京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第19041号 / 農博第2119号 / 新制||農||1032(附属図書館) / 学位論文||H27||N4923(農学部図書室) / 31992 / 京都大学大学院農学研究科応用生命科学専攻 / (主査)教授 植田 充美, 教授 渡邊 隆司, 教授 梅澤 俊明 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第20440号 / 農博第2225号 / 新制||農||1049(附属図書館) / 学位論文||H29||N5061(農学部図書室) / 京都大学大学院農学研究科応用生命科学専攻 / (主査)教授 植田 充美, 教授 小川 順, 教授 渡邊 隆司 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Supplementary information 追加（2019-09-30) / 京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第21344号 / 医博第4402号 / 新制||医||1031(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 柳田 素子, 教授 山下 潤, 教授 江藤 浩之 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

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No description available.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第23237号 / 農博第2444号 / 新制||農||1083(附属図書館) / 学位論文||R3||N5327(農学部図書室) / 京都大学大学院農学研究科応用生命科学専攻 / (主査)教授 植田 充美, 教授 小川 順, 教授 栗原 達夫 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Cell surface RNA (csRNA) is a recent discovery in the field of RNA biology and has been implicated in playing important roles in many biological processes due to its extracellular properties. To understand the biogenesis, regulation, and function of csRNA, it is critical to develop methods to detect, isolate, and confidently characterize membrane-bound csRNA. Previously, csRNA has been profiled using methods based on cell membrane isolation that are expensive, laborious, and with unsatisfactory specificity and sensitivity . In this study, we use metabolic labeling and chemical cross-linking techniques to specifically label csRNA with biotin handles. We intended to use this technique for separating biotin-labeled csRNA from total RNA samples for characterization purposes. The primary materials that were used to label such csRNAs are 4-Thiouridine (4sU), an unnatural nucleotide analogue, and S-(2-aminoethyl)-ester-methanesulfonothioic-acid-biotin (MTSEA-biotin), a crosslinker designed specifically to label 4sU. By deploying these tools to cell lines such as HEK293T and HeLa, csRNA is detectable by Enhanced Chemiluminescent detection via Dot Blot. Furthermore, to separate biotin-labeled csRNA from total RNA, streptavidin-coated magnetic bead separation procedures could be used as a promising method for purifying csRNA from total RNA, for RNAseq characterization. This study highlights the processes of establishing the csRNA detection protocol and describes the current status and issues with developing the streptavidin-coated magnetic beads separation method. / Master of Science in Life Sciences / The 'central dogma' is a term that describes the process of DNA (a template-like molecule that holds all genetic coding within cells) transcribing into mRNA (a messenger molecule that transports this message to the ribosome) which is then translated into proteins (large, complex molecular machinery that is responsible for many biochemical functions within the body). However, RNA has been found to have a much wider range of functions than just being an intermediate messenger between DNA and proteins. Recently, short snippets of single nucleotide RNA strands have been discovered to be present on the outer cell membrane of certain mammalian cell types. The function of cell surface RNA (csRNA) is largely undiscovered, however, csRNA are likely involved in cell-cell interactions similar to outer membrane proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. Currently, methods involved in detecting and characterizing csRNA are laborious, time extensive, and with unsatisfactory specificity and sensitivity. This study aims to develop novel methods to detect csRNA on different cell types in an undemanding and trustworthy manner to speed up research timelines while maintaining high confidence in results. Our design is to use metabolic labeling and click-chemistry to 'label' the csRNA. In this study, we describe early signs of detecting csRNA and how this was achieved. Additionally, the current status for separating and profiling csRNA sequences is discussed.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2005. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Uppsala universitet, 2008. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

New Zealand Black/White F₁ hybrid (NZB/W) and MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr (MRL/lpr) mice spontaneously develop a Systemic Lupus Erythematosus-like autoimmune disease. While the primary immunologic defect in the NZB/W is due to B cells, in the MRL/lpr it is a result of T cell abnormalities. Diethyldithiocarbamate (DTC), an agent suggested to enhance T cell function, was used to treat both strains. Weekly treatment of NZB/W mice with 25 mg/kg DTC had no significant effect upon survival or autoantibody levels but did induce changes in cell surface antigen expression. MRL/lpr mice treated with DTC displayed normalization of cell surface antigen expression (particularly increased expression of Lyt-2, macrophage markers and Lyt-2⁺/L3T4⁺ thymocytes), decreased lymphoproliferation and thymic atrophy, decreased serum autoantibody levels and kidney deposition of C3 and IgM, restored responses to mitogens and significantly prolonged survival. To determine both the influence of MRL background and lpr genes and to better understand on what cell populations DTC effects, changes in cell surface antigen expression were examined in DTC treated MRL-+/+, Balb/c, and Balb/lpr strains. The only consistent similarities observed between all strains tested were DTC induced changes in Mac-1 splenocyte surface antigen expression. In vitro studies showed DTC to have variable effects upon the mitogenic responses of lymphoid cells to phytohemagluttinin, but DTC alone stimulated both MRL/lpr and Balb/lpr lymphocytes. DTC stimulated the null cell population that predominates in lpr gene-bearing mice, but all observed in vitro effects of DTC were dependent upon the adherent cell population included in culture. DTC had no apparent direct effects upon adherent cells alone however. These studies have shown that DTC is capable of positive effects upon one autoimmune murine strain, the MRL/lpr, but not the NZB/W. DTC appears to affect macrophages, but other cell populations are required to obtain full activity of this compound. The variable effects of DTC emphasize the need to define the immunopathology of individual patients with autoimmune disease before initiating treatment with immunomodulative therapy.