Notre mémoire a pour but de mettre en lumière la conception de la philosophie développée dans les écrits de jeunesse d’Augustin (plus précisément, les écrits d’Augustin qui remontent à son séjour à Cassiciacum, entre 386 et 387). Il limitera son analyse aux œuvres d’Augustin que nous retrouvons dans les deux volumes du tome IV de la Bibliothèque augustinienne : le De beata uita et le De ordine. Ce travail reprendra la question posée par Jean-Luc Marion dans son œuvre Au lieu de soi : L’approche de Saint Augustin en examinant si Augustin fait ou non partie de la tradition métaphysique. Cette question sera en effet au centre de notre mémoire en orientant le développement des chapitres de notre étude sur la conception de la philosophie chez le jeune Augustin. L’objectif de notre mémoire sera donc de mieux saisir la conception augustinienne de la philosophie que nous retrouvons dans le De beata uita et le De ordine afin de vérifier si cette conception est cohérente avec la thèse marionienne selon laquelle Augustin ne fait pas partie de la tradition métaphysique. / Our Master's thesis wishes to shed light on the conception of philosophy developed in the early writings of Augustine (more precisely, the ones that Augustine has written during his time spent at Cassiciacum, between 386 and 387). It will limit its investigation to the works of Augustine that we can find in the two volumes of the fourth volume of the Bibliothèque augustinienne: the De beata uita and the De ordine. This work will pursue the question asked by Jean-Luc Marion in his study Au lieu de soi : L’approche de Saint Augustin and will try to find out if Augustine is or is not part of the metaphysical tradition. This question will indeed be at the core of our Master's thesis by orienting the development of the chapters of our study of the conception of philosophy of the young Augustine. The purpose of our Master's thesis is thus to better understand the Augustinian conception of philosophy that we find in the De beata uita and the De ordine in order to see if this conception is coherent with the Marionian thesis which states that Augustine is not a part of the metaphysical tradition.

Notre thèse est une monographie consacrée aux Soliloques d’Augustin, le quatrième de ses dialogues philosophiques écrit en 386-387, immédiatement après sa conversion au christianisme. Elle comporte deux volets. La première partie, doctrinale, propose une nouvelle interprétation du dialogue en voyant dans l’opuscule le lieu de l’interrogation de l’expérience de la conversion. Elle montre que les deux livres, sur la base du spiritualisme néoplatonicien qui vient nourrir en profondeur l’entreprise, se présentent comme deux anagogies qu’on examine donc successivement. Cette perspective permet ainsi de mettre à jour les sources philosophiques du jeune Augustin, et surtout comment, dès 386, apparaissent presque définitivement structurées plusieurs intuitions majeures de sa pensée. La deuxième partie de ce travail est consacrée à l’étude de la tradition manuscrite de ce dialogue de jeunesse, dont on propose une édition révisée et une nouvelle traduction, assorties d’un ensemble de vingt-et-une notes complémentaires. / Augustine’s Soliloquies, a philosophical dialogue, were written in 386-387, straight after the author’s conversion to Christianity. The aim of this dialogue is to reach a firm knowledge of what soul and God are. The first, interpretative part of this doctoral work shows that, beyond the neo-platonician spirituality that deeply fills Augustine’s writings, this dialogue constitutes the inaugural meditation on the experience of conversion. Thus, such a perspective allows considering this dialogue as the first step of a continuous thought that will eventually lead to the Confessions ; it also allows analysing Augustine’s intellectual horizon in a newly oriented way that brings into light his philosophical sources ; lastly, it allows seeing how some intuitions, among the major ones of his thought, appeared in an almost definitively structured way as soon as 386. The second part of this doctoral work is dedicated to the study of manuscripts tradition of this early year dialogue, of which a new translation is being proposed, with a set of twenty-one complementary notes.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:27:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Renato Arnellas Coelho.pdf: 10673774 bytes, checksum: cd0418e71accd898361c839fe693b4b4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-11 / After the Second Vatican Council (1962-1965), some people start to follow positions known as sedevacantists, denying the existence of a pope in the Church after that period. Sedevacantism is more present in the United States and in Europe, but also, gradually, some people in Brazil adhere to this position. Among the many branches of sedevacantism, the Cassiciacum Thesis is noteworthy, formulated by the Dominican Michel Guérard des Lauriers (1898-1988). This paper will examine the importance of the life and work of the author of the Cassiciacum Thesis, in order to understand what sedevacantism is, as well as compare this Thesis with favorable and unfavorable scholars. One will see that this Thesis approaches the subject of papacy in a creative way, unlike other approaches done so far. Nevertheless, one can conclude that the Thesis is limited both intrinsically, due to its arguments, and extrinsically, by relying on a subjective analysis restricted to a particular and fleeting papacy / Após o Concílio Vaticano II (1962-1965), começam a aparecer pessoas com posições denominadas sedevacantistas, negando a existência de um papa na Igreja depois desse período. A presença do sedevacantismo é mais acentuada nos Estados Unidos e na Europa, mas também no Brasil, aos poucos, surgem pessoas que aderem a essa posição. Dentre os diversos ramos do sedevacantismo, destaca-se o sedevacantismo ligado à Tese de Cassicíaco, formulada pelo dominicano Michel Guérard des Lauriers (1898-1988). O presente trabalho irá analisar a importância da vida e da obra do autor da Tese de Cassicíaco, para bem entender o sedevacantismo, bem como comparar essa Tese tanto com estudiosos favoráveis, como desfavoráveis, a essa posição. Ver-se-á que a dita Tese aborda o tema do papado de modo criativo, diferente de outros modos apresentados até então. Todavia, conclui-se que a Tese é limitada intrinsicamente, quanto aos seus argumentos, e extrinsecamente, por depender de uma análise subjetiva e restrita a um papado determinado e passageiro