This study examined federal court cases related to the use of social media websites (e.g., Facebook, Twitter, MySpace, LinkedIn) in various employment practices (e.g., selection, promotion, employee monitoring, layoffs). Court cases were identified using various online databases in an attempt to create an exhaustive list of cases to be used to better understand the role that social media has played in organizational settings and the legal implications of its use. The results of this study show that there were a significant number of cases involving termination and Facebook, and organizations prevailed in court significantly more than the defendant did. The results of this study provide organizations, employees, and applicants with a better understanding of how organizational social media use has been perceived in the court of law, thereby allowing people and employers to make better decisions regarding social media use.

The purpose of my thesis is to point out the increase of the amount of the petty cases, to analyze its reasons, to describe the development of the relevant legislation and case law and to deal with some main legal arguments related to the issue of the reimbursement of the costs of proceedings in petty cases. The reason for my research is mainly its topicality and rapid evolution in a few past years. The boom of the mass claim recovery realized by the specialized "debt companies" was the reason of the legislative amendments and led to the ground-breaking decisions of the Constitutional Court, which resulted in the repeal of the regulation No. 484/2000 Coll. The thesis is composed of the introduction, four chapters and conclusion. The introduction is focused on the reasons of my choice of the topic and on the definition of the specific kind of petty cases my thesis is related to. Chapter Two provides the general overview of the institute of reimbursement of costs of proceeings, examines the varieties of the costs of proceedings, explicates the general principles the reimbursement of costs of proceedings is based on, explores the remedies and deals with the reimbursement of costs of enforcement proceedings. Chapter Three describes the growing amount of the petty cases, analyzes its reasons and reviews...

The thesis aims at teaching various data structures algorithms using the Visualization Learning tool. The main objective of the work is to provide a learning opportunity for novice computer science students to gain a broader exposure towards data structure programming. The visualization learning tool is based on the Verification-Driven Learning model developed for software engineering. The tool serves as a platform for demonstrating visualizations of various data structures algorithms. All the visualizations are designed to emphasize the important operational features of various data structures. The learning tool encourages students into learning data structures by designing Learning Cases. The Learning Cases have been carefully designed to systematically implant bugs in a properly functioning visualization. Students are assigned the task of analyzing the code and also identify the bugs through quizzing. This provides students with a challenging hands-on learning experience that complements students’ textbook knowledge. It also serves as a significant foundation for pursuing future courses in data structures.

The Germans of Geilenkirchen-Hengesburg region of Germany were convinced by relative and friend, Father Peter Leonard Thevis, of the Archdiocese of New Orleans, to emigrate to the United States for a number of reasons: political, religious, and economic. After establishing themselves on land previously used for grazing cattle, the Germans soon discovered rice could easily be cultivated in large amounts. Along with their success as rice farmers in Roberts Cove, Louisiana, these Germans soon involved themselves in politics and engaged one another and the surrounding community in numerous court cases. These court cases, overlooked by previous historians, demonstrate that the Germans of Roberts Cove had begun to assimilate, prior to World War I and the passage of anti-German legislation.

There are many different details to consider for developers when creating a new product. Many believe that the functions is the most important. However the question about how the products User Experience should be handled gets more and more important. Because of that there are lots of tests before every launch to ensure that the product gets a better welcoming with the customers. The purpose with this study was to create a overview for how to create a better User Experience. We have created a guideline in this topical subject through creating a methodology to follow. This was done because of the difficulty to follow the current guidelines, and especially from those who really don´t know the subject. This study was based on previous research with a qualitative data collection method. We did our study from the eyes of a case business where we had interviews to get their opinions about User Experience and methodologies that already exists. The information that were used as method for the selection of informants because it was important for us that the informants knew what they were talking about. The purpose of the empirical data was to conclude which parts that were necessary to include in a methodology to get a more advanced User Experience but also why it is important. With this information we could give our version of a methodology to create a User Experience that fit in different projects. The results of the study contain the parts that we thought was important for creating a methodology that the developers could use. These were Design, UX-design, User Behavior, Usability and Human Computer Interaction that we later compiled to different phases in our methodology for User Experience. Furthermore when we concluded the phases for our methodology and these were Understanding where the developers shall create an understanding about what the user really wants. Research where you research what techniques that should be a part of a modern product. Sketch where you work from what the customer wants to get prototypes and test them to get their opinion. Design where you confirms which of the prototypes you will use in a completed design. Implementation where you create the product. The last phase is Evaluate where you do usability testings continuously to know that it is really working.

Com a finalidade de conhecer a história da epidemia de AIDS no Município de São Paulo, analisou-se a mortalidade pela síndrome, de 1983 a 1986. Utilizando a metodologia de revisão dos atestados de óbito, foi possível conhecer algumas características desses indivíduos e detectar casos de AIDS não notificados ao sistema de vigilância epidemiológica. Foram revistos os atestados de óbito de indivíduos do sexo masculino, de 20 a 49 anos, que faleceram no Município de São Paulo, de 1983 a 1986. Os atestados foram selecionados pela causa básica, onde esta era AIDS, imunodeficiência, doenças indicativas de AIDS ou infecções oportunistas e outras patologias que poderiam estar mascarando casos de AIDS. Entre 4023 atestados selecionados, 359 se referiam a AIDS e, destes, 305 (85 por cento ) eram óbitos de casos notificados e 54 (15 por cento ) óbitos de casos não notificados. No grupo não notificado, a AIDS, ou apenas imunodeficiência, era causa básica em 26 declarações de óbito e em outras 10 ela era mencionada, ainda que não como causa básica. Os 54 casos identificados pelo estudo representam um aumento de 7 por cento no número de casos de AIDS do Município de São Paulo e de 7,3 por cento no número de óbitos pela doença, neste mesmo local, sendo que a letal idade da AIDS passa de 77,8 por cento para 79,3 por cento no período considerado. Os casos detectados de AIDS eram em sua maioria indivíduos solteiros (81,9 por cento ), jovens (58 por cento tinham de 20 a 34 anos) e que faleceram em hospitais (95,3 por cento dos óbitos). As profissões mais referidas foram de bancário e economiário (6,7 por cento dos atestados), auxiliar de escritório (6,4 por cento ), seguidas de cabeleireiro (5,3 por cento ) e de comerciante (3,9 por cento ). Entre os casos não notificados havia maior freqüência de indivíduos com nível superior de educação em relação aos que não tinham sido notificados. / To assess the history of AIDS epidemics in the City of São Paulo, we analysed the mortality of this syndrome, from 1983 to 1986. Underreported AIDS cases were detected thru reviewing death certificates. Those from 20 to 49 years old males were reviewed. Deaths from AIDS, immunodeficiency or other diseases that seemed to be AIDS cases, were selected and analysed in reference to age, occupation, case reporting to the surveillance system and the diseases mentioned in the death certificates. Three hundred and fifty nine death out of 4023 death certificates were caused by AIDS. Of these, 305 (85 per cent ) were cases reported to the surveillance system. AIDS or immunodeficiency were mentioned in 54 deaths not reported as AIDS cases and this disease was the underlying cause of death in 26 of them and in 10, AIDS was mentioned but not as the underlying cause of death. Those 54 cases identified by this study increases 7 per cent the number of AIDS cases in the City of São Paulo and 7,3 per cent the deaths caused by this syndrome. The letality increases from 77,8 per cent to 79,3 per cent in the period considered. The AIDS cases identified in this study were of young men (58 per cent were between 20 and 34 year old) and single males (81,9 per cent ) and the death occurred in the Hospital (95,3 per cent ). The most frequent occupation were bank clerks (6,7 per cent ), office clerks (6.4 per cent ), hairdressers (5.3 per cent ) and commercial workers (3.9 per cent ). Among underreported cases there were more people with university degrees.

As hantaviroses são zoonoses de roedores silvestres que causam doenças humanas graves: febre hemorrágica com síndrome renal na Ásia e Europa, com letalidade de 10 a 12% e no continente americano causam a Síndrome Pulmonar e Cardiovascular por Hantavirus (SPCVH), letalidade de 59%. Os Hantavirus (família Bunyaviridae) são vírus envelopados que medem aproximadamente 120 nm, possuem RNA de fita simples e polaridade negativa, dividida em 3 segmentos (L, M e S) que se replicam no citoplasma. A infecção humana relaciona-se à inalação de aerossóis de excretas de roedores infectados com Hantavirus, embora existam relatos de transmissão interpessoal na América do Sul. No Estado de São Paulo, os roedores infectados mais encontrados foram o “rato do rabo peludo" (Bolomys lasiurus), o “rato da mata" (Akodon cursor) e o “ratinho do arroz" (Oligoryzomys negrips). Desde os 3 primeiros casos de hantavirose descritos no Brasil (1993) com indivíduos moradores da área rural de Juquitiba, SP, evidenciando o primeiro surto conhecido de SPCVH, mais de uma centena de casos da SPCVH foram notificados, causando 60 óbitos (letalidade de 46%). Na região de Ribeirão Preto, ocorreram quatorze casos de SPCVH de 1998 a 2001, com letalidade de 64,2%, o que motivou este trabalho. Um primeiro objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos dos casos de hantavirose ocorridos na região de Ribeirão Preto, de 1998 a 2001, para conhecer o comportamento das hantaviroses nesta região. Analisando e acompanhando prontuários de 14 pacientes com SPCVH, observou-se febre (100% dos casos), estertores pulmonares, dispnéia e tosse (64,2%), taquicardia acompanhada de hipotensão (64,2%), cefaléia e sintomas digestivos (57%), adinamia e indisposição geral (50%), fenômenos hemorrágicos (28,5%), mialgia (21,4%) e convulsão (7,5%). No perfil laboratorial, a plaquetopenia <130000/mm3 (100%), hematócrito >55%, (78,6%); leucocitose >15000/mm3 (64,2%), neutrofilia >7000/ mm3 e bastonetes >600 cels/mm3 (64,2%), creatinina sérica >1,5mg/100ml (63,6%) e PO2 <70 mmHg (54,5%). O diagnóstico laboratorial das hantaviroses foi feito por ELISA para IgM e IgG anti Sin Nombre após a alta. Houve diferença significativa entre casos fatais e sobreviventes, quanto à época de suspeita diagnóstica de hantavirose (p=0,0152) e quanto ao uso de hidratação parenteral (p=0,0152): nos sobreviventes, a suspeita diagnóstica de SPCVH foi feita entre o 1º e o 2º dia de internação e, nos casos fatais, a suspeita foi feita apenas na necropsia. Existe uma correlação significativa entre o volume de infusão endovenosa de líquidos &#61619; 2500 ml, nas primeiras 24h de tratamento, e a evolução dos casos para o óbito. A oxigenação precoce, ventilação mecânica, assim como o uso de aminas vasoativas e o de corticosteróides não tiveram associação com sobrevida e a presença de choque não teve associação com óbito. O segundo objetivo foi estudar a prevalência de anticorpos para Hantavirus na população de Jardinópolis, na região de Ribeirão Preto, SP. Em estudo prévio entre cidades da região de Ribeirão Preto, obteve-se maior índice de prevalência sorológica (4,5%) para Hantavirus naquele município. Através de coleta aleatória em parte da área rural e em toda a área urbana, obtivemos 818 amostras de sangue de moradores entre 15 e 70 anos, por digitopuntura em papel de filtro, dos quais coletamos dados relevantes como idade, sexo, cor, procedência, atividade profissional, endereço, telefone; moléstia atual, medicamentos em uso, pneumonia grave pregressa, tipo de moradia, número de moradores na casa, esgoto, coleta de lixo, celeiro, contato com roedores. Essas amostras foram processadas nas diluições 1/50, 1/100, 1/400 e 1/1600 e submetidas ao ELISA indireto para detecção de IgG para Hantavirus Andes. Os resultados foram analisados pelo teste de Fisher e teste do Qui-quadrado, utilizando o programa InStat 3.0 (GraphPad Software Inc, USA) e para &#945; de 5%, com intervalo de confiança de 95%. A positividade geral foi de 14,3% com ELISA à diluição 1/50, na zona urbana foi de 15,3% e na zona rural de 6,5%, demonstrando alta representatividade para a população do município de Jardinópolis. Entre moradores de zona urbana e rural, a positividade para Hantavirus foi significativamente maior para os moradores urbanos (p= 0,0183). E entre as diferentes faixas etárias com a das restantes, observou-se diminuição significativa para a faixa etária de 21 a 30 anos (p= 0,0117) e aumentada para a de 31 a 40 anos (p= 0,0036). Não houve diferença significativa de positividade para Hantavirus observada nos homens e nas mulheres (p= 0,0892), nem para indivíduos com atividade profissional urbana e rural (p=0,8799), nem com os indivíduos que referiram pneumonia grave (p= 0,6096) e da mesma forma nos indivíduos que declararam contato com roedores (p= 0,4842). Assim como não houve associação entre títulos de 100 e 400 para as mesmas características analisadas. / The hantaviruses are zoonoses of wild rodents that cause serious human diseases: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Asia and Europe (10 to 12% lethality rates) and Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Syndrome in the American continent (HPCVS - 59% lethality rate). Hantaviruses (family Bunyaviridae) are enclosing viruses that measure 120 nm approximately, they possess RNA of simple ribbon and negative sense, divided in 3 segments (L, M and S) that are replication in the cytoplasm. The human infection links to the inhalation of aerosols of Hantavirus infected rodents excretes, although reports of person-to-person transmission exist in South America. In the State of São Paulo the infected rodents found were the Bolomys lasiurus, the Akodon cursor and the Oligoryzomys negrips. From the first 3 cases of hantaviruses described in Brazil (1993) with individuals inhabitants of the rural area of Juquitiba, SP, evidencing the first well-known supplies of HPCVS, more than a hundred cases have been notified in Brazil, causing 60 deaths (of 46% lethality rate). There have been fourteen cases of HPCVS since1998 to 2001 with of 64,2% letality rate, in the Ribeirão Preto area what motivated this work. One of the objectives was clinical and epidemic aspects studies of the cases of hantaviruses that happened in the Area of Ribeirão Preto, from 1998 to 2001, to know the behavior of the hantavirusess in this area. Analyzing and accompanying patient medical records of 14 patients with HPCVS, fever was observed (100% of the cases), disnea and coughs (64,2%), accompanied of arterial hipotension, tachicardia (64,2%), migraine and digestive symptoms (57%); adynamic and general weakness (50%), hemorrhagic phenomenons (28,5%), mialgia (21,4%) and convulsion (7,5%). In the laboratorial profile the platelets count <130000/mm3 (100%), hematocrit> 55%, (78,6%); leucocytosis > 15000/mm3 (64,2%), neutrofilia >7000 / mm3 and small sticks> 600 cels / mm3 (64,2%), creatinine serical level > 1,5mg/100ml (63,6%) and PO2 <70 mmHg (54,5%). The diagnosis laboratorial of the hantaviruses was made by ELISA for IgM and IgG anti Sin Nombre after the discharge. There was significant difference among fatal and surviving cases, as the hantaviruses diagnosis suspicious (p=0,0152) and parenteral hydratation (p=0,0152): in the survivors, the HPCVS diagnosis suspicious was made between the 1st and the 2nd day of internment and the fatal cases, the suspicion was just made to the necropsies. Among infusion of liquid EV ³ over 2500 ml in the first 24 hours of treatment and evolution for the death. The precocious oxygen support, mechanics ventilation, as well as the use of vasoatives amines and the one of corticosteróides, did not have association with survival and the shock presence did not have association with death. The second objective was to antibodies for Hantavirus prevalence studies in the Area of Ribeirão Preto, in the population of Jardinópolis, SP. In the previous study among cities in that area it was obtained larger index of serologic prevalence (4,5%) for Hantavirus, it was in the Jardinópolis county Through ramdomised collection partly of the rural area and whole urban area, we obtained 818 samples of blood, inhabitants between 15 and 70 years, for digital puncture in filter paper and important data as age, gender, color, origin, professional activity, address, telephone; current disease, medications in use, pneumonia serious, dwelling type, number of inhabitants in the house, sewer, collects of garbage, barn, contact with rodents. These samples were processed, in the dilutions 1/50, 1/100, 1/400 and 1/1600. and submitted to indirect ELISA for detection of IgG for Hantavirus Los Andes. The results were analyzed by Fisher and Qui-square tests, using the InStat 3.0 program (GraphPad.Software Inc, USA) and for the one of 5%, with interval of trust of 95%. The general positivity rated 14,3% with ELISA (at title 50), urban zone (15,3%) and in rural zone 6,5% and they demonstrated high rates for the population of the Jardinópolis county. Comparing the positivity rates for Hantavirus between urban and rural zone inhabitants was significantly larger for the urban inhabitants (p = 0,0183). Significant increase was observed for the age group of 21 to 30 years (p = 0,0117) and for the one of 31 to 40 years (p = 0,0036) among different age groups. There was not significant difference of positivist for Hantavirus between men and women (p = 0,0892); nor for individuals with urban and rural professional activity (p=0,8799), neither for the individuals that referred serious pneumonia (p = 0,6096) as well as in the individuals that declared contact with rodents (p = 0,4842). There was not association among titles of 100 and 400 for Hantavirus with gender, local of habitation, contact with rodents and pneumonia serious.

Title: Fair play and the rules of sport Objectives: The main aim of this work is to define the concept of fair play in terms of formalism, and its detailed explanation, explanation of related concepts while using examples from practice, and subsequent critique of formalism in comparison with other concepts of fair play. Methods: The methods of compilation, analysis and synthesis were used. We used the compilation method to summarize the theme based on available literature. The method of analysis was used to understand concepts closely related to fair play as formalism and the method of synthesis to understand the whole theme through the synthesis of the explained parts. Furthermore, we used the method of comparison, for comparing fair play as formalism with other concepts of fair play. Results: The theme of fair play and its relationship to rules was explained. We identified some limits of fair play as formalism, based on comparison with other concepts of fair play. Keywords: Fair play, rules, virtues, cases of fair play conduct, education

The thesis aims to analyze to what extent the non-recognition of illegal territorial acquisition rule is applicable in investment treaty arbitration and specifically whether it may constitute a jurisdictional hurdle depriving investors of the opportunity to effectively seek the protection of their investments on illegally acquired territories through investment treaty arbitration.

This thesis takes a corporate political strategy perspective of antidumping and countervailing duty cases to understand why some firms are more successful at the prosecution of these trade remedy measures. Trade remedy measures are long standing tools of US trade policy and their use has continued to grow globally amongst member countries of the World Trade Organisation. Between 1980 and 2007 a total of 1606 of these trade remedy cases were investigated by the Department of Commerce and International Trade Commission, an average of 41 antidumping and 17 countervailing duty cases a year, with a value of around US$ 63 billion or 0.3% of all US imports. Thirty-seven percent of the cases by number and 54% by value resulted in duties being imposed on the subject imports. This study uses archival material for five recent trade remedy investigations and forty-five semistructured interviews with business interests, trade attorneys and economic consultants that have experience of prosecuting these cases to understand why some firms may be more successful than others at achieving their preferred policy outcome. The imposition of duties is found to be only the simplest measure of success for US firms that file a case and does not capture the range of potential outcomes for foreign firms that face the duties. Successful prosecution of a trade case has been found to be firm specific, as the DOC determination of individual firm duty rates significantly affects what the outcome of case means for each firm in the US and foreign industries. The successful prosecution of US trade remedy cases is argued to be an informational corporate political strategy that is affected by statutory and administrative biases in the execution of the agency investigations, and creates the potential for indirect rent-seeking bias in the outcomes of cases. This informational corporate political strategy is based on three capabilities that firms need to develop, the capability to gather information, the capability to build and shape the administrative record at the agencies to reflect a firm’s policy preferences and the capability to align business practices with the US trade remedy institutions. These three capabilities are enabled by the bundling of corporate political expertise resources, organisational resources, financial resources and reputational resources. Some of these resources are internal to the firms, including staff, money and information, while other resources are external, such as the trade attorneys and economic consultants.