preconizam e o que é oferecido para os idosos. Foram observadas limitações em relação ao acesso, longitudinalidade, integralidade e qualidade do cuidado. Além disso, foi possível observar que em relação à autoavaliação de saúde os resultados mostraram associações entre a avaliação positiva da saúde e fatores psicossociais (sintomatologia depressiva), características pessoais (nº de morbidades) e ambientais (orientação do serviço para a APS). Já em relação à percepção de saúde bucal, os resultados apontaram associação com determinantes primários (satisfação com último atendimento odontológico, resiliência e renda suficiente para as necessidades da família), comportamentos em saúde (hábito tabágico) e condições de saúde bucal (número de dentes e presença de restos radiculares). A conclusão que se chegou a partir de tais resultados é que há uma necessidade premente de ampliação do acesso e qualificação do cuidado para que a Atenção Primária disponibilizada para os idosos que vivem nos distritos Lomba do Pinheiro e Partenon em Porto Alegre possa ser realmente considerada adequada às necessidades dos idosos. Além disso, é necessário que se leve em consideração o papel da Atenção Primária a saúde na avaliação da sua própria saúde e na percepção de saúde bucal por parte de idosos. / The world population is aging. In response to those trends the World Health Organization (WHO), as well as the Brazilian Ministry of Health (MH), are aiming at tackling such matters through public policies that promote active aging through health care adapted to the needs of the elderly population. The WHO has proposed an Age-friendly Primary Health Care (PHC) that lies in accordance with the needs of the elderly. In Brazil, the WHO guidelines are followed within older people care provision, in the Family Health Strategy, and within the National Health Policy for the Elderly Person. However, there is still no evidence concerning the assessment of adequacy of these policies and its association with how older people perceive their general and oral health. Thus, this study aimed to verify the extension towards primary health care provided by health services accessed by older persons living in two sanitary districts of Porto Alegre/RS in relation with the recommendation in terms of effectiveness of primary health care. In addition, a census of the primary health care services of the two sanitary districts was carried out forming, along with the epidemiological survey, the basis of the empirical data that allowed establish a relationship with: i) Health Policies related to Primary Health Care and targeting on the needs of older persons, ii) self-rated health and iii) self-perceived oral health. The methodology included: theoretical study made by a documental research, a cross-sectional population-based epidemiological study and a health PHC services census. The results of this study show a distinct reality between what policies targeting older persons recommend and what is actually provided, limitations in terms of access, longitudinally, comprehensiveness and quality of care were observed. Furthermore, it was observed that positive self-rated health was associated with psychosocial factors (depressive symptomatology), personal characteristics (number of morbidities) and environmental characteristics (orientation towards PHC Attributes). Self-perceived oral health was associated with primary determinants of health (satisfaction with prior dental appointment, resilience and income that was enough to meet family needs), 17 health behaviors (smoking habit) and oral health status (number of teeth and of root remnants). Concluding, there is an urgent need to increase access and to qualify care so that Primary Health Care services made available for older people, at least for those who live in the Lomba do Pinheiro and Partenon sanitary districts of Porto Alegre/RS, reach its goals of providing adequate and resolutive care that is adequate to the needs of the elderly. Furthermore, it is necessary to take into account the role of Primary Health Care on the rate of health and perception of oral health by the elderly. Still, advances in relation to equity and quality of care in respect to primary health care professionals continued education attainment were observed.

The thesis is dedicated to the exploration and analysis of the implementation of employee benefits such as the types of benefits provided by employers to employees according to Czech accounting and tax regulations. In the theoretical part deals with the topic of employee motivation at the work and describes the best known motivational theories. It tries to highlight the interconnections of social policy, evaluation and remuneration system with the level of employee satisfaction and its impact on the quality of work performance. Employee benefits are a modern tool of personnel policy to reward, motivate and satisfy employees. From the other side, they could be considered as a legal tool to reduce the tax liability of the employer. The main focus in this work is devoted on accounting and tax system, which is displayed on a selected group of benefits with illustrative examples. The practical part is focused on the exploration of application of employee benefits in the specific company and on the basis of their analysis assesses their impact on job satisfaction. Based on the information is quality of employee benefit system in the company assessed and at the end of the thesis brings some possible recommendations for improving.

This thesis discusses two family policy models in the two selected Central European countries; the Czech Republic and Austria. The aim is to carry out a comparative analysis of these measures of family policy, which relates to aid reconciliation of family and professional life for families with children. Within this study of individual level measures of family policies in the selected countries, first the measures involving the formation of family and work roles in family life will be explored, followed by the possibility of interaction of the two family policies. The integral parts of the analysis will asses these measures from a gender perspective. The result of this work is a detailed comparison of the components of family policy, which affect the reconciliation of family and professional lives of families with child/children, including evaluation of the effectiveness of individual measures in the two selected countries. Key words: balancing work and family, family policy, comparative analysis, gender, family, maternity / parental leave, the labor market, institutional care for children

The purpose of this thesis is to examine the role of selected companies in the area of work-life balance of employees, with a focus on the concept of corporate social responsibility. The issue of reconciliation both parts of life has recently become a topic that attracts more and more attention as there has been an incresed number of people facing struggles in this area. Therefore, in the first part of the thesis the topic of work-life balance was put into social context, subsequently into the context of public and social policy and finally also to the concept of corporate social responsibility which represents a framework through which the work-life balance issue is viewed. There are lots of actors influencing one's possibilities regarding reconciliation of work and personal life, however, employers are one of the most significant ones. The thesis thus focuses on two companies with a different scope of work-life balance policy in a form of case study. The first aim of the research that was conducted within this thesis was to provide a comprehensive view of the approaches towards work-life balance policy of the selected companies through data obtained from semi-structure interviews with relevant representatives of both companies, these data were subsequently analyzed through optics of the...

Diploma thesis "Analysis of Dům tří přání clients and their family background" presents the current system of care for children at risk in the historical development of children`s rights protection, social-legal protection of children; actual concept of particular departments, state administration, and non-government sector. The social-legal protection of children in the Czech Republic is segmental and is not enough to guarantee children`s rights to live in their biological families in case of support shortage. The forthcoming transformation and unification of the system of care for children is a great appeal for improving the cooperative work of all concerned in this field. One of the important element of the system, acting as a part of prevention of putting children into the institutions with constitutional education, is the civil association "Dům tří přání" which is authorized in providing the social-legal protection of children, and devices for children requiring immediate help. With the help of analysis of family background of children who are the clients of "Dům tří přání", and processing of selected statistical data, the given diploma thesis specifies some functional methods of working with children at risk and their families, directed to the safe family background and child`s development in the family.