Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2017-05-23T12:22:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Thiago Feltes Marques_.pdf: 1461587 bytes, checksum: dc52bcfe3a1e36c05d530f5b912ce8e8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-23T12:22:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Thiago Feltes Marques_.pdf: 1461587 bytes, checksum: dc52bcfe3a1e36c05d530f5b912ce8e8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-21 / Nenhuma / O presente trabalho estuda a aplicação do Princípio da Precaução diante dos riscos catastróficos. Os Desastres ambientais possuem potencial magnitude e complexidade, razão pela qual vem sendo desenvolvido no Brasil um ramo do Direito voltado aos riscos e danos catastróficos. Ocorre que, por se tratar de um ramo diferenciado do Direito Ambiental, seus componentes também possuem novas feições. Um deles é o Princípio da Precaução, conceituado no Direito Ambiental como um poderoso mecanismo para lidar com a incerteza científica diante da ameaça de danos sérios ou irreversíveis e ausência de absoluta certeza científica, devendo ser irradiado para concretizar o processo de tomada de decisões no seio da administração do risco, condicionado à observância dos limites estabelecidos pelas normas da proporcionalidade, da não-discriminação (igualdade), da coerência (razoabilidade), conforme os parâmetros da evolução científica de cada local e época. Diante de riscos catastróficos, contudo, o Princípio da Precaução adquire uma forma refinada, pois tendo em vista suas graduações e intensidades diversas onde, quanto maior a expectativa de gravidade (verificado pela Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental), este deve ser mais restritivo. A precaução para catástrofes deve ser mais sensível às informações científicas, pois a magnitude do desastre é muito intensa. Por essa razão, a presente dissertação preocupou-se em observar quais as formas de gestão dos riscos catastróficos, tendo como base as dimensões da incerteza, assim como pretendeu-se aclarar a difícil e complexa questão com os aportes do referencial teórico especializado em Desastres e Princípio da Precaução, permitindo consequentemente enxergar a forma de aplicação da baliza com a lente da antecipação aos riscos catastróficos e seus danos. / The present paper studies the application of the Precautionary Principle in the face of the catastrophic risks. Environmental disasters have potential impact and complexity, which is why Brazil has developed a branch of law focused on risks and catastrophic damages. Whathever, because it’s a branch differentiated from Environmental Law, his components also have new features. One of them is the Precautionary Principle, which is conceptualized in Environmental Law as a powerful mechanism to deal with scientific uncertainty in the face of the threat of serious or irreversible damage and lack of absolute scientific certainty, and must be irradiated to concretize the decision-maker process within the risk management, subject to compliance with the limits established by the rules of proportionality, no-discrimination (equality), consistency (reasonableness), according to the parameters of the scientific evolution of each place and time. In the face of catastrophic risks, however, the Precautionary Principle acquires a refined form, since in view of graduations and differents intensities, the greater the expect of gravity (verified by the Environmental Impact Assessment), the latter must be more restrictive. Caution for catastrophes should be more sensitive to scientific information because the impact of the disaster is very intense. For this reason, the present work was concerned with the management of catastrophic risks, based on the dimensions of uncertainty, on clarifying the difficult and complex issue with the contributions of the theoric framework specialized in Disasters and Precautionary Principle, allowing to see the way of applying the principle with the lens of antecipation to the catastrophic risks and their damages.

Nos sociétés actuelles sont fortement exposées aux risques de catastrophes qu’ils soient d’origine naturelle ou humaine. Le problème des risques majeurs évolue dans le temps, les facteurs favorisant cette évolution sont nombreux : ils peuvent être d’ordre environnemental, technologique, démographique ou socio-économique.La vulnérabilité des pays en voie de développement aux risques de catastrophes est beaucoup plus importante. Cette situation s’explique par plusieurs facteurs dont notamment la qualité de l’infrastructure susceptible d’être touchée, l’absence d’une cartographie de risques qui a pour conséquence directe la construction dans des zones fortement exposées aux catastrophes, l’absence de mesures de prévention, l’absence de politique de financement et de reconstruction des catastrophes. Ceci-dit une conscience est entrain de se développer dans ces régions. Le Maroc figure parmi les pays qui sont très vulnérables aux risques majeurs et c’est pour cela que le gouvernement marocain, avec le concours de la Banque Mondiale et de la coopération Suisse, a décidé de mettre en place une stratégie nationale de gestion intégrée des catastrophes qui comprend un volet indemnisation post-catastrophes inspiré du « régime Cat Nat » français. En effet les assureurs marocains se verront obliger de couvrir les risques catastrophiques par des garanties obligatoires adossées à certains contrats d’assurance.Ce travail propose ainsi d’analyser d’un point de vue opérationnel les différents aspects juridiques de la gestion des risques majeurs : la prévention et le financement des catastrophes. / Our societies are becoming increasingly exposed to the risks of natural or human disasters. Major risks change over time, the factors affecting these changes are diverse and can be environmental, technological, demographic or socio-economic. The vulnerability of developing countries to catastrophic risk is much higher than that of developed nations. This can be explained by several factors, including the quality of infrastructure likely to be affected, the lack of a risk mapping that has the direct consequence of construction in areas highly exposed to disasters, the absence of preventive measures, and the lack of funding and reconstruction policies. That being said, there is growing awareness around these areas.Morocco is among the countries that are highly vulnerable to major risks and that is why the Moroccan government, with the assistance of the World Bank and the Swiss Cooperation has decided to implement a national strategy for integrated management of disasters which includes a post-disaster compensation component based on the French "Cat Nat Plan". Therefore, Moroccan insurers will be required to cover catastrophic risks through mandatory coverage backed by certain insurance contracts.This work proposes to analyze from an operational point of view the various legal aspects of major risks management: prevention and disaster funding.