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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
81

Hsp70 est un nouveau régulateur majeur de l'érythropoïèse empêchant le clivage du facteur de transcription GATA-1 par la caspase-3 au cours de la différenciation.

Ribeil, Jean-Antoine 25 January 2010 (has links) (PDF)
La production de globules rouges dépend du taux apoptose des précurseurs érythroïdes et est principalement régulé par l'érythropoïétine (Epo). La privation en Epo aboutit à l'activation de la caspase-3 (casp-3) qui clive GATA-1 ce qui entraîne l'apoptose des érythroblastes immatures. L'activation de la casp-3 est également indispensable aux modifications morphologiques caractéristiques observées au cours de la différenciation érythroïde terminale humaine, sans qu'il n'y ait ni d'apoptose ni de clivage de GATA-1. L'objectif de cette thèse était de mettre en évidence si Hsp70 inductible, dont un des rôles principaux est la régulation de l'apoptose, est impliquée dans la protection sélective des substrats de la casp-3 activée au cours de la différenciation érythroïde terminale humaine. Nous avons mis en évidence que lors de la différentiation érythroïde terminale pendant la phase d'activation des caspases, Hsp70 a une expression nucléo-cytoplasmique constitutive et co-localise avec GATA-1 dans le noyau. La localisation nucléaire d'Hsp70 est régulée par l'Epo : après privation des cellules en Epo, il y a une importante diminution de la localisation nucléaire d'Hsp70 et GATA-1 est clivée. L'inhibition de l'expression d'Hsp70 par une approche siRNA a comme conséquence le clivage de GATA-1 lors de l'activation de la casp-3 avec un arrêt de différenciation et une augmentation de la mort cellulaire. Hsp70 est une nouvelle protéine anti-apoptotique de la différenciation érythroïde terminale. Nous proposons un modèle dans lequel l'Epo détermine le destin des érythroblastes (apoptose vs différenciation) en aval de la casp-3 en régulant la localisation nucléaire d'Hsp70.
82

Évaluation des mécanismes de l'apoptose induite par l'action de l'acroléine sur les cellules cancéreuses pulmonaires A549

Roy, Julie January 2008 (has links) (PDF)
Les maladies pulmonaires graves touchent plus de 3 millions de Canadiens, indépendamment de leur âge ou de leur sexe. Parmi ces maladies, nous retrouvons l'asthme, la maladie pulmonaire obstructive chronique (MPOC), le cancer du poumon et la fibrose kystique. Ces dernières peuvent être déclenchées par la présence chronique d'un stress oxydatif et par conséquent, elles font partie des pathologies associées à une exposition à l'acroléine. On retrouve l'acroléine dans notre alimentation et dans les produits de combustion organique. L'acroléine, un aldéhyde alpha,beta-insaturé très réactif, est également une des substances toxiques qui résulte de la peroxydation des lipides endogènes, lors d'un stress oxydatif. Notre laboratoire a évalué les mécanismes toxiques de l'acroléine induits in vitro, en utilisant la lignée cellulaire A549. Le choix de ce modèle cellulaire pour l'étude provient du fait qu'elles sont des cellules humaines, d'origine pulmonaire, soit le premier organe ciblé par une exposition à l'acroléine. Cette étude vise donc à comprendre les mécanismes impliqués dans l'induction de la mort cellulaire par apoptose: 1) la voie des récepteurs de mort, 2) la voie du « cross-talk » et 3) la voie mitochondriale induites par l'acroléine. L'exposition des cellules A549 à des doses d'acroléine de 0 à 50 µM a activé la voie des récepteurs de mort. L'acroléine a causé une augmentation d'expression du ligand FasL (FasL) et a induit la translocation de la protéine associée au domaine de mort de Fas (FADD) et du récepteur de protéine (RlP) à la membrane cytoplasmique, en plus de l'activation des caspases initiatrices 2 et 8. Par ailleurs, cette exposition a causé une augmentation du domaine interagissant par BH3 tronqué (tBid) à la mitochondrie. Il semble que l'acroléine peut déclencher la voie du « cross-talk » par l'activation des caspases-2 et -8, qui clivent la protéine Bid en tBid. Pour ce qui est de la voie mitochondriale, l'acroléine a causé une hyperpolarisation de la membrane mitochondriale et une surproduction d'espèces réactives de l'oxygène (ROS). Notre étude a aussi démontré que l'acroléine a induit l'activation de p53, la translocation de la protéine X associée à Bcl-2 (Bax) à la mitochondrie, le relâchement du cytochrome c dans le cytosol, l'activation de la caspase initiatrice 9 et la translocation du facteur inducteur d'apoptose (AlF) au noyau. De plus, l'inhibition des ROS générées par l'acroléine grâce à l'antioxydant PEG-catalase, a empêché l'augmentation de l'expression totale du FasL, l'hyperpolarisation de la membrane mitochondriale ainsi que l'activation des caspases -3 et -8. Par conséquent, les ROS sont préalablement requises pour que l'acroléine induise l'apoptose par la voie des récepteurs de mort et par la voie mitochondriale, chez les cellules A549. En conclusion, l'acroléine peut induire les trois voies apoptotiques étudiées chez ces cellules. L'acroléine provoque l'exécution de l'apoptose via l'activation des caspases effectrices -3, -6 et -7, l'externalisation de la phosphatidylsérine, la condensation de la chromatine et le clivage de la polyADP-ribose polymérase (PARP). Par contre, l'acroléine induit aussi certains mécanismes de survie cellulaire comme l'augmentation de la phosphorylation d'AKT, de Bad et de l'expression des clAP 1/2. Même si les protéines antiapoptotiques sont activées, l'acroléine peut encore induire la mort cellulaire par apoptose chez les cellules A549. Ces recherches sont pertinentes dans plusieurs contextes de toxicité à l'acroléine tels que l'action pharmacologique et/ou les effets secondaires de la cyclophosphamide, un agent anticancéreux où l'acroléine est l'un de ses métabolites, la régulation de la prolifération cellulaire et de la croissance tumorale par les polyamines, la maladie d'Alzheimer, ainsi que la toxicité causée par les expositions environnementales à de faibles doses d'acroléine. Cependant, il est important de poursuivre les recherches pour améliorer nos connaissances sur les mécanismes de toxicité de cet aldéhyde, considérant l'étendue de l'exposition des humains à l'acroléine. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Acroléine, Apoptose, Caspase, Mitochondrie, Récepteurs de mort.
83

Understanding the Cellular Response to Cytosolic Cytochrome c

Johnson, Carrie January 2010 (has links)
<p>Cytosolic cytochrome c promotes apoptosis by triggering caspase activation. In healthy cells cytochrome c localizes to mitochondria, where it participates in the electron transport chain. Apoptotic stimuli induce permeabilization of the outer mitochondrial membrane and release of cytochrome c. Once cytosolic, cytochrome c binds Apaf-1, inducing the formation of a protein complex that recruits and activates caspases, which serve to dismantle the dying cell. Although the steps of this signaling pathway have been described, many of the regulatory mechanisms influencing the cellular response to cytosolic cytochrome c remain unclear. Using apoptosis assays and microinjection techniques, we investigated the response of several cell-types to cytosolic cytochrome c.</p> <p>First, we demonstrate that cytosolic cytochrome c kills brain tumor cells but not normal brain tissue. This differential sensitivity to cytochrome c is attributed to high Apaf-1 levels in brain tumors compared with negligible Apaf-1 in brain tissue. These differences in Apaf-1 abundance correlate with differences in E2F1, a previously identified activator of Apaf-1 transcription. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays reveal that E2F1 binds the Apaf-1 promoter specifically in tumor tissue, suggesting that E2F1 contributes to Apaf-1 expression in brain tumors. These results demonstrate an unexpected sensitivity of brain tumors to cytochrome c and raise the possibility that this phenomenon could be exploited therapeutically to selectively kill brain cancers.</p> <p>Secondly, we develop a method for monitoring caspase activity in Xenopus laevis oocytes and early embryos. The approach, utilizing microinjection of a near-infrared dye that emits fluorescence only after its cleavage by active caspases, has enabled the elucidation of subtleties in the apoptotic program. We demonstrate that brief caspase activation is sufficient to cause death. We illustrate the presence of a cytochrome c dose threshold, which is lowered by neutralization of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins. We show that meiotic oocytes develop resistance to cytochrome c, and that eventual death of these oocytes is caspase-independent. Imaging caspase activity in the embryo suggests that apoptosis in early development is not cell-autonomous. Finally, we believe this method presents a useful screening modality for identifying novel apoptotic regulators as well as pro-apoptotic small-molecules that could be useful in treating brain tumors.</p> / Dissertation
84

Pseudomonas aeruginosa induced lung damage is through caspase-1 mediated IL-1£] and MIP-2 expression

Tsai, Chia-Chi 07 August 2012 (has links)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced pneumonia is serious problem that results in severe inflammation response and high mortality in the host. Interleukin-1£] (IL-1£]) is one of the major extracellular proinflammatory cytokines thought to be involved in many acute and chronic lung diseases. To investigate the role of caspase-1, IL-1£] and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) in P. aeruginosa pneumonia induced lung damage, C57BL/6 (WT) and CASP-1-/- mice were subjected to pneumonia induced by intratracheal injection of P. aeruginosa. The lung permeability, bacterial content in blood and lung, lung myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, total cell counts and protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), NF-£eB activation as well as expression of IL-1£] and MIP-2 were assayed at 8 hr after P. aeruginosa injection. The IL-1£] inhibitor, anakinra, was also used to evaluate the role of IL-1£]. P. aeruginosa injection increased the lung permeability, lung MPO activity, bacterial counts in blood, total cell counts and protein in BALF, NF-£eB activation and expression of IL-1£] and MIP-2 in WT mice; and these increases were all decreased by administration of anakinra in WT mice or in CASP-1-/- mice. Furthermore, the lung MPO activity, total protein in BALF and expression of IL-1£] and MIP-2 were decreased in CASP-1-/- ¡÷ WT but not in WT ¡÷ CASP-1-/- chimeric mice, suggesting that pneumonia induced lung damage and IL-1£] and MIP-2 expressions depend on caspase-1 signaling of the resident cells.
85

Effects of carvacrol and 2,6-diisopropylphenol (propofol) on reactive oxygen species (ROS)-, calcium (Ca2+)- and caspase-3-associated apoptosis in human normal cells and non-normal cells

Liang, Wei-Zhe 02 September 2012 (has links)
The effect of the natural essential oil carvacrol or the anesthetic propofol on cell viability, cell cycle distribution, reactive oxygen species (ROS), intracellular free Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]i) and caspase-3-associated apoptosis in human normal cells or non-normal cells is unclear. Human gingival fibroblasts (HGF), human oral cancer cell line (OC2) and human glioblastoma cell line (DRTBG-05MG, HGB) were used in this study. Cell viability was measured by detecting reagent water soluble tetrazolium salt-1 (WST-1). Apoptosis was detected by Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) staining, cell cycle distribution was detected by PI staining, and ROS was detected by membrane-permeable probe dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) or hydroethidine (HE) staining. Apoptosis, cell cycle distribution and ROS were analyzed by flow cytometry. The Ca2+-sensitive fluorescent dye fura-2 was applied to measure [Ca2+]i. Caspase-3 expression was detected by western blotting. Carvacrol at 200-800 £gM decreased the cell viability of OC2 or HGB cells in a concentration-dependent manner and 1,000 £gM carvacrol almost killed all OC2 or HGB cells, but in HGF cells, 200-800 £gM carvacrol did not significantly kill cells and 1,000 £gM carvacrol decreased only about 63% of cell viability. Similarly, propofol at concentrations between 300 and 600 £gM decreased the cell viability of OC2 or HGB cells in a concentration-dependent manner and 700 £gM propofol almost killed all OC2 or HGB cells, but in HGF cells, 300-600 £gM propofol did not significantly kill cells and 700 £gM propofol decreased about 62% of cell viability. In OC2 or HGB cells, carvacrol (200 £gM, 400 £gM or 600 £gM) or propofol (300 £gM, 400 £gM or 500 £gM) induced apoptosis, increased ROS production, evoked cell cycle arrest and activated caspase-3. The caspase-3 inhibitor (DEVD-CHO) partially decreased the apoptotic effect induced by carvacrol or propofol. On the other hand, in OC2 or HGB cells, carvacrol at concentrations between 400 £gM and 1,000 £gM induced a [Ca2+]i rise in a concentration-dependent manner and the signal was reduced by removal of extracellular Ca2+. In HGF cells, carvacrol at 1000 £gM did not induce immediate [Ca2+]i rises in Ca2+-containing or Ca2+-free medium. Similarly, propofol at concentrations between 400 £gM and 1,000 £gM induced a [Ca2+]i rise in a concentration-dependent manner in OC2 or HGB cells, but not in HGF cells. This cytotoxic effect was not reversed in carvacrol-treated groups, but was partially reversed in propofol-treated groups when cytosolic Ca2+ was chelated with 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid/acetoxy methyl (BAPTA-AM) in OC2 or HGB cells. The apoptotic effect of propofol was also partially decreased by BAPTA-AM treatment in OC2 and HGB cells. In OC2 and HGB cells, carvacrol- or propofol-induced Ca2+ signal was not altered by L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channel blocker nifedipine, store-operated Ca2+ channel blocker econazole or SK&F96365) and protein kinase C (PKC) activator phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), but was inhibited by PKC inhibitor GF109203X. When extracellular Ca2+ was removed, incubation with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump inhibitor thapsigargin (TG) or 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone (BHQ) abolished carvacrol- or propofol-induced [Ca2+]i rises. Incubation with carvacrol or propofol also abolished TG or BHQ-induced [Ca2+]i rises. Inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) with U73122 abolished carvacrol- or propofol-induced [Ca2+]i rises. Together, first, in HGF cells, carvacrol (200-800 £gM) or propofol (300-600 £gM) did not induce [Ca2+]i rises and cell death. Second, in OC2 or HGB cells, carvacrol induced [Ca2+]i rises and cell death that might involve ROS- and caspase-3-associated apoptosis. Third, in OC2 or HGB cells, propofol induced [Ca2+]i rises and cell death that might involve ROS-, Ca2+- and caspase-3-associated apoptosis. Lastly, in OC2 or HGB cells, carvacrol or propofol induced [Ca2+]i rises by inducing PLC-dependent Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum and Ca2+ entry via PKC-sensitive, non store-operated Ca2+ channels.
86

Role of Caspase 13 Activation in Carotid artery Balloon Injury

Lin, Chun-yao 07 September 2009 (has links)
ABSTRACT Endothelial dysfunction/apoptosis is critical to the development of neointima hyperplasia. Our pilot study identified a novel member of the caspase subfamily, caspase 13 (CASP 13), which is induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) in endothelial cells, but not in vascular smooth muscle cells. It remains controversial whether CASP 13 is a human or bovine gene. In this study, we collected four human brachial artery segments during arterioveinous fistula graft removal surgeries. By western blot and quantitative RT-PCR analysis, CASP13 expression was elevated at the anastomosis of brachial arteries from patients receiving hemodialysis. Rat carotid artery balloon model is widely used as in vivo atherosclerosis model for studies on neointima formation and especially vascular smooth muscle proliferation. However, most of the balloon injury studies terminated on the 14th day to sacrifice the animals for histological studies. In this study, we employed the ultrasonic device to record the hemodynamic changes in rat carotid artery at different time intervals after balloon injury. The pre-operative mean left carotid artery internal diameter and blood flow of Sprauge Dawley rats was 0.6 ¡Ó 0.07 mm and 28.75 ¡Ó 4.45 cm/sec, respectively. After balloon dilatation, the mean internal diameter of left carotid artery elevated to 0.77 ¡Ó 0.09 mm and 0.71 ¡Ó 0.08 mm on day 7 and day 14, respectively. Besides, the mean blood flow velocity also increased to 47.6 ¡Ó 9.2 cm/sec and 33.4 ¡Ó 10.8 cm/sec on day 7 and day 14, respectively. However, the left carotid artery blood flow velocity returned to 24 ¡Ó 3.5 cm/sec on day 21. The CASP 13 protein expression was found elevated in the balloon injury sites and mainly localized in the endothelial cells. In summary, CASP 13 is detected in endothelial cells in both human and rat atherosclerosis models and may constitute a novel molecular target for vascular diseases.
87

Activation of caspase-1 signaling complexes by the P2X7 receptor requires intracellular K⁺ efflux and protein synthesis induced by priming with toll-like receptor ligands /

Kahlenberg, Joanne Michelle. January 2004 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Case Western Reserve University, 2004. / [School of Medicine] Department of Pathology. Includes bibliographical references. Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center.
88

Investigating the Caspase Cleavage of the JunB Transcription Factor

Lee, Jason KH Unknown Date
No description available.
89

Disruption of the tight junction in cultured epithelia stimulates apoptosis concurrent with cellular extrusion /

Beeman, Neal Edward. January 2008 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D. in Physiology and Biophysics) -- University of Colorado Denver, 2008. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 89-98). Free to UCD Anschutz Medical Campus. Online version available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations;
90

The inheritance of loss Caspase 6 activity and effect in human naurons caused by familial Alzheimer's Disease associated mutants /

Sivananthan, Saskia Nikali, January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (M.Sc.). / Written for the Dept. of Neurology and Neurosurgery. Title from title page of PDF (viewed 2009/08/07). Includes bibliographical references.

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