The aim of the current study is to investigate the some potential factors that contribute to career indecision of university students. In accordance with that, a mediational causal model based on Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) was proposed to test / a) the direct and indirect relationships of locus of control, perceived parental attitudes, career decision-making self-efficacy, and career outcome expectations with career indecision and b) to what extend the combination of these variables explain career indecision. The sample of the study was composed of 723 (338 female, 383 male, 2 unspecified) university students. Demographic Information Form, Career Decision Scale, Career Decision Self-Efficacy Scale Short-Form, Career Outcome Expectations Scale, Parental Attitudes Scale, and Rotter

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Le bien-être subjectif se définit comme une approche hédonique du bonheur renvoyant à une évaluation générale de sa propre vie dans ses dimensions cognitives et affectives. Bien que ce concept ait fait l’objet d’une littérature scientifique abondante, peu de travaux ont porté explicitement sur ses relations avec la construction du choix d’orientation scolaire et professionnelle. Notre revue de la littérature met également en évidence l’opposition des approches ascendantes et descendantes dans l’étude des liens en ces variables rendant le sens de la causalité particulièrement complexe à appréhender. Ainsi, l’objectif de cette thèse est d’apporter une meilleure compréhension aux relations entre le bien-être subjectif et l’indécision vocationnelle. De même, afin de tester le rôle des caractéristiques individuelles et contextuelles, nous avons inscrit notre étude dans une comparaison interculturelle interrogeant des étudiants sud-coréens, étatsuniens et français. La première partie de nos résultats est largement consacrée à l’étude de la validité psychométrique des outils utilisés dans les différents contextes cibles tandis que la deuxième partie s’intéresse davantage à l’analyse des relations entre le bien-être subjectif et l’indécision vocationnelle. Une série de trois études fut conduite dans chaque pays cible dans le but d’examiner successivement le rôle modérateur des caractéristiques individuelles, des traits de la personnalité et du bien-être psychologique. Les résultats indiquent globalement que le bien-être subjectif est significativement associé à l’indécision vocationnelle quel que soit l’échantillon considéré bien que plusieurs effets modérateurs soient observés. À partir de notre revue de la littérature et des résultats obtenus, un modèle théorique des relations entre le bien-être subjectif et l’indécision vocationnelle est proposé différenciant les modèles ascendants et descendants par des mécanismes distincts. L’implication de ces résultats autour d’une vision holistique de l’individu est discutée dans des perspectives théoriques et pratiques. / Subjective well-being may be defined as a hedonic approach of happiness referring to an overall evaluation of individual’s life integrating both cognitive and affective components. Although that concept has been the focus of a considerable scientific literature, few research explored explicitly its relationships with career decision-making process. Our literature review highlighted the opposition between bottom-up and top-down approaches in the study of the relationships between these two variables making particularly complex to determine the causal direction. Thus, the purpose of this thesis was to bring a better understanding on the relationships between subjective well-being and career indecision. Also, in order to test the role of individual and contextual characteristics, we conducted a cross-cultural comparison which include Korean, US, and French college students. The first part of our results was devoted to explore the psychometric properties of several instruments used in the different countries while the second part was more focused on the analysis of the relationships between subjective well-being and career indecision. A series of three studies were conducted in each target country for examining successively the moderator role of individual characteristics, personality traits, and psychological well-being. Overall, results showed that subjective well-being was significantly associated with career indecision across samples despite several moderator effects were observed. Based on our literature review and results, we developed a theoretical model integrating subjective well-being and career indecision while arguing distinctive mechanisms in bottom-up and top-down approaches. The implications of those results toward a holistic approach of individual counseling are discussed in both research and practical directions.

Η συμβουλευτική και ανάπτυξη της σταδιοδρομίας παρουσιάζει έντονο ερευνητικό ενδιαφέρον, το οποίο εστιάζεται στην μελέτη των παραγόντων που παρεμποδίζουν την επιτυχή λήψη απόφασης. Λαμβάνοντας υπόψη την σύνθετη αλληλλεπίδραση μεταξύ σκέψεων, συναισθημάτων, αποφάσεων και δράσης, στην παρούσα μελέτη διερευνήσαμε την σχέση των δυσλειτουργικών σκέψεων σταδιοδρομίας και των δυσθυμικών συναισθημάτων με την επαγγελματική αναποφασιστικότητα. Η μετανεωτερικότητα και ο κονστρουκτιβισμός μάς έδωσαν το πρόδηλο πλεονέκτημα να αξιοποιήσουμε ποιοτικές μεθοδολογικές προσεγγίσεις, προκειμένου να διερευνήσουμε τις εμφανείς και κυρίως τις λανθάνουσες εσωτερικές διεργασίες, νοητικές και συναισθηματικές, οι οποίες αλληλλεπιδρούν και επενεργούν στην διαδικασία λήψης αποφάσεων για την σταδιοδρομία. Ως μέθοδο έρευνας προκρίναμε την μελέτη περίπτωσης ενός μεμονωμένου προσώπου, προϊουσών των συμβουλευτικών παρεμβάσεων. Η τριγωνοποίηση περισσότερων μεθοδολογικών εργαλείων αποτέλεσε έναν ισχυρό τρόπο εφαρμογής της ταυτόχρονης εγκυρότητας. Το μοναδικό παράδειγμα ενός πραγματικού προσώπου, ως επίκεντρο της ερευνητικής στρατηγικής, μας έδωσε την δυνατότητα να διερευνήσουμε και να κατανοήσουμε σε βάθος τις δυσλειτουργικές σκέψεις και τα δυσθυμικά συναισθήματα, τα οποία οδηγούν σε αναποφασιστικότητα σχετικά με την ανάπτυξη σταδιοδρομίας. Το ερευνητικό υποκείμενο, στην αρχή της ενηλικιότητας, ενώ είχε φτάσει με επιτυχία σε λήψη απόφασης, δεν ακολούθησε την προεπιλεγμένη σταδιοδρομία. Η μελέτη κατέδειξε την παρουσία δυσλειτουργικών σκέψεων και δυσθυμικών συναισθημάτων, τα οποία δεν σχετίζονταν με την έλλειψη πληροφόρησης ή την απουσία δομής και εμπιστοσύνης αλλά με προσωπικές συγκρούσεις, στην προσπάθεια συμβιβασμού και ταυτόχρονης ικανοποίησης των προσωπικών προτιμήσεων και των δυσλειτουργικών πεποιθήσεων για την επιλογή σταδιοδρομίας. Η παρούσα μελέτη παρουσιάζει ιδιαίτερο ενδιαφέρον, καταδεικνύοντας ότι τα γεγονότα ζωής και οι τραυματικές εμπειρίες επηρεάζουν σε σημαντικό βαθμό την επαγγελματική αναποφασιστικότητα, επιδρώντας τόσο σε γνωστικό όσο και σε συναισθηματικό επίπεδο. Επιπρόσθετα, η συγκαιρινή οικονομιοκοινωνική πραγματικότητα ενισχύει τις δυσλειτουργικές σκέψεις, οι οποίες αφορούν στον εαυτό, στον εξωτερικό κόσμο και στο μέλλον. Τα δυσθυμικά συναισθήματα, όπως θλίψη, απαισιοδοξία, θυμός, άγχος, αίσθημα αποτυχίας, απώλεια ικανοποίησης και απουσία νοήματος, αποβαίνουν δυσλειτουργικά, όταν παρεμβαίνουν στην ικανότητα του ατόμου να επιλύει προβλήματα, να προβαίνει σε λήψη αποφάσεων και να δρα αποτελεσματικά. Η διερεύνηση των γνωστικών και συναισθηματικών παραγόντων σχετικά με την επαγγελματική αναποφασιστικότητα των νέων, αποσκοπεί στον εμπλουτισμό των θεωριών συμβουλευτικής και στην βελτίωση των παρεχόμενων συμβουλευτικών παρεμβάσων. Ωστόσο, απαιτείται περαιτέρω θεωρητικά στηριγμένη έρευνα για την πλήρη κατανόηση της επαγγελματικής αναποφασιστικότητας. / Career counselling and development is of considerable interest in terms of research, which focuses on the study of the factors which hinder successful decision-making. Taking into consideration the complex interaction between thoughts, feelings, decisions and action, in the present study we investigated the relationship between dysfunctional career thoughts and negative feelings and career indecision. Postmodernism and Constructivism have given us the clear advantage of being able to make use of qualitative methodological approaches in our study in order to investigate the visible but mainly the latent internal processes, both mental and emotional, which interact and affect the procedure of career decision-making. As a method of research we selected the case study of an isolated individual, during the course of counselling activities. The triangulation of a number of methodological tools constituted a powerful means of implementing simultaneous validity. The only example of a real person as the focus of a research strategy enabled us to explore and comprehend in depth the dysfunctional thoughts and negative feelings which lead to indecision in relation to career development. The subject of the research, at the outset of adulthood, while having successfully reached a career decision, did not follow the chosen career. The study clearly demonstrated the presence of dysfunctional thoughts and negative feelings, which were not related to a lack of information or a lack of structure or confidence, but to personal conflicts, in an attempt to reconcile and simultaneously satisfy personal preferences and dysfunctional beliefs concerning the choice of career. The present study is of particular interest, since it clearly demonstrates that the events of life and traumatic experiences influence career indecision to a great extent, with consequences both on cognitive and emotional levels. In addition, the contemporary socio-economic reality intensifies dysfunctional thoughts which concern the self, the internal world and the future. Negative feelings, such as sadness, pessimism, anger, stress, a sense of failure, lack of satisfaction and lack of meaning, prove to be dysfunctional when they interfere with the individual’s ability to resolve problems to take a decision and to act effectively. The investigation of cognitive and emotional factors in relation to career indecision among young people aims to enrich counselling theory and improve the counselling which is offered. Nevertheless, further theoretically supported research is required so as to achieve a full understanding of career indecision.

Le bien-être subjectif se définit comme une approche hédonique du bonheur renvoyant à une évaluation générale de sa propre vie dans ses dimensions cognitives et affectives. Bien que ce concept ait fait l’objet d’une littérature scientifique abondante, peu de travaux ont porté explicitement sur ses relations avec la construction du choix d’orientation scolaire et professionnelle. Notre revue de la littérature met également en évidence l’opposition des approches ascendantes et descendantes dans l’étude des liens en ces variables rendant le sens de la causalité particulièrement complexe à appréhender. Ainsi, l’objectif de cette thèse est d’apporter une meilleure compréhension aux relations entre le bien-être subjectif et l’indécision vocationnelle. De même, afin de tester le rôle des caractéristiques individuelles et contextuelles, nous avons inscrit notre étude dans une comparaison interculturelle interrogeant des étudiants sud-coréens, étatsuniens et français. La première partie de nos résultats est largement consacrée à l’étude de la validité psychométrique des outils utilisés dans les différents contextes cibles tandis que la deuxième partie s’intéresse davantage à l’analyse des relations entre le bien-être subjectif et l’indécision vocationnelle. Une série de trois études fut conduite dans chaque pays cible dans le but d’examiner successivement le rôle modérateur des caractéristiques individuelles, des traits de la personnalité et du bien-être psychologique. Les résultats indiquent globalement que le bien-être subjectif est significativement associé à l’indécision vocationnelle quel que soit l’échantillon considéré bien que plusieurs effets modérateurs soient observés. À partir de notre revue de la littérature et des résultats obtenus, un modèle théorique des relations entre le bien-être subjectif et l’indécision vocationnelle est proposé différenciant les modèles ascendants et descendants par des mécanismes distincts. L’implication de ces résultats autour d’une vision holistique de l’individu est discutée dans des perspectives théoriques et pratiques. / Subjective well-being may be defined as a hedonic approach of happiness referring to an overall evaluation of individual’s life integrating both cognitive and affective components. Although that concept has been the focus of a considerable scientific literature, few research explored explicitly its relationships with career decision-making process. Our literature review highlighted the opposition between bottom-up and top-down approaches in the study of the relationships between these two variables making particularly complex to determine the causal direction. Thus, the purpose of this thesis was to bring a better understanding on the relationships between subjective well-being and career indecision. Also, in order to test the role of individual and contextual characteristics, we conducted a cross-cultural comparison which include Korean, US, and French college students. The first part of our results was devoted to explore the psychometric properties of several instruments used in the different countries while the second part was more focused on the analysis of the relationships between subjective well-being and career indecision. A series of three studies were conducted in each target country for examining successively the moderator role of individual characteristics, personality traits, and psychological well-being. Overall, results showed that subjective well-being was significantly associated with career indecision across samples despite several moderator effects were observed. Based on our literature review and results, we developed a theoretical model integrating subjective well-being and career indecision while arguing distinctive mechanisms in bottom-up and top-down approaches. The implications of those results toward a holistic approach of individual counseling are discussed in both research and practical directions.

Deficits in career decision making self-efficacy, career decidedness, and academic motivation have contributed to prolonged cycles of poverty, an increase in the number of years it takes to complete an undergraduate degree, and an upsurge in the amount of financial debt incurred. Recurrently, students are saddled with large amounts of debt for a degree that was never attained. One group heavily affected by this phenomenon is African American urban adolescents (AAUA). This quantitative study used a social cognitive career theory framework and a repeated-measures research design to examine whether a significant change in scores occurred from Time 1 to Time 2 on the Career Decision Self- Efficacy Scale—Short Form (CDSE-SF), Career Decision Scale (CDS), and Academic Motivation Scale—High School (AMS-HS). African American adolescents attending an urban high school in a midwestern state participated. Students were surveyed before and after completing the Strong Interest Inventory and participating in an educational session designed to aid them in making career and educational choices. Paired-samples t tests revealed no significant changes in scores on the CDSE-SF, CDS, or AMS-HS. However, findings from Pearson correlations suggest that career self-efficacy is largely correlated with both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. This research contributes to social change by informing urban school districts and families of the need to deliver comprehensive career exploration programming for AAUA. This programming has the potential to aid students in making educational choices that align with their expected career paths, reduce their time to completion in postsecondary programs, and increase their potential for economic stability. Assessing

本研究旨在探討二專學生的心理分離，依附關係與其生涯定向之關係。研究以全國分北、中、南三區共九所專科學校之日間部二專一、二年級之學生為研究對象，共計797名。本研究使用之研究工具包括「心理分離量表」、「父母依附量表」、及「生涯定向問卷」。所得之資料以描述統計、變異數分析、相關分析、多元迴歸分析及典型相關分析等統計方法進行處理。研究的主要發現如下： 二專學生在與父母的心理分離程度中等，其中「互動衝突獨立」較好，「情緒獨立」較差；與父母多為安全依附關係；對自己生涯方向的確定及滿意略低於中等程度；較可能遇到影響其生涯定向的問題為「生涯決策焦慮」及「認識不足」。 其次，與父母越有安全依附關係者，其衝突獨立方面越好，但在功能、情緒及態度方面則較依賴父母。 而互動衝突獨立較差、功能越依賴父母、及與父母無安全依附關係的二專男生，對其生涯目標越不滿意，且較多生涯不確定之問題。和父母越為衝突獨立、功能及情緒上較不依賴父母之二專女生，較滿意於其生涯目標，且較少生涯不確定之問題。 針對本研究結果建議父母能在支持的關係裡，鼓勵青少年發展獨立自主，以協助二專學生之發展，以及學校在生涯定向輔導策略上，可加強學生生涯決策能力和由與父母之關係來了解其生涯定向之問題，並且在生涯定向的問題上，不同性別之學生可考慮以不同的方向加以輔導。 / The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships amongpsychological separation, attachment, and career indecision. The samples consisted of 797 students from nine colleges in Taiwan. Instruments usedin this study were "Psychological Separation Inventory", "Inventory ofParent and Peer Attachment", "Career Development Questionnaire". Datain this study were analyzed by analysis of variance, correlation, multiplestepwise regression analysis, and canonical correlation analysis. Themain findings were as follow: The score in PSI for college students are moderated, in which "conflictual independence" is better, but "emotional independence" is worse. The relationship with their parents is security attachment. Their assuranceand satisfaction toward career setting are lower than averages. The possibleproblem affecting their career indecision are "anxity of career decision making" and "incompehension of career". Secondary, the students who got stronger patent attachment exhibitedbetter in conflictual independence, but they are more depend on parentsin function, emotion, and attitude. The college male students who exhibited more conflictual dependence, functional dependence, in conjoint with worse parent attachment wereexperienced more career indecision problems. For female students, whoexhibited better conflictual independence, functional independence and emotional independence were better in career decision. The suggestion from this study to the parents is to encouragethe adolescent to develop independence with a supporting relationshipwith their children. Also, the suggestion to the school counselors areto strength students' abilities in career decision making and to helpstudents who with career indecision problem by understanding of relationshipwith their parents.

This study examined social and psychological factors influencing the career exploration process of young adults. The predictor variables of this study were parental attachment, peer attachment, and self-efficacy; the outcome variables were environmental/occupational exploration, self-exploration, and career indecision. Data for this study were collected using various measures that were compiled into one survey hosted on Qualtrics. Results indicated that secure maternal attachment predicted secure peer attachment and high self-efficacy in young adults. Greater peer attachment was negatively correlated with environmental exploration. A higher level of self-efficacy was positively correlated with environmental exploration and negatively correlated with career indecision. These results imply that maternal attachment has an indirect influence on a young adult’s career exploration process.

The changing work environment has caused individuals to revise and change their career decisions. This creates career uncertainty, which has become a widespread problem, particularly for students. When this problem is not addressed, it leads to career indecision, or less optimal choices which could influence career opportunities and quality of life. Career indecision could impact on organisations, resulting in problems such as person–job adjustment, lack of engagement and burnout. Although research on career uncertainty is available internationally, there is limited research on career uncertainty and its antecedents in the South African context. Career uncertainty can have short– and long–term effects on the individual. This study therefore contributes toward the gap in research on the antecedents of career uncertainty. Given that career uncertainty is a problem that individuals are constantly confronted with, it is important that the antecedents of this be investigated. The objectives of this study were to 1) conceptualise the antecedents of career uncertainty according to the literature; 2) determine if socio–demographic characteristics (gender, career guidance, help from parents, help from other individuals and work experience) are significant predictors of career uncertainty; 3) determine if personality characteristics (self–esteem, self–efficacy and neuroticism) are significant predictors of career uncertainty; 4) determine if career decision–making difficulties are significant predictors of career uncertainty; 5) determine if student burnout and student engagement are significant predictors of career uncertainty; and 6) determine if academic performance is a significant predictor of career uncertainty. A non–probability quota sample (N = 782) was used to investigate antecedents of career uncertainty in a sample of university students. Career uncertainty was measured by one item The changing work environment has caused individuals to revise and change their career decisions. This creates career uncertainty, which has become a widespread problem, particularly for students. When this problem is not addressed, it leads to career indecision, or less optimal choices which could influence career opportunities and quality of life. Career indecision could impact on organisations, resulting in problems such as person–job adjustment, lack of engagement and burnout. Although research on career uncertainty is available internationally, there is limited research on career uncertainty and its antecedents in the South African context. Career uncertainty can have short– and long–term effects on the individual. This study therefore contributes toward the gap in research on the antecedents of career uncertainty. Given that career uncertainty is a problem that individuals are constantly confronted with, it is important that the antecedents of this be investigated. The objectives of this study were to 1) conceptualise the antecedents of career uncertainty according to the literature; 2) determine if socio–demographic characteristics (gender, career guidance, help from parents, help from other individuals and work experience) are significant predictors of career uncertainty; 3) determine if personality characteristics (self–esteem, self–efficacy and neuroticism) are significant predictors of career uncertainty; 4) determine if career decision–making difficulties are significant predictors of career uncertainty; 5) determine if student burnout and student engagement are significant predictors of career uncertainty; and 6) determine if academic performance is a significant predictor of career uncertainty. A non–probability quota sample (N = 782) was used to investigate antecedents of career uncertainty in a sample of university students. Career uncertainty was measured by one item consisting of four categories: I am very sure; I know exactly what career I will pursue (n = 228), I am fairly sure what career I will pursue (n = 416), I am not sure at all which career I will pursue (n = 135) and I do not plan to follow a career (n = 3). For the objective of the study, categories one and two were grouped together with participants who were fairly certain which career they would follow, while participants in category three represented participants who were uncertain. Category four was not included as only three participants within that category answered. In total, 644 students were (fairly) certain, while 135 were uncertain. These two groups were enclosed as a dependent variable in the logistic regression. The results of this study showed that work experience influences career uncertainty to some extent. This is supported by previous research. Furthermore, it was found that self–esteem also influences career uncertainty to some degree. However, these two variables were only significant in the first steps of the logistic regression. Furthermore, the results showed that career decision–making difficulties share a significant relationship with career uncertainty. The study also found that significant antecedents of career uncertainty include: a lack of information about the decision–making process; a lack of information about occupations; inconsistent information due to internal conflict; a lack of information about ways of obtaining information; and inconsistent information due to external conflict. In conclusion, exhaustion, cynicism and dedication were also found to be significant antecedents of career uncertainty. Based on these results, this study suggests that student burnout and student engagement influence an individual’s level of career uncertainty. Recommendations were made for practice as well as for future research. / Thesis (M.A. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

The changing work environment has caused individuals to revise and change their career decisions. This creates career uncertainty, which has become a widespread problem, particularly for students. When this problem is not addressed, it leads to career indecision, or less optimal choices which could influence career opportunities and quality of life. Career indecision could impact on organisations, resulting in problems such as person–job adjustment, lack of engagement and burnout. Although research on career uncertainty is available internationally, there is limited research on career uncertainty and its antecedents in the South African context. Career uncertainty can have short– and long–term effects on the individual. This study therefore contributes toward the gap in research on the antecedents of career uncertainty. Given that career uncertainty is a problem that individuals are constantly confronted with, it is important that the antecedents of this be investigated. The objectives of this study were to 1) conceptualise the antecedents of career uncertainty according to the literature; 2) determine if socio–demographic characteristics (gender, career guidance, help from parents, help from other individuals and work experience) are significant predictors of career uncertainty; 3) determine if personality characteristics (self–esteem, self–efficacy and neuroticism) are significant predictors of career uncertainty; 4) determine if career decision–making difficulties are significant predictors of career uncertainty; 5) determine if student burnout and student engagement are significant predictors of career uncertainty; and 6) determine if academic performance is a significant predictor of career uncertainty. A non–probability quota sample (N = 782) was used to investigate antecedents of career uncertainty in a sample of university students. Career uncertainty was measured by one item The changing work environment has caused individuals to revise and change their career decisions. This creates career uncertainty, which has become a widespread problem, particularly for students. When this problem is not addressed, it leads to career indecision, or less optimal choices which could influence career opportunities and quality of life. Career indecision could impact on organisations, resulting in problems such as person–job adjustment, lack of engagement and burnout. Although research on career uncertainty is available internationally, there is limited research on career uncertainty and its antecedents in the South African context. Career uncertainty can have short– and long–term effects on the individual. This study therefore contributes toward the gap in research on the antecedents of career uncertainty. Given that career uncertainty is a problem that individuals are constantly confronted with, it is important that the antecedents of this be investigated. The objectives of this study were to 1) conceptualise the antecedents of career uncertainty according to the literature; 2) determine if socio–demographic characteristics (gender, career guidance, help from parents, help from other individuals and work experience) are significant predictors of career uncertainty; 3) determine if personality characteristics (self–esteem, self–efficacy and neuroticism) are significant predictors of career uncertainty; 4) determine if career decision–making difficulties are significant predictors of career uncertainty; 5) determine if student burnout and student engagement are significant predictors of career uncertainty; and 6) determine if academic performance is a significant predictor of career uncertainty. A non–probability quota sample (N = 782) was used to investigate antecedents of career uncertainty in a sample of university students. Career uncertainty was measured by one item consisting of four categories: I am very sure; I know exactly what career I will pursue (n = 228), I am fairly sure what career I will pursue (n = 416), I am not sure at all which career I will pursue (n = 135) and I do not plan to follow a career (n = 3). For the objective of the study, categories one and two were grouped together with participants who were fairly certain which career they would follow, while participants in category three represented participants who were uncertain. Category four was not included as only three participants within that category answered. In total, 644 students were (fairly) certain, while 135 were uncertain. These two groups were enclosed as a dependent variable in the logistic regression. The results of this study showed that work experience influences career uncertainty to some extent. This is supported by previous research. Furthermore, it was found that self–esteem also influences career uncertainty to some degree. However, these two variables were only significant in the first steps of the logistic regression. Furthermore, the results showed that career decision–making difficulties share a significant relationship with career uncertainty. The study also found that significant antecedents of career uncertainty include: a lack of information about the decision–making process; a lack of information about occupations; inconsistent information due to internal conflict; a lack of information about ways of obtaining information; and inconsistent information due to external conflict. In conclusion, exhaustion, cynicism and dedication were also found to be significant antecedents of career uncertainty. Based on these results, this study suggests that student burnout and student engagement influence an individual’s level of career uncertainty. Recommendations were made for practice as well as for future research. / Thesis (M.A. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.