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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

Protein import into peroxisomes and oxidative stress: a study to elucidate the potential functional role of the conserved cysteine in Pex5p

Chauhan, Dushyant January 2011 (has links)
The oxidation status of a cell plays a crucial role in aging. As cells get aged, their redox state gets increased. Pex5p is a peroxisomal recycling receptor which binds to newly synthesized cargo proteins in the cytosol and imports them across the peroxisomal membrane. During this transport event, Pex5p gets monoubiquitinated at a conserved cysteine (C11) residue. This C11 is very essential for the recycling of Pex5p from the peroxisomal membrane to back into the cytosol. If the cysteine is replaced by serine, Pex5p does not get recycled back to the cytosol and accumulates on the peroxisomal membrane. In the present study, we have investigated whether the C11 in Pex5p could act as a redox switch. We measured the redox state of the cytosol and the peroxisomal matrix as well as the subcellular localization of catalase in aging cells. We found that an increase in the redox state of peroxisomes (in WT) leads to an increase in the redox state of the cytosol, which ultimately results in the impairment of PTS1 import. Interestingly, in the C11K condition, we did not see an impairment of PTS1 import. These observations support our hypothesis that C11 may act as a redox switch. We also performed some challenging experiments with H2O2. The results of these experiments show that a) import of catalase into peroxisomes sensitizes the cytosol and b) catalase overexpression does have a protective effect against oxidative stress caused by H2O2. In summary the results of our experiments support our hypothesis. However, further evaluation is needed to reveal the precise role of C11 in Pex5p function during cellular aging.
32

Effect of Catalase/Superoxide Dismutase Mimetic EUK-134 on Damage, Inflammation, and Force Generation of the Diaphragm Muscle in mdx Mice

Kim, Jong Hee 2009 August 1900 (has links)
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most devastating form of muscular dystrophy caused by a mutation in the dystrophin gene. Defects in the dystrophin gene in DMD, are homologous to that found in mdx mice, and result in profound muscle damage, inflammation and weakness in diaphragm and limb muscles. Dystrophin, a scaffolding protein located in the sarcolemmal cytoskeleton, helps cells to maintain their structural integrity and associates with critical cell signaling molecules that regulate cell growth and repair (e.g., nNOS). While the contributing mechanisms leading to DMD-induced degenerative muscle function and damage are multi-factorial, elevated oxidative stress has been proposed as a central mechanism. In contrast, antioxidants can attenuate muscle damage as well as improve contractile function in dystrophin-deficient muscles. However, it is unknown if oxidative stress is a causal factor in dystrophin-deficient diaphragm muscle pathology and specifically targeted antioxidant (e.g., EUK-134) treated early in the course of the disease (3-4 weeks) can modulate oxidative stress, functional damage and weakness in mdx diaphragm. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of catalase/superoxide dismutase mimetic EUK-134 on damage, inflammation, and contractile function of the diaphragm muscle in mdx mice. We hypothesized that (a) EUK-134 would attenuate muscle damage and oxidative stress in mdx diaphragm, (b) EUK-134 would reduce inflammatory cells and an important transcription factor including nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kB) in mdx diaphragm and (c) EUK-134 would restore proteins that attach to dystrophin such as nNOS and cytoskeletal proteins back to sarcolemmal region and improve muscle contractility in mdx diaphragm. C57BL/10ScSn wild type and mdx mice were given EUK-134 (30mg/kg, i.p., injection) beginning at 20 days of age for 8 days. The mice were euthanized and the diaphragm muscle was harvested at 4 weeks of age, the time of peak inflammation, and analyzed to measure myofiber inflammation, NF-kB activation, cytoskeletal proteins and oxidative stress markers using Western immunoblotting, ELISA, immunofluoresence, and immunohistochemistry. We found that EUK-134 ameliorated muscle damage and oxidative stress in mdx diaphragm. EUK-134 protected against inflammation by decreasing NF-kB activation in the nucleosome fraction of mdx diaphragm. Further, EUK-134 partially rescued nNOS and k-1 syntrophin back to sarcolemmal membranes and recovered force generation even in acute application in vitro in mdx diaphragm. These results are the first to demonstrate a causal relationship between oxidative stress and pathology caused by dystrophin-deficient diaphragm muscle. Moreover, the data indicate that EUK-134 has a protective effect against muscle damage, inflammation, and contractility in mdx diaphragm. We believe that the results from our investigation will provide clinical significance, as we expect to elucidate mechanisms by which oxidative stress contribute to tissue damage and weakness in dystrophic diaphragm.
33

Superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase in ammonium-grown and nitrogen-fixing Azospirillum brasilense

Clara, Richard W. (Richard William) January 1983 (has links)
No description available.
34

Roles of an 'inactive' domain in catalase-peroxidase catalysis modulation of active site architecture and function by gene duplication /

Baker, Ruletha Deon, Goodwin, Douglas C. January 2006 (has links) (PDF)
Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Auburn University, 2006. / Abstract. Vita. Includes bibliographic references.
35

Hydrogen-peroxide catalase treatment of coagulase-positive staphylococci in milk

Amin, Virendrakumar Manibhai. January 1968 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1968. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
36

Preparation and properties of human crystalline erythrocuprein and crystalline erythrocyte catalase

Stansell, Marion J. January 1966 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1966. / Typescript. Vita. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.
37

Parâmetros de funcionalidade de células mononucleares, de estresse oxidativo, proteínas de fase aguda e estado nutricional de indivíduos portadores de neoplasias hematológicas antes do tratamento quimioterápico

Camargo, Carolina de Quadros 06 August 2014 (has links)
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Florianópolis, 2013. / Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-06T17:08:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 321641.pdf: 1204977 bytes, checksum: 837a840ff8cd329282755f3d0fe3061c (MD5) / Neoplasias hematológicas são cânceres que se iniciam em tecidos produtores de células sanguíneas e no sistema linfático. São principalmente representadas por leucemias e linfomas, sendo que as primeiras podem ser divididas em aguda e crônica dependendo do tempo do desenvolvimento da doença e os segundos por linfoma de Hodgkin e Não-Hodgkin. Ambos os diagnósticos são caracterizados por células sanguíneas anormais que podem desempenhar funções alteradas. Algumas dessas funções celulares desempenham papéis importantes na defesa do organismo contra infecções e podem ser implicadas na investigação de intervenções que busquem melhorar a resposta desses indivíduos ao tratamento. Esse estudo teve como objetivo avaliar parâmetros de funcionalidade de células mononucleares de indivíduos portadores de neoplasias hematológicas (adesão, capacidade fagocítica, volume de vesículas catiônicas, produção de ânion superóxido), atividade da enzima catalase e peroxidação lipídica no plasma, proteínas de fase aguda e indicadores do estado nutricional. Amostras de sangue, dados clínicos e antropométricos foram coletados de dezesseis indivíduos com dezesseis anos ou mais portadores de neoplasias hematológicas atendidos no Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, sem terem iniciado o tratamento quimioterápico. Ensaios espectrofotométricos de adesão, capacidade fagocítica, volume de vesículas catiônicas e produção de ânion superóxido, foram realizados com as células mononucleares do sangue periférico dos participantes, atividade da catalase e peroxidação lipídica com o plasma, albumina e proteína C-reativa (pCr) foram avaliados pelos métodos de vermelho de bromocresol e nefelometria, respectivamente e indicadores do estado nutricional por antropometria. O principal diagnóstico foi leucemia aguda (n=9). A mediana de IMC dos indivíduos indicou excesso de peso (25,6 kg/m2), os valores de albumina (3,20 g/dL), hematócrito (25,40%), hemoglobina (8,30 g/dL), hemácias (2,50 106/mm3) e plaquetas (58000 unidades/mm3), também na mediana, foram menores que os valores de referência. A mediana da proteína C-reativa encontrou-se elevada (37,45 mg/L), também quando comparada aos valores de referência. Albumina sérica foi correlacionada inversamente com o IMC (r=-0.53), referente aos parâmetros de funcionalidade das mononucleares, a adesão celular e a produção de ânion superóxido foram maiores nas leucemias do que nos linfomas, enquanto a capacidade fagocítica e o volume de vesículas catiônicas foi menor, porém essas diferenças não foram significativas (p>0,05). A produção de ânion superóxido em neoplasias hematológicas não teve correlação com a peroxidação lipídica (r=0,26) e atividade da enzima catalase no plasma(r-0,13), entretanto foi encontrada forte correlação positiva entre essas duas últimas variáveis (r=0,75), volume de vesículas catiônicas também foi correlacionado positivamente com a capacidade fagocítica (r=0,42). Esses resultados indicam mudanças nas funcionalidade celulares dos indivíduos com neoplasias hematológicas e em variáveis do estresse oxidativo, com distinção entre os diagnósticos principais e conferem subsídios para realização de estudos futuros que visem avaliar a influência de intervenções nesses parâmetros <br> / Hematological malignancies are cancers that begin in blood-forming tissues and in the lymphatic system. They are mainly represented by leukemias and lymphomas, whereas the first can be divided into acute and chronic depending on disease development and the latter into Hodgkin's lymphoma and Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Both diagnoses are characterized by abnormal blood cells that may have altered functions. Some of these cellular functions play important roles in host defense against infection and may be involved in the investigation of interventions that seek to improve the response to treatment of these individuals. This study aimed to evaluate functionality parameters of mononuclear cells from patients with hematological malignancies (adhesion, phagocytic capacity, volume of cationic vesicles, superoxide anion production), lipid peroxidation and catalase activity in the plasma of these individuals, acute phase proteins and indicators of nutritional status. Blood samples, anthropometric and clinical data were collected from sixteen individuals with sixteen or more years of age with hematologic malignancies treated at the University Hospital of Federal University of Santa Catarina, without having initiated chemotherapy. Spectrophotometric adhesion, phagocytic capacity, volume of cationic vesicles and superoxide anion production assays were performed with peripheral blood mononuclear cells of participants, lipid peroxidation and catalase activity with the plasma, albumin and C-reactive protein (CRP) were assessed by bromocresol red and nephelometry, respectively and indicators of nutritional status by anthropometry. The main diagnosis was acute leukemia (n = 9), median body mass index (BMI) indicated excess body weight (25.6 kg/m2) among the individuals, the median values of albumin (3.20 g/dL), hematocrit (25.40%), hemoglobin (8.30 g/dL), red blood cells (2.50 106/mm3) and platelets (58000 units/mm3) were lower than the reference values, median Creactive protein was high (37.45 mg/L), also when compared to the reference value. Serum albumin was inversely correlated with BMI (r=- 0.53); regarding functionality parameters of mononuclear cells, adhesion and superoxide anion production was higher in leukemias than in lymphomas, whereas phagocytic capacity and the volume of cationic vesicles was lower, but these differences were not significant (p>0.05). The production of superoxide anion in hematological malignancies had no correlation with lipid peroxidation (r=0.26) and catalase activity in plasma (r-0.13), however we found a strong positive correlation between these two variables (r=0.75), volume of cationic vesicles was also positively correlated with phagocytic capacity (r=0.42). These results indicate changes in cell function and oxidative stress variables in individuals with hematological malignancies, distinguishing between the main diagnoses and providing subsidies for future studies aiming to evaluate the influence of interventions on these parameters.
38

Prevenção do estresse oxidativo pela utilização de trolox®, catalase e glutationa no processo de congelação de sêmen ovino

Rodello, Leandro [UNESP] 20 April 2010 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-04-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:45:09Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 rodello_l_dr_botfmvz.pdf: 811998 bytes, checksum: 326e99e01eaabf8835bc27b587a40a8c (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Objetivou-se estudar as implicações da redução na proporção de gema de ovo no meio diluidor Glicina-Gema-Leite e testar a prevenção do estresse oxidativo utilizando os antioxidantes Trolox®, Catalase ou Glutationa no processo de criopreservação de sêmen ovino. No Experimento 1, determinou-se o efeito da redução na proporção da gema de ovo no meio diluidor Glicina-Gema-Leite, utilizando-se quatro ejaculados de cada carneiro das raças Santa Inês (n=4) e Dorper (n=4), colhidos por meio de vagina artificial. Após as avaliações macro e microscópicas, o sêmen foi mantido sob temperatura de 32oC e diluído para atingir-se concentração de 400 x 106 espermatozóides/mL no meio Glicina- Gema-Leite contendo 20% (GGL20), 15% (GGL15), 10% (GGL10) ou 5% (GGL5) (v/v) de gema de ovo. O sêmen foi envasado em palhetas de 0,25 mL, e em seguida, as amostras foram refrigeradas e congeladas em sistema com controle automatizado. A descongelação foi feita em banho-maria à 40oC/20 segundos. A cinética espermática foi determinada em sistema computadorizado de análise de sêmen (CASA) e a integridade total das membranas espermáticas pela combinação dos fluorocromos diacetato de carboxifluoresceína (DIC) e iodeto de propídio (IP). Na análise pósdescongelação, as motilidades total (MT) e progressiva (MP) nos tratamentos GGL10 e GGL5 foram maiores (P<0,05) do que no GGL20. A VAP foi menor em GGL20 dos demais meios (P<0,05) e a VSL foi maior em GGL5 do que em GGL20 (P<0,01). A VCL e o ALH apresentaram maiores valores no GGL10 e GGL5 do que no GGL15 e GGL20 (P<0,01). O BCF no GGL5 foi maior (P<0,05) do que nos demais diluidores e o sêmen criopreservado nos meios GGL10 e GGL5 apresentaram maior percentual de espermatozóides com membranas íntegras do que no meio GGL20 (P<0,05). Frente aos resultados obtidos, o GGL5 foi utilizado como meio base no experimento seguinte. No Experimento 2,... / The objective of the study was the implications of the reduction in the proportion of egg yolk in the extender Glycine-Yolk-Milk and to test the prevention of oxidative stress using antioxidants Trolox, Catalase or glutathione in the process of cryopreservation of ovine semen. In Experiment 1, we determined the effect of reduction in the proportion of egg yolk in the extender Glycine-yolk-milk, using four ejaculates from each ovine of Santa Inês breed (n=4) and Doper breed (n=4), collected using artificial vagina. After the assessment, macro and microscopic, semen was kept at a temperature of 32oC and diluted to achieve concentrations up to 400 x 106 sperm / mL in the extender Glycine-yolk-milk containing 20% (GGL20), 15% (GGL15), 10% (GGL10) ou 5% (GGL5) (v/v) of egg yolk. The semen was stored in straws of 0.25 mL, and then, samples were refrigerated and frozen in system with automated control. Thawing was done in a water bath to 40oC/20 seconds. The kinetics was determined in sperm computerized semen analysis (CASA) and the overall integrity of sperm membranes by the combination of fluorochromes carboxyfluorescein diacetate (DIC) and propidium iodide (IP). In analyzing post-thawing, motilities total (MT) and progressive (MP) in the treatments GGL10 and GGL5 were higher (P <0.05) than in GGL20. The VAP was lower in GGL20 of other means (P <0.05) and VSL was higher in GGL20 than in GGL20 (P <0.01). The VCL and ALH showed higher values in GGL10 and GGL5 than in GGL15 and GGL20 (P <0.01). The BCF in GGL5 was higher (P <0.05) than in the other extenders and cryopreserved semen in the environments GGL10 and GGL5 showed higher percentages of spermatozoon with intact membranes than in the extender GGL20 (P <0.05). Given our results, the GGL5 was used as a base extender in the experiment following. In Experiment 2, ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
39

Prevenção do estresse oxidativo pela utilização de trolox®, catalase e glutationa no processo de congelação de sêmen ovino /

Rodello, Leandro. January 2010 (has links)
Orientador: Sony Dimas Bicudo / Banca: Paulo Henrique Franceschini / Banca: Marciane da Silva Maia / Banca: Maria Denise Lopes / Banca: Cezinande de Meira / Resumo: Objetivou-se estudar as implicações da redução na proporção de gema de ovo no meio diluidor Glicina-Gema-Leite e testar a prevenção do estresse oxidativo utilizando os antioxidantes Trolox®, Catalase ou Glutationa no processo de criopreservação de sêmen ovino. No Experimento 1, determinou-se o efeito da redução na proporção da gema de ovo no meio diluidor Glicina-Gema-Leite, utilizando-se quatro ejaculados de cada carneiro das raças Santa Inês (n=4) e Dorper (n=4), colhidos por meio de vagina artificial. Após as avaliações macro e microscópicas, o sêmen foi mantido sob temperatura de 32oC e diluído para atingir-se concentração de 400 x 106 espermatozóides/mL no meio Glicina- Gema-Leite contendo 20% (GGL20), 15% (GGL15), 10% (GGL10) ou 5% (GGL5) (v/v) de gema de ovo. O sêmen foi envasado em palhetas de 0,25 mL, e em seguida, as amostras foram refrigeradas e congeladas em sistema com controle automatizado. A descongelação foi feita em banho-maria à 40oC/20 segundos. A cinética espermática foi determinada em sistema computadorizado de análise de sêmen (CASA) e a integridade total das membranas espermáticas pela combinação dos fluorocromos diacetato de carboxifluoresceína (DIC) e iodeto de propídio (IP). Na análise pósdescongelação, as motilidades total (MT) e progressiva (MP) nos tratamentos GGL10 e GGL5 foram maiores (P<0,05) do que no GGL20. A VAP foi menor em GGL20 dos demais meios (P<0,05) e a VSL foi maior em GGL5 do que em GGL20 (P<0,01). A VCL e o ALH apresentaram maiores valores no GGL10 e GGL5 do que no GGL15 e GGL20 (P<0,01). O BCF no GGL5 foi maior (P<0,05) do que nos demais diluidores e o sêmen criopreservado nos meios GGL10 e GGL5 apresentaram maior percentual de espermatozóides com membranas íntegras do que no meio GGL20 (P<0,05). Frente aos resultados obtidos, o GGL5 foi utilizado como meio base no experimento seguinte. No Experimento 2, ...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The objective of the study was the implications of the reduction in the proportion of egg yolk in the extender Glycine-Yolk-Milk and to test the prevention of oxidative stress using antioxidants Trolox, Catalase or glutathione in the process of cryopreservation of ovine semen. In Experiment 1, we determined the effect of reduction in the proportion of egg yolk in the extender Glycine-yolk-milk, using four ejaculates from each ovine of Santa Inês breed (n=4) and Doper breed (n=4), collected using artificial vagina. After the assessment, macro and microscopic, semen was kept at a temperature of 32oC and diluted to achieve concentrations up to 400 x 106 sperm / mL in the extender Glycine-yolk-milk containing 20% (GGL20), 15% (GGL15), 10% (GGL10) ou 5% (GGL5) (v/v) of egg yolk. The semen was stored in straws of 0.25 mL, and then, samples were refrigerated and frozen in system with automated control. Thawing was done in a water bath to 40oC/20 seconds. The kinetics was determined in sperm computerized semen analysis (CASA) and the overall integrity of sperm membranes by the combination of fluorochromes carboxyfluorescein diacetate (DIC) and propidium iodide (IP). In analyzing post-thawing, motilities total (MT) and progressive (MP) in the treatments GGL10 and GGL5 were higher (P <0.05) than in GGL20. The VAP was lower in GGL20 of other means (P <0.05) and VSL was higher in GGL20 than in GGL20 (P <0.01). The VCL and ALH showed higher values in GGL10 and GGL5 than in GGL15 and GGL20 (P <0.01). The BCF in GGL5 was higher (P <0.05) than in the other extenders and cryopreserved semen in the environments GGL10 and GGL5 showed higher percentages of spermatozoon with intact membranes than in the extender GGL20 (P <0.05). Given our results, the GGL5 was used as a base extender in the experiment following. In Experiment 2, ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor
40

Metabolismo do dibenzotiofeno por cunninghamella Elegans associados aos estudos morfológicos e Ultraestruturais

Mendes de Souza, Patrícia 31 January 2008 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T15:02:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Considerando o potencial biotecnológico de Cunninghamella elegans em degradar compostos recalcitrantes do meio ambiente, este trabalho teve como finalidade investigar a degradação do dibenzotiofeno por C. elegans associados a estudos morfológicos e ultraestruturais. As amostras tratadas com DBT foram submetidas à cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas GC-MS. Os metabólitos formados, pelo processo de biodegradação do DBT foram 5-óxido dibenzotiofeno, 5,5-dióxido dibenzotiofeno, 2- hidroxibifenil, resultados que sugerem a utilização da via metabólica 4S pelo fungo. Uma segunda via metabólica também é sugerida a via dioxigenação angular, que utiliza o DBT como fonte de carbono, remove o enxofre em forma de sulfito e sulfato e tem como produto final o ácido benzóico. O perfil de crescimento demonstrou que o crescimento de C. elegans foi estimulado pelas concentrações 0,5mM, 1,0mM e 2,0mM de DBT. O total de proteínas extracelulares revelou variações nas condições estudadas. A morfologia de C. elegans apresentou alterações no padrão de ramificação das hifas, variação na forma das ramificações, tornando-se mais curtas, delgadas, bifurcadas, bilaterais ou unilaterais e aparecimento de protuberância na base da ramificação primária em função da concentração do dibenzotiofeno. A análise por microscopia de fluorescência demonstrou variação na distribuição, forma e localização de filamentos de actina. A análise por microscopia eletrônica de varredura demonstrou que hifas de C. elegans em presença de DBT apresentaram menor eletrondensidade, intensa ramificação e corpos intracelulares em diferentes formas e tamanhos. Com a microscopia eletrônica de transmissão foram observadas modificações relativas à quantidade e tamanho de corpos eletrondensos e vacúolos na hifa, menor quantidade de mitocôndrias, variações na textura e eletrondensidade na parede celular. O estudo citoquímico para catalase revelou variações na intensidade e distribuição de produtos de reação na parede celular e no citoplasma nas amostras tratadas com DBT. O presente estudo confirmou o potencial biotecnológico de C. elegans no processo de biodegradação de DBT

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