Understanding the nature of private-public interaction within a development process provides crucial insight into the workings of a new development from the initial vision all the way to post-construction property management. The private and public sectors must work together as partners in the development process, understanding the goals of one another while remaining flexible in their own decision making in order to create a development that best meets the vision of both parties. By studying Cedar Park Town Center and Midtown Commons, located in Cedar Park, Texas and Austin, Texas, respectively, we can grow a greater understanding of how the private-public interaction involved in these cases affected two pioneering mixed-use projects in Central Texas. Utilizing personal interviews as well as documentation from both public and private sources, detailed information was gathered regarding the process and interaction used by private and public parties in both developments. / text

Community Renewal International is a not profit group based in Shreveport, La. whose mission is to partnering with God and with each other to make our world a home where every child can grow up safe and loved. This report is the personal account from the photographer of a photojournalism project covering the organization. It includes the struggles of, stories from, and intention of the photographer. / text

The problem with which this investigation was concerned was the comparison of cedar elm populations in different stands along creeks in Denton County, Texas, and the relationship of certain population parameters to various substrates present at stand sites, Parameters investigated eluded average basal area, basal-area density, transect-segment density, intertree distance, lateral distance, frequency, diameter breast-high, diameter breast-high size-class distribution, and immature-tree density. Variations among populations of Ulmus crassifolia Nutt were noted and analyzed in terms of soil particle size and existing community conditions.

La fonctionnalisation par voie catalytique de substrats naturels a été menée dans le but d’accroître l’activité biologique reconnue de la molécule naturelle de départ ou de découvrir de nouvelles activités. Des réactions catalytiques telles que l’hydroformylation et l’alcoxycarbonylation mettant en jeu le monoxyde de carbone et catalysées par des complexes du rhodium et du palladium ou encore la réaction de cycloisomérisation catalysée par des complexes d’or ou du platine ont déjà permis d’accéder sélectivement à de nouvelles molécules intéressantes. Dans une première partie nous nous sommes intéressés à l’huile essentielle du cèdre de l’atlas (cedrus atlantica) qui est constituée d’une partie hydrocarbure et d’une partie oxygénée. Notre étude s’est focalisée sur la partie oxygénée de l’huile essentielle du cèdre de l’atlas qui est composée de deux cétones isomères, les Z- et E-α- atlantones. La réaction de cyclocarbonylation des alcools allyliques dérivés des α-atlantones a été étudiée. Cette réaction catalysée par des complexes du palladium permet d’obtenir des lactones à 5 et à 6 chainons. Plusieurs systèmes catalytiques de type [PdCl2L2]/SnCl2.2H2O ont été testés, lors de cette étude et nous avons montré que la regiosélectivité de la réaction peut être contrôlée par la nature du ligand utilisé. Ainsi, les ligands monophosphines favorisent la formation des lactones à 6 chainons obtenues sous forme de deux diastéréoisomères et les ligands diphosphines favorisent la formation de celles à 5 chainons obtenues sous forme de quatre diastéréoisomères. Ces lactones sont complètement caractérisées par RMN 1D et 2D et la spectrométrie de masse. Des monocristaux ont été obtenus et analysés par diffraction des rayons X. Dans une deuxième partie, la synthèse d’aldéhydes par réaction d’hydroformylation à partir de l’estragol, un allylbenzène extrait de l’huile essentielle de l’estragon, a été étudiée en présence du système catalytique [Rh(cod)(OMe)]2/ligand phosphole. Ainsi, nous avons évalué l’activité de plusieurs ligands phospholes dans cette réaction d’hydroformylation. Tous les ligands phospholes testés se sont révélés actifs et chimiosélectifs dans la réaction d’hydroformylation d’estragol pour donner majoritairement l’aldéhyde linéaire correspondant. Dans une étude préliminaire, nous avons étudié la réaction de cycloisomérisation d’énynes oxygénés dérivés d’α-atlantones catalysée par des complexes d’or ou du platine. / The catalytic functionnalisation of the natural substrates have been developped to increase their own biological activity or to give them new biological properties. The reactions such as hydroformylation, alkoxycarbonylation and cyclocarbonylation in presence of carbon monoxide catalyzed by rhodium or palladium complexes or cycloisomerisation catalyzed by gold or platinium complexes give an access to new interesting molecules with high selectivity. In first part we have been interested in study of the essential oil of the Atlas Cedar (Cedrus Atlantica). We focused in this study on the oxygenated fraction, which contains the two sesquiterpenic ketone,isomers Z- and E-α-atlantone. Starting from allylic alcohols derived from α-atlantone, the cyclocarbonylation reaction catalyzed by palladium complexes have been investigated. This reaction provide a mixture of five and six membered ring lactones with excellent conversion and excellent chemioselectivity. Different catalytic systems [PdCl2L2]/SnCl2.2H2O or [Pd(OAc)2]/L have been studied. The regiochemical control depends on the nature of the ligand L. The monophosphine ligands favor the formation of the six-membered ring lactones obtained as two diastereomers, while the diphosphine ligands allow the formation of the five- membered ring lactone obtained as four diastereomers. These new lactones were fully characterized by 1D and 2D NMR and mass spectrometry. Monocrystals of the six- and five-membered ring lactones suitable for X-ray diffraction analysis have been obtained. In a second part the hydroformylation reaction of estragol, a natural allylbenzene extracted from the essential oil of estragon, have been studied with the catalytic system [Rh(cod)(OMe)]2/phospholes. All the phosphole ligands show good activities and chemoselectivities in the hydroformylation of estragol and affords the linear aldehyde corresponding as a major product. In a preliminary study, we have investigated the cycloisomerisation reaction of o-tethered enynes derived from α-atlantones catalyzed by gold or platinum complexes.

This document presents a sketch of the engineering and legal considerations necessary to implement a distributed storage flood mitigation system in Iowa. This document first presents the results of a simulation done to assess the advantages of active storage reservoirs over passive reservoirs for flood mitigation. Next, this paper considers how forecasts improve the operation of a single reservoir in preventing floods. After demonstrating the effectiveness of accurate forecasts on a single active storage reservoir, this thesis moves on to a discussion of distributed storage with the idea that the advantages of active reservoirs with accurate forecasting could be applied to the distributed storage system. The analysis of distributed storage begins with a determination of suitable locations for reservoirs in the Clear Creek Watershed, near Coralville, Iowa, using two separate algorithms. The first algorithm selected the reservoirs based on the highest average reservoir depth, while the second located reservoirs based on maximizing the storage in two specific travel bands within the watershed. This paper also discusses the results of a land cover analysis on the reservoirs, determining that, based on the land cover inundated, several reservoirs would cause too much damage to be practical. The ultimate goal of a distributed storage system is to use the reservoirs to protect an urban area from significant flood damage. For this thesis, the Clear Creek data were extrapolated to the Cedar River basin with the intention to evaluate the feasibility and gain a rough approximation of the requirements for a distributed storage system to protect Cedar Rapids. Discussion then centered on an approximation of the distributed storage system that could have prevented the catastrophic Flood of 2008 in Cedar Rapids. There is significant potential for a distributed storage system to be a cost effective way of protecting Cedar Rapids from future flooding on the scale of the Flood of 2008. However, more analysis is needed to more accurately determine the costs and benefits of a distributed storage system in the Cedar River basin. This paper also recommends that a large scale distributed storage system should be controlled by an entity be created within the Iowa Department of Natural Resources. A smaller distributed storage system could be managed by a soil and water conservation subdistrict. Iowa allows for condemnation of the land needed for the gate structures and the flowage easements necessary to build and operate a distributed storage system. Finally, this paper discusses the environmental law concerns with a distributed storage system, particularly the Clean Water Act requirement for a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit.

Statement of Purpose: The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to ascertain the value of the training received in the one-year shorthand program at the Cedar City High School, Cedar City, Utah, as indicated by the graduates of the program; and (2) to suggest ways in which the Cedar City High School business education department may improve the curricula insofar as the one-year shorthand program is concerned. Methods and Sources Used: A follow-up study in the form of a survey was made of the graduates of Cedar City High School who participated in the one-year shorthand program. Permission to perform the study was obtained from the school administration, and names of participants were taken from the school records. A questionnaire containing pertinent information was sent to each graduate participating in the program during the years 1959-1960 and 1965-1966. The responses of each were compiled as a part of this thesis. Summary of Findings: After graduating from the vocational shorthand program, students are finding jobs which require little or no shorthand skill. With 29 out of 76 graduates finding employment in which they can use their shorthand skill, a great deal of information and sources need to be made available to students concerning shorthand job opportunities. Thirty of the graduates made an effort to strengthen their shorthand skills in business college, junior college, and university programs. Sixty-two (72 per cent) of the responding graduates indicated a lower ability level in shorthand than they had attained in high school. Students may not be aware of the educational opportunities available in the community in which they can refresh their shorthand skills. The stenographic office practice course is not used to provide practice in dictation and transcription. Sixty per cent of the graduates were allowed to skip this valuable part of the course in which reinforcement of shorthand skills can be accomplished. Evidently, students would rather take other courses in the school curriculum than continue with the advised shorthand program. Students do not seem to be developing high rates of transcription speeds because of the limited time available in which the skill is taught, learned, and developed. Evidently dictation and transcription skills are taught and learned as separate activities instead of as a fusion of both. The low proficiency demonstrated in transcription activities (18 to 25 words a minute ) may indicate the need for a fused program.

<p><strong>Objectives</strong></p><p>The aim of this study was to compare left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) results derived from gated single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using Cedars-Sinai quantitative gated SPECT (QGS) processing software with results from 2D echocardiography, both obtained in routine clinical diagnostic use.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Methods</strong></p><p>Data from previously performed tests were obtained from 73 patients who had undergone both 2D echocardiography and gated SPECT within a time span of 6 months and had not had significant events that could influence LVEF. LVEF from 2D echocardiography was reassessed to obtain discrete values and then the data was compared using Bland-Altman analysis.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Results</strong></p><p>The correlation between the tests was shown to be good, but precision lacked. Bland-Altman analysis showed a bias of -0.8 percentage points when gated SPECT compared to mean values and 2 standard deviations (SD) ranged from -20.2 to 18.6.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Conclusions</strong></p><p>LVEF values from the two methods can differ quite a bit and comparisons between them should be done with great caution.</p> / <p><strong>Syfte</strong></p><p>Syftet med studien var att jämföra hur bra ultraljud av hjärta och isotopundersökning av hjärta stämmer överens när det gäller att visa hjärtats pumpförmåga.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Metod</strong></p><p>Data från tidigare utförda undersökningar av 73 patienter jämfördes. Patienter som hade gjort båda undersökningarna inom 6 månader och under perioden mellan undersökningarna inte hade haft hjärtinfarkt eller någon annan händelse som kan påverka hjärtats pumpförmåga valdes till studien.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Resultat</strong></p><p>Utslaget över hela studiepopulationen stämde resultaten från de båda undersökningarna bra överens. Jämförde man däremot resultaten från de båda undersökningarna med varandra patient för patient förekom mycket stora variationer.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Slutsats</strong></p><p>Resultaten angående hjärtats pumpförmåga kan skilja sig mycket från varandra. Jämförelser av värden från dessa två metoder bör därför göras med väldigt stor försiktighet.</p>

Objectives The aim of this study was to compare left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) results derived from gated single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using Cedars-Sinai quantitative gated SPECT (QGS) processing software with results from 2D echocardiography, both obtained in routine clinical diagnostic use.   Methods Data from previously performed tests were obtained from 73 patients who had undergone both 2D echocardiography and gated SPECT within a time span of 6 months and had not had significant events that could influence LVEF. LVEF from 2D echocardiography was reassessed to obtain discrete values and then the data was compared using Bland-Altman analysis.   Results The correlation between the tests was shown to be good, but precision lacked. Bland-Altman analysis showed a bias of -0.8 percentage points when gated SPECT compared to mean values and 2 standard deviations (SD) ranged from -20.2 to 18.6.   Conclusions LVEF values from the two methods can differ quite a bit and comparisons between them should be done with great caution. / Syfte Syftet med studien var att jämföra hur bra ultraljud av hjärta och isotopundersökning av hjärta stämmer överens när det gäller att visa hjärtats pumpförmåga.   Metod Data från tidigare utförda undersökningar av 73 patienter jämfördes. Patienter som hade gjort båda undersökningarna inom 6 månader och under perioden mellan undersökningarna inte hade haft hjärtinfarkt eller någon annan händelse som kan påverka hjärtats pumpförmåga valdes till studien.   Resultat Utslaget över hela studiepopulationen stämde resultaten från de båda undersökningarna bra överens. Jämförde man däremot resultaten från de båda undersökningarna med varandra patient för patient förekom mycket stora variationer.   Slutsats Resultaten angående hjärtats pumpförmåga kan skilja sig mycket från varandra. Jämförelser av värden från dessa två metoder bör därför göras med väldigt stor försiktighet.

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The objective of this thesis is to analyze the bilateral relations between Lebanon and Syria between the years 1989-2005. In the defined time period, the Lebanese-Syrian relations were characterized by the establishment and fall of the Syrian domination over Lebanon. This study focuses on this transformation in their relations and mainly questions how the Lebanese-Syrian relations were transformed, how it affected and in turn were affected by the broader regional setting. Accordingly, the thesis is consistent of four main parts. In each historically divided time period, the major determinants of the direction of their relations and the changes and continuities in regard to these determinants are investigated. In the first part, the study focuses on the historical evolution of their relations with due attention to the dispatchment of Lebanon from Greater Syria and post-independence period. In the second part, their relations are analyzed in the era of Lebanese civil war which also signifies the beginning of active and effective Syrian involvement in Lebanese affairs. The third part encompasses the period of unquestioned Syrian domination over Lebanon in the post-civil war period up until the year 2000. In the fourth part, the changes in the direction of their relations studied in relate to the role of changing international and regional environment in affecting their relations.