Submitted by Nara Lays Domingues Viana Oliveira (naradv) on 2015-08-05T19:25:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RosangelaBerschEngCivil.pdf: 4573683 bytes, checksum: bcd59ec2871283c130461a507acc1ace (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-05T19:25:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RosangelaBerschEngCivil.pdf: 4573683 bytes, checksum: bcd59ec2871283c130461a507acc1ace (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-03 / PROSUP - Programa de Suporte à Pós-Gradução de Instituições de Ensino Particulares / A cristalização de sais é uma patologia importante e freqüentemente observada em alvenarias. No entanto é ainda uma das patologias menos compreendidas. O objetivo deste trabalho é justamente avaliar o impacto da florescência de sais solúveis em corpos-de-prova cerâmicos desenvolvidos com lodo de fosfatização. Para tanto, foram moldados corpos-de-prova com 0; 2,5% e 5% (em peso) de lodo, os quais foram sinterizados a temperatura de 750ºC, 850ºC, 950ºC e 1050ºC. Os corpos-de-prova foram divididos em dois grupos, dos quais um foi mantido sob temperatura e umidade controladas e o outro, submetido a ciclos de molhagem e secagem. Os grupos foram ensaiados em 1, 30, 110 e 180 dias. Foram submetidos à análise de imagem (através de Lupa binocular, software gráfico e microscopia eletrônica de varredura), absorção de água por capilaridade, porosimetria por intrusão de mercúrio e resistência à flexão. Para análise química e das fases presentes, foram realizadas análises via difração de raios-x, fluorescência de raios-x e espectrometria de emissão atômica. Os resultados indicam a presença de alumínio, silício, cálcio, potássio, enxofre, ferro e manganês, dos quais se destaca a combinação entre o enxofre e cálcio. Desta forma, a gipsita é tida como provável responsável pelos sais solúveis, cujos depósitos foram encontrados sob variada extensão e intensidade, predominado nos corposde-prova com adição de lodo. A variação da porosidade e a aparente diminuição do coeficiente de absorção capilar ao longo dos ensaios podem ser associadas aos processos de solubilização e recristalização da gipsita. No tempo de ciclagem estudado, o fenômeno não apresentou influência na resistência mecânica dos corpos-de-prova. / The crystallization of salts is an important and frequently observed pathology in masonry. However, it is still one of the least understood pathologies. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of florescence of soluble salts in ceramic blocks developed with phosphate sludge. For this purpose, blocks were molded with 0, 2.5% and 5% of phosphate sludge, which were sintered at temperatures of 750°C, 850°C, 950°C and 1050 ° C. The blocks were divided into two groups, one of which was kept under controlled temperature and humidity and the other was subjected to wetting and drying cycles. The groups were tested at 1, 30, 110 and 180 days. They were subjected to image analysis (binocular magnifying glass, graphic software and scanning electron microscopy), capillary water absorption, mercury intrusion porosimetry and flexural strength. The methods, x-ray diffraction, x-ray fluorescence and emission spectrometry, were used to investigate the phase and chemical composition. The results indicate the presence of aluminum, silicon, calcium, potassium, sulfur, iron and manganese, among which stands out the combination of sulfur and calcium. Thus, the gypsite is considered to be likely responsible for the soluble salts, whose deposits were found in varying extent and intensity, prevailing in the blocks with addition of waste. The variation in porosity and the apparent decrease in the coefficient of capillary absorption along the tests may be associated with the processes of solubilization and recrystallization. In cycling time studied, the phenomenon did not influence the mechanical strength of specimens.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:07:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PriscyllaCAGpdf.pdf: 2221940 bytes, checksum: 25a80df63d59147dc3816d52fcd0e65b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-21 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / This work main objective is to study the use of bricks in barium X-rays rooms in order to contribute to the optimization of shielding rooms diagnosis. The work was based on experimental measurements of X-ray attenuation (40 to 150 kV), using ceramic seal bearing the incorporation of barium sulfat (BaSO4). Different formulations were studied in three different firing temperatures and evaluated for incorporation in the ceramic body. The composition of 20% of barite processed at a temperature of 950 ? C showed better physical and mechanical properties, is considered the most suitable for the purpose of this work. Were produced bricks sealing composition formulated based on that presented the best technological features. These blocks were tested physically as a building material and wall protective barrier. Properties such as visual, deviation from the square, face flatness, water absorption and compressive strength were evaluated for all the blocks produced. The behavior of this material as attenuator for X-rays was investigated by experimental results which take into account mortar manufacturers barium through the different strains and compared with the reference material (Pb). The simulation results indicated that the ceramic block barium shows excellent properties of attenuation equivalence lead taking into account the energy used in diagnostic X-ray / Este trabalho tem por finalidade principal estudar a utiliza??o de blocos cer?micos baritados em salas de radia??o X, visando contribuir para a otimiza??o da blindagem de salas de diagn?stico. O trabalho foi baseado em medidas experimentais de atenua??o da radia??o X (40 a 150 kV), empregando material cer?mico de veda??o contendo a incorpora??o de sulfato de b?rio (BaSO4). Diferentes formula??es foram estudadas em tr?s temperaturas de queima diferentes e avaliadas as incorpora??es na massa cer?mica. A composi??o de 20% de barita processada a temperatura de 950?C, apresentou melhores propriedades f?sicas e mec?nicas, sendo considerada a mais adequada para a proposta deste trabalho. Foram produzidos blocos cer?micos de veda??o baseados na composi??o formulada que apresentou melhores caracter?sticas tecnol?gicas. Estes blocos foram testados fisicamente como material construtivo de parede e barreira protetora. Propriedades como caracter?sticas visuais, desvio com rela??o ao esquadro, planeza das faces, absor??o de ?gua e resist?ncia ? compress?o foram avaliadas para todos os blocos produzidos. O comportamento deste material como atenuador para a radia??o X foi investigado por meio de resultados experimentais que levaram em considera??o fabricantes de argamassas baritadas atrav?s das diferentes tens?es e comparado com o material de refer?ncia (Pb). Os resultados obtidos nas simula??es indicaram que o bloco cer?mico baritado demonstra ?timas propriedades de atenua??o em equival?ncia ao chumbo levando-se em conta as energias usadas em raios X diagn?stico

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2017-06-05T14:55:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Bruna Liliane Brenner_.pdf: 2490760 bytes, checksum: 60445eff926b3f639cef6a24f01ba88f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-05T14:55:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bruna Liliane Brenner_.pdf: 2490760 bytes, checksum: 60445eff926b3f639cef6a24f01ba88f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-14 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A necessidade da minimização dos impactos ambientais causados pelas mais diversas atividades humanas fica mais evidente a cada ano. Esta realidade leva pesquisadores a buscar alternativas para a otimização do uso de recursos naturais como a água e a energia. A energia proveniente de fontes hidrelétricas e termoelétricas é um recurso largamente consumido no Brasil, em grande parte pelas edificações. Diversas discussões a respeito da ampliação da eficiência energética nos edifícios levam, consequentemente, à questão do desempenho térmico. Em alternativa às soluções para ampliação do desempenho térmico com custo elevado, exigência de mão de obra especializada e acréscimo de tempo ao cronograma da obra em edificações, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar o efeito do uso de isolantes térmicos no interior das cavidades dos blocos cerâmicos componentes da alvenaria. Esta apresenta-se como uma opção de isolamento facilitada em relação a outras técnicas conhecidas no mercado. O estudo foi realizado através de análises em protótipos de escala reduzida. Foram construídos quatro protótipos experimentais na cidade de São Leopoldo, RS sendo um deles utilizado como referência, representando a forma convencional de construção da alvenaria de blocos e os demais com as cavidades de seus blocos constituintes preenchidas com três diferentes tipos de isolantes térmicos: Esferas soltas de EPS, EPS de baixa densidade e perlita expandida. Nesta pesquisa foi utilizado EPS em forma de resíduo de uma empresa da região. Após a realização da pesquisa, coleta de dados e análise dos resultados verificou-se que os protótipos com isolamento apresentaram oscilações térmicas diárias minimamente menores em relação ao referência sendo as mais baixas obtidas pelo protótipo com preenchimento em EPS de baixa densidade, seguido pela perlita expandida e EPS em esferas. Apesar disto devido ao fato de estas terem sido muito pequenas não é possível afirmar que a utilização de isolantes térmicos no interior das cavidades de blocos cerâmicos constituintes da alvenaria pode trazer benefícios para o desempenho térmico em edificações em escala real. A utilização de isolantes em forma de resíduos apresentou-se como uma alternativa para reduzir custos com isolamento. / The need to minimize the environmental impacts caused by the most diverse human activities is more evident each year. This reality leads researchers to seek alternatives for optimizing the natural resources use such as water and energy. Energy from hydroelectric and thermoelectric sources is a widely used resource in Brazil, largely by buildings. Several discussions about increase energy efficiency in buildings therefore lead to the issue of thermal performance. As an alternative to solutions to increase the thermal performance with high cost, demand of specialized labor and increase of time to the work schedule in buildings, this research had as objective to analyze the effect of the use of thermal insulation inside the cavities of the ceramic blocks components of masonry. This is presented as an easier insulation option in relation to other techniques known in the market. The study was carried out through small scale prototype analyzes. Four experimental prototypes were constructed in São Leopoldo, RS, one of them being used as reference, representing the conventional construction form of the blocks masonry and the others with the cavities of its constituent blocks filled with three different thermal insulation types: EPS spheres, low density EPS and expanded perlite. In this research EPS was used in waste form from a company in the region. After the research, data collection and the results analysis, it was verified that the prototypes with insulation presented daily thermal oscillations minimally smaller in relation to the reference, being the lowest ones obtained by the prototype with low density EPS filling, followed by the expanded perlite and EPS spheres. Despite the fact that these diferences were very small, it is not possible to state that the use of thermal insulation inside the ceramic block cavities constituent of the masonry can bring benefits to the thermal performance in real buildings. The use of insulators in the form of residues was presented as an alternative to reduce costs with insulation.

The present work has as its main objective to analyze the influence of the mortar bedding in the resistance to compression of small structure masonry walls. For this study were used two types of ceramic blocks (bulk wall blocks and hollow wall blocks), three types of mortar (2 Mpa, 4 Mpa and 10 Mpa) and two types of mortar bedding: whole bedding when the blocks are bedded with mortar in all contact surfaces and longitudinal bedding when the blocks are bedded with only two longitudinal lines (external thickness of the block). Two types dos blocks and mortar were individually characterized through various specific norms tests and afterwards 72 small walls were built. The small walls were built with the pattern dimension of 140 mm x 450 mm x 900 mm being 4 rows in height + u low channel length of one and a half blocks and width of one block. The blocks at the extremities of the walls were already mounted bathed in a cement paste. The analyses of the results show that for the 2 Mpa mortar, bulk wall block and whole bedding the average resistance is 4.68 Mpa and for the 10 Mpa mortar considering the same conditions the average resistance increases to 6.57 Mpa (40.4%). For the 2 Mpa mortar, hollow wall blocks and longitudinal mortar bedding the average resistance is 2.9 Mpa and for the 10 Mpa mortar, considering the same conditions the average resistance increased to 3.33 Mpa (14.8%) / O presente trabalho tem com objetivo principal analisar a influência do tipo de argamassamento na resistência à compressão de pequenas paredes de alvenaria estrutural cerâmica. Para o estudo, foram utilizados dois tipos de blocos cerâmicos (paredes maciças e paredes vazadas), três tipos de argamassa (2, 4 e 10 MPa) e dois tipos argamassamento: pleno quando os blocos são assentados com argamassa em todas as suas paredes (superfície de contato) e longitudinal quando o bloco é assentado com argamassa colocada somente em dois filetes longitudinais (paredinhas externas do bloco). Os tipos de blocos e de argamassas foram caracterizados individualmente através de diversos ensaios específicos de norma e posteriormente foram confeccionadas de 72 pequenas paredes. As pequenas paredes tinham dimensões 140 mm x 450 mm x 900 mm sendo: altura de 4 fiadas + 1 canaleta u baixa de 9 cm comprimento de 1 bloco e meio largura de um bloco. Os blocos das extremidades das paredes foram montados já capeados com pasta de cimento. A análise dos resultados mostrou que, para a argamassa de 2 MPa, bloco de paredes maciças e argamassamento pleno, a resistência média é de 4,68 MPa e, para a argamassa de 10 MPa, mantendose as demais condições, a resistência média aumenta para 6,57 MPa (40,4%). Já para a argamassa de 2 MPa , bloco de paredes maciças e argamassamento longitudinal, a resistência média é de 2,90 MPa e, para a argamassa de 10 MPa, mantendose as demais condições, a resistência média aumenta para 3,33 MPa (14,8%)

This work has as main objective to analyze the influence of the ceramic block geometry in the mechanical performance of the structural masonry, under centered compression, when mortars with resistance varied are used. Two types of ceramic blocks geometries are studied: one with drained walls (BPV) and the other with solid walls (BPM), possessing approximate resistances of 30MPa, in relation to their liquid area; also four mortar lines with resistances between 4MPa and 17Mpa were used. The experimental program includes the following compression essays: units, prisms and small walls, in which five prisms of two and three overlapping rows and four small walls of two and half blocks were made by 4 height rows. Also, the module of elasticity, so much for the mortars, blocks and prisms, as for the small walls was obtained. Among the several essayed combinations, the variance analysis of the samples submitted to the compression was made. Based on the analysis of the results, it may be concluded that the BPM block, is more efficient for the use in structural masonry than the BPV one, when an increment in the resistance of the masonry is needed, increasing the mortar resistance; that efficiency may be defined in the relation of the prisms resistance (two and three blocks) and of the small walls by the block. The small walls built with BPM blocks present a significant capacity to absorb strains, when high resistance mortar is used (the one used in this work); as for the BPV block, that difference was not so expressive. Therefore, the use of placement mortar with those resistances may potentiate the ceramic blocks masonry, depending on the geometry and the mechanical properties of the adopted blocks. / Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal analisar a influência da geometria do bloco cerâmico no desempenho mecânico da alvenaria estrutural, sob compressão centrada, quando utilizadas argamassas com resistências variadas. Estudam-se dois tipos de geometrias de blocos cerâmicos: uma de paredes vazadas (BPV) e outra com paredes maciças (BPM), possuindo resistências aproximadas de 30MPa em relação a área líquida dos mesmos; também foram utilizados quatro traços de argamassa com resistências entre 4MPa e 17MPa. O programa experimental abrange os seguintes ensaios de compressão: unidades, prismas e pequenas paredes. Foram confeccionados cinco prismas de duas e três fiadas sobrepostas e quatro pequenas paredes de dois blocos e meio por quatro fiadas de altura. Também foi obtido o módulo de elasticidade, tanto para as argamassas, blocos e prismas, quanto para as pequenas paredes. Entre as várias combinações ensaiadas, foi feito a análise de variância das amostras submetida à compressão. Com base na análise dos resultados, pode-se concluir que o bloco BPM é mais eficiente para o uso em alvenaria estrutural do que o BPV, quando se necessita um acréscimo na resistência da alvenaria, aumenta-se a resistência da argamassa, essa eficiência pode ser definida na relação da resistência dos prismas (dois e três blocos) e das pequenas paredes pela do bloco. As pequenas paredes construídas com blocos BPM apresentam uma significativa capacidade de absorver esforços, quando utilizada argamassa com resistência elevada (adotada nesse trabalho); quanto ao bloco BPV, essa diferença não foi tão expressiva. Sendo assim, a utilização de argamassa de assentamento com essas resistências pode potencializar a alvenaria de blocos cerâmicos, dependendo da geometria e das propriedades mecânicas dos blocos adotados.

The thesis project is a two-storey motorshow in Ostrava Poruba. It is a detached building with a second floor just above the ground brick part of the ground floor . The building is designed for sales and service of car . In front of the first floor is a shop with WC intended for the customers. Behind this section is on the first floor the facilities for employees , WC , kitchen, two showers and changing rooms . There is also a quick intake for 2 cars. On the second floor are located the office with separate WC . For this part of the building is the last part of a car dealership and service. Here you will find desktop with three separate workning places , part intended for minor repairs , drive trough car wash , paint shop , utility room and a spare parts warehouse . The structural system of the building consists of a steel construction with reinforcing brick core . The cladding of first floor consists from infill brickwork Heluz 20 with contact insulation system . The cladding of second floor from bearing brickwork Heluz P15 30 with a contact insulation system . The construction of the roof deck consists of single-layer straight roof . The supporting structure is made of concrete slab concreting trapezoidal sheet metal deposited on steel lattice girders. The roof deck is insulated with polystyrene EPS 150S . The waterproofing layer is made of two layers of modified bitumen sheet with reinforcements.

This thesis deals with improving thermal properties of contemporary ceramic fittings for external walls using built-in thermal insulation. In the practical part, PUR foam and PUR granulate waste mixes were designed. Based on insulation, mechanical and physical properties and estimated price, the best mix was chosen. Using the chosen mix as integrated isolation, the resulting ceramic block was simulated.

The master’s Thesis – Minibrewery in Vyškov, has a form of project documentation which contains relevant requirements according to valid regulations. The proposed building is situated on the plot number 2123/72 in the city Vyškov. It is a detached building which stands separately on the flat terrain. It is a two-storey building with partial basement. It is formed from three units – a minibrewery, a brasserie with kitchen and an administrative part. It is made of monolithic reinforced concrete frame, brick blocks with vegetative flat roof. The upper level attic gable is at the height of 8,880 meters. The seminar paper – minibrewery in Vyškov – is a part of the Master’s Thesis.

This diploma thesis focuses on the design of new multifunctional building in Frydek-Mistek. Project and attachments are processed according to the current laws, regulations and standards. Multifunctional House is located on parcels 3364/190 and 3503/1, in the cadastral Místek. The house has four floors and reside in 3 commercial units and in the last two floors 5 residential units. The other two dimensions of the house are 21,15x13,15m. Roofing the house is solved by a flat roof. The building is brick ceramic blocks Porotherm. Ceilings are made up of reinforced concrete panels. The construction is based on flat base structures that form the plain concrete C20 / 25 and the supporting concrete slab thickness of 150 mm is reinforced curry networks 100/100/6.

The aim of this thesis is design the project documentation for building realisataion. The project is solved as study for real building The subsequent bed health care settled in category of acomodation for seniors in Ostrava – Vratimov location. The building is available for maximal period 3 weeks. The buiding is equiped by 21 rooms for 42 patients. The new building is design as block disposition for future redesign or construction. The building is three floor structure with respect to surrounding building architecture on which the design of building is based. In the building there are also terrace with green roof part. Vertical structure are mede from ceramic blocks Porotherm with mineral wool infill combined with reinforced concrete monolithic slab. The roof structure is from repeated pitched roofs with metal roof covering.