Spelling suggestions: "subject:"well differentiation"" "subject:"cell differentiation""
381 |
Analysis of CR2/CD21 transcriptional regulation by chromatin structural variation and notch activity in human cell modelsCruickshank, Mark January 2007 (has links)
[Truncated abstract] Human complement receptor 2 (CR2/CD21) is a cell surface glycoprotein detected on specific cells involved in immunity, which binds complement C3 cleavage fragments, cellular ligands IFN-? and CD23 as well as the EBV coat protein, gp350/220. During the early stages of B-cell development CR2/CD21 is silenced. Expression is initiated on immature B-cells escaping negative selection. During peripheral maturation CR2/CD21 is up-regulated with B-cell sub-populations showing distinctive surface levels (comparatively low, intermediate or high). CR2/CD21 is silenced upon terminal plasmacytic differentiation. Appropriate timing and expression level of CR2/CD21 is important for the development of a healthy B-cell repertoire. Previous studies have identified sequences within the proximal promoter and first intron of CR2/CD21 that cooperate within native chromatin to control cell-specific silencing. Further, analysis of cultured human cells has revealed chromatin structural variation causing DNase I hypersensitivity at these regulatory sites in a CR2/CD21-expressing mature B-cell line (Raji) which are absent in a non-lymphoid cell type (K562). The primary focus of the present study involved characterising chromatin structural variation over previously recognized DNase I hypersensitive regions at the CR2/CD21 locus in human cells to understand how chromatin structure might regulate developmental expression of CR2/CD21. ... These studies provide evidence that notch signaling influences CR2/CD21 expression in human cell lines. First, in vivo binding of CBF1 to CR2/CD21 sequences in the proximal promoter and CRS implies that CR2/CD21 is a direct target of notch activation. Second, the effect of exogenous notch signalling molecules on CR2/CD21 proximal promoter activity was modulated by factors binding tandem E-boxes near the transcriptional start site suggesting that the notch pathway may also influence CR2/CD21 expression via control of HLH molecules. Third, initiation of CR2/CD21 expression was observed in a nonexpressing pre-B cell line (Reh) by co-culture with stromal cells expressing a notch ligand (OP9-DL) but not control stroma (OP9-GFP). Together, these findings support a role for notch regulation of B-cell maturation and invite speculation that initiation of CR2/CD21 expression following negative selection of immature B-cells involves crosstalk between HLH transcriptional regulators and the notch pathway. Furthermore, the Reh/OP9-DL co-culture system may provide a model to directly study the relationship between cell signalling molecules, transcription factor regulation, chromatin structural variation and differentiation of B-cells.
|
382 |
The calcitonin gene family of peptides : receptor expression and effects on bone cells /Granholm, Susanne, January 2008 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Univ., 2008. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.
|
383 |
Estrogen receptor signalling in mammary epithelial cells /Hedengran Faulds, Malin, January 2004 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2004. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.
|
384 |
Characterisation of human fetal mesenchymal stem cells /Götherström, Cecilia, January 2004 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2004. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.
|
385 |
Aberrancies associated with dendritic cells and T lymphocytes in type 1 diabetes /Skarsvik, Susanne, January 2005 (has links) (PDF)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Linköping : Linköpings universitet, 2005. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.
|
386 |
Investigating the function of anaplastic lymphoma kinase /Vernersson Lindahl, Emma, January 2008 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Univ., 2009. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.
|
387 |
Hyposialylation regulates [alpha]4[beta]1 integrin binding to VCAM-1Woodard-Grice, Alencia V. January 2008 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2008. / Title from first page of PDF file (viewed on June 29, 2009). Includes bibliographical references.
|
388 |
Neural stem and progenitor cells cellular responses to known and novel factors /Larsson, Jimmy, January 2010 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Uppsala universitet, 2010. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.
|
389 |
Regulação das células mesenquimais da matriz do cordão umbilical canino durante a osteogênese /Gonzaga, João Paulo Ignácio January 2017 (has links)
Orientador: Teresa Cristina Cardoso da Silva / Banca: Roberto Gameiro de Carvalho / Banca: Andréa Fontes Garcia / Resumo: As células mesenquimais derivadas da geleia de Wharton isoladas da matriz do cordão umbilical canino tem sido sugeridas como uma fonte promissora de MSCs para serem usadas nas aplicações clínicas em ciência veterinária, como uma ferramenta potencialmente efetiva na regeneração óssea. MicroRNA (miARN) é um regulador pós-transcricional da expressão gênica em várias condições fisiológicas, incluindo a osteogênese. Neste estudo, as MSCs caninos (cMSCs) isoladas da geléia de Wharton foram induzidos a osteogênese e a transcrição de miR-106b foi avaliada em 0, 7, 14 e 21 dias após a indução. Em outro experimento, as cMSC foram transfectadas com um imitador de miR106b e um inibidor e induzidos a osteogênese. Morfologicamente, cMSCs transfectadas com um inibidor de miR-106b produziram células semelhantes a osteócitos quando comparadas às mesmas células transfectadas com o mímico de miR-106b. cMSCs apresentaram transcrição de miR-106b após 7 dias de osteoindução em um nível baixo em comparação com o controle positivo, enquanto as células transfectadas com o mímico de miR-106b mostraram que o miR-106b deveria ser regulado positivamente. Após a inibição da expressão de miR-106b em cMSCs osteoinduzidas, a atividade da fosfatase alcalina (ALP) foi aumentada. A transcrição do mRNA de osteocalcina, osteopontina e RUNX2 foi regulada positivamente aos 21 dias após a osteoindução, após a inibição de miR106b. Esses achados, pela primeira vez, mostraram que a expressão de miR106b regula negativam... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Wharton's jelly derived-MSCs isolated from canine umbilical cord matrix have been suggested as a promising source of MSCs to be used for clinical applications in veterinary science, as a potentially effective tool in bone regeneration. MicroRNA (miRNA) is a post-transcriptional regulator of gene expression in several physiological conditions, including osteogenesis In this study, canine MSCs (cMSCs) isolated from Wharton's jelly were induced to osteogenesis and miR-106b transcription was measured at 0, 7, 14 and 21 days following induction. In another experiment, cMSCs were transfected with a miR106b mimic and an inhibitor and induced to osteogenesis. Morphologically, cMSCs transfected with an inhibitor of miR-106b appeared as osteocyte-like cells when compared to the same cells transfected with the mimic of miR-106b. cMSCs showed miR-106b transcription after 7 days of osteoinduction was at a low level compared to the positive control, whereas transfected cells with the miR-106b mimic showed miR-106b to be upregulated. After inhibition of miR-106b expression in osteoinduced cMSCs, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was increased. Osteocalcin, osteopontin and RUNX2 mRNA transcription were upregulated at 21 days after osteoinduction following miR-106b inhibition. These findings have, for the first time, shown that the expression of miR-106b negatively regulates osteogenesis in canine MSCs derived from Wharton's jelly and seems to interfere with cell differentiation. / Mestre
|
390 |
Caracterização da diferenciação neural induzida por ácido retinóico da linhagem de neuroblastoma humano SH-SY5Y e seu uso como ferramenta para pesquisa em neurociênciasLopes, Fernanda Martins January 2012 (has links)
Os mecanismos moleculares que levam ao dano da via nigroestriatal durante a progressão da Doença de Parkinson (DP) ainda não estão totalmente elucidados. Dessa forma, existe a necessidade de desenvolver modelos experimentais adequados para o estudo desse distúrbio neurodegenerativo. A linhagem de neuroblastoma humano SH-SY5Y tratada com neurotoxinas indutoras deste distúrbio (ex.: 6-hidroxidopamina - 6-OHDA) é amplamente utilizada como modelo in vitro da DP. Muitos estudos mostram que esta linhagem pode ser diferenciada em células dopaminérgicas através da combinação da diminuição do soro fetal bovino (SFB) em meio de cultura e da adição de neurotrofinas como o ácido retinóico (AR). No entanto, há poucos estudos mostrando as diferenças entre células proliferativas e diferenciadas da linhagem de neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y, além do efeito do tratamento com 6-OHDA. Ainda, não há um consenso nos protocolos de diferenciação. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi estabelecer um protocolo de diferenciação dopaminérgica da linhagem de neuroblastoma humano SH-SY5Y, bem como avaliar a potencialidade do modelo como plataforma para o screening de neurotoxicidade/neuroproteção de compostos e a possibilidade de manipulação gênica. As células proliferativas SH-SY5Y foram mantidas em meio de cultura DMEM/F12 (1:1) suplementado com 10% de SFB. A diferenciação foi induzida pela combinação de 10 μM de AR e meio de cultura com 1% de SFB durante 4, 7 e 10 dias. Foram avaliados parâmetros morfológicos (presença de neuritos) e neuroquímicos, através marcadores de diferenciação neuronal (DAT- transportador de dopamina; TH – tirosina hidroxilase; ENS – enolase neurônio específica; NeuN – proteína nuclear de neurônio; Nestina). Ainda, avaliamos parâmetros de estresse oxidativo através da atividade de enzimas antioxidantes e dos níveis de tióis reduzidos. Nossos dados mostraram que as células SH-SY5Y diferenciadas por 7 dias apresentaram mudanças morfológicas e o aumento do imunoconteúdo de todos os marcadores neuronais testados, e a concomitantemente diminuição do imunoconteúdo de nestina (marcador de células indiferenciadas). Além disso, o fenótipo neuronal apresentou uma maior atividade de alguns sistemas antioxidantes. Também foi avaliada a citotoxicidade frente ao H2O2 e à 6-OHDA nos dois fenótipos. As células diferenciadas se mostraram mais resistentes ao dano causado pelo H2O2 e mais sensíveis à 6-OHDA. Dessa forma, a citotoxicidade da 6-OHDA pode estar relacionada com o aumento do imunoconteúdo do DAT, visto que a neurotoxina entra na célula dopaminérgica através deste transportador. Interessantemente, as células diferenciadas apresentaram aumento dos níveis da proteína neuroprotetora DJ-1, que está relacionada a uma forma prematura de Parkinsonismo em humanos. Após a caracterização do modelo, nós utilizamos o fenótipo diferenciado como plataforma experimental para o screening de compostos neuroprotetores como os organocalcogênios. Nós determinamos a citotoxidade destes compostos em células diferenciadas da linhagem de neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y. A partir destes dados, foram selecionados compostos com baixa citotoxicidade e avaliamos a morfologia celular (densidade de neuritos). Nós verificamos que antes da perda de viabilidade, ocorre a perda de neuritos, sendo que este parâmetro é outra vantagem do modelo de célula diferenciada para avaliação da neurototoxicidade. Ainda, verificamos que estes compostos são capazes de prevenir o dano celular causado pela 6-OHDA. Além disso, nós caracterizamos a capacidade do modelo de ser manipulado geneticamente através da transfecção e superexpressão de plasmídeo contendo a proteína verde fluorescente, onde verificamos que a expressão é mantida durante a diferenciação. Dessa forma, nossos dados mostraram a eficácia da padronização da diferenciação induzida por AR da linhagem de neuroblastoma humano SH-SY5Y, pois estas células apresentam características morfológicas e neuroquímicas adequadas de neurônio dopaminérgico bem como pode ser aplicado não só para avaliação de neurototoxicidade/neuroproteção, mas também pode ser manipulado geneticamente. / The molecular mechanisms underlying the massive cellular loss found in the nigrostriatal pathway during the progression of Parkinson’s disease (PD) are not completely understood. Therefore, it is important to develop more suitable experimental models to study the molecular mechanisms of this neurodegenerative disorder. Proliferative human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y challenged with neurotoxins (e.g.: 6-hydroxydopamine – 6-OHDA) has been widely used as an in vitro model for PD. Many lines of evidence showed that this cell line differentiates with the combination of lower fetal bovine serum (FBS) and retinoic acid (RA) to dopaminergic-like neural cell. However, there are few studies addressing the differences between proliferative and RA-differentiated SH-SY5Y cells as well as their responses to 6-OHDA cytotoxicity. Moreover, there is no consensus in differentiation protocols. Hence, the objective of this study was to establish a RAinduced dopaminergic differentiation protocol and also evaluate its capabilities for drug screening of neurotoxicity/neuroprotection and genetic manipulation. Exponentially growing SH-SY5Y cells were maintained with DMEM/F12 (1:1) medium plus 10% FBS. Differentiation was triggered by the combination of 10 μM of RA plus medium with 1% of FBS during 4, 7 and 10 days. We evaluated the cell morphology (neurites) and the neuronal markers (Dopamine Transporter- DAT, Tyrosine Hydroxylase-TH, Neuron-Specific Enolase-NSE, Neuronal Nuclei Protein- NeuN, and Nestin immunocontent). Furthermore, we verify the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the reduced thiol levels. Our data demonstrated that SH-SY5Y cells differentiated for 7 days expresses all neuronal markers tested with concomitant decrease in nondifferentiated marker (nestin). Besides, they showed a higher activity of some antioxidant systems. We also evaluated the cytotoxicity of H2O2 and 6-OHDA in both phenotypes. Differentiated cells are more resistant to H2O2 and more sensitive to 6- OHDA. Hence, the damage caused by 6-OHDA could be related with the increase of DAT immuncontent, because this neurotoxin enters into the dopaminergic cell through this transporter. Interestingly, the differentiated cells have more levels of neuroprotective DJ-1 protein, which is related with a juvenile Parkinsonism. After establish the conditions of differentiation, we used the neuronal phenotype to perform a drug screening with organoselenide compounds. We verify the cytotoxicity of these compounds in differentiated cells. From these data, we selected compounds with low toxicity and evaluated the cell morphology (neurites density). We verify that before the loss of viability, there is a loss of neurites. This parameter is another advantage of the differentiated cells model to neurotoxicity evaluation. Moreover, these compounds were able to prevent neuronal cell death caused by 6-OHDA. We also characterized the ability of the model to be manipulated genetically through transfection and overexpression of a green fluorescent protein (GFP) plasmid. We verify that the expression of GFP is maintained during the differentiation. Hence, our data showed the efficacy of the RA-induced differentiation protocol of the neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y, because these cells have morphological and neurochemical characteristics of dopaminergic neurons. Furthermore, the neuronal phenotype can be applyed not only to evaluate neurocytotoxicity/neuroprotection but also can be manipulated genetically.
|
Page generated in 0.1233 seconds