Thesis (Master of Retail Business Management)--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2020 / Like many other suppliers, South African fashion-clothing designers have dealt with a very competitive environment within the retail industry. Thus, this research study explored the most suitable supply-chain-management model for South African fashion designers to achieve efficiency and economic sustainability within the retail environment. In today’s complex markets, the susceptibility of the supply chain is viewed as an ongoing issue for several industries and it is no different for fashion designers. As a result, in the past, the visibility of South African fashion designers in the retail environment appeared to be minimal. Matching the appropriate supplychain-management model with South African fashion designers in retail was the purpose and core focus of this research study, as the “one size fits all” approach appeared questionable and perhaps unrelatable to SMMEs. This research study explored the relationships between fashion designers and clothing retailers, together with supporting stakeholders such as government institutions, fashion councils, educational institutions, and the different consultants or agents. This was done to establish how the different parts could potentially function individually or collaboratively in order to develop an effective and sustainable supply-chain-management model for South African fashion designers in the retail environment. The primary focus and aim of the study was to assess the different functions within the supply-chain-management model and propose a more relevant model for South African fashion designers supplying the retail clothing environment. To reach the objectives of this research study, the empirical information was collected through the qualitative approach, by making use of in-depth semi-structured interviews, as that allowed the participants to answer the questions unreservedly based on their own personal and professional experience. The problem this research study identified was that a significant number of South African fashion-designer brands struggled to maintain longevity and success within the retail environment, due to the supply-chain changes South African fashion designers experienced when supplying retail. Through empirical research, it was identified that the supply-chain-management models available for retail clothing suppliers were designed for larger businesses and not specifically for fashiondesigner businesses which were classified as small, medium and micro-sized enterprises (SMMEs). The findings revealed that, for the fashion and retail clothing industry to realise an effective and sustainable supply-chain-management model for South African designers, the supply chain required good communication and support. The study recommended the establishment of close-proximity hubs, with fashion clothing supply chain functions, in major South African metropolitan cities, which could possibly be achieved through specialised and regulated education and the formation of a national fashion council.

L'influence des fossés dans les phénomènes de crue, d'érosion hydrique des sols ou de transferts de polluants agricoles est bien connue à l'échelle locale. Cependant, on ne dispose que de peu de connaissances sur la variabilité spatio-temporelle des réseaux de fossés et de l'effet de cette variabilité sur les processus hydrologiques. L'objectif de ce travail de thèse vise donc à quantifier la relation entre l'organisation spatiale et temporelle des réseaux de fossés, éléments de la structure du paysage, et le fonctionnement hydrologique des paysages viticoles méditerranéens.Dans un premier temps, on propose d'analyser comment la densité des réseaux de fossés varie dans les paysages et à quel point elle est conditionnée par le milieu physique. Ensuite, un algorithme de simulation de réseaux est chaîné à un modèle hydrologique afin de quantifier le rôle de la densité des réseaux dans la régulation des écoulements de surface. En lien avec son rôle d'interception du ruissellement, l'effet anti-érosif des réseaux de fossés est alors analysé grâce à l'utilisation d'indicateurs géomorphologiques.Dans un second temps, on s'intéresse à la dynamique spatio-temporelle de la végétation des fossés et à son impact sur les transferts de pesticides. Pour cela, on caractérise puis simule les pratiques d'entretien des fossés et leurs impacts sur la végétation. On montre alors en mobilisant différents indicateurs que les pratiques actuelles ne sont pas optimales d'un point de vue de la rétention des pesticides.Cette thèse, qui s'appuie sur des méthodes de simulation du paysage, montre l'intérêt du chaînage entre modèles de structure et de fonctionnement du paysage. Ce chaînage a permis de quantifier le rôle des réseaux de fossés dans la modulation des processus hydrologiques. / The impact of ditch networks on runoff, soil erosion and pollutant transfer is well known at local scale. However, the spatio-temporal variability of ditch networks and the impact of this variability on hydrological processes has not been quantified. The aim of this thesis is thus to quantify the relation between the spatial configuration of ditch networks and the hydrological functioning of Mediterranean vineyards.First, the variability of ditch network density and the extent to which this density depends on the landscape attributes are analyzed. Then, a network simulator is used with a hydrological model to quantify the impact of ditch network density on runoff. In relation to the role of ditch networks in the interception of runoff on hillslopes, the protection against soil erosion procured by ditch networks is studied thanks to geomorphological indicators.Secondly, the spatio-temporal evolution of vegetation covers in ditch networks and its impact on the transfer of pesticides is analyzed. The ditch management regimes and their impact on ditch vegetation are simulated. Thanks to several indicators, it is shown that current management regimes are not optimal in view of pesticide retention.This thesis shows the interest in using a landscape structure model and a landscape functioning model. This allowed to quantify the impact of ditch networks on hydrological processes.

In this thesis, a simulation study is held and a statistical model is fitted to the simulated data. This data is assumed to be the satisfaction of the customers who withdraw their salary from a particular bank. It is a longitudinal data which has bivariate and binary response. It is assumed to be collected from 200 individuals at four different time points. In such data sets, two types of dependence -the dependence within subject measurements and the dependence between responses- are important and these are considered in the model. The model is Marginalized Transition Random Effects Models, which has three levels. The first level measures the effect of covariates on responses, the second level accounts for temporal changes, and the third level measures the difference between individuals. Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods are used for the model fit. In the simulation study, the changes between the estimated values and true parameters are searched under two conditions, when the model is correctly specified or not. Results suggest that the better convergence is obtained with the full model. The third level which observes the individual changes is more sensitive to the model misspecification than the other levels of the model.

Recently the Internet with XML technologies and especially XBRL technology has impacted what is recognised as the financial reporting supply chain. Some claims in the market report that XBRL has the potential to reduce inefficiencies, automate and optimise the financial reporting supply chain. Nevertheless the real nature of the impact still remains unclear. The growing number of XBRL projects around the world together with strong interest from bodies such as the SEC in the United States, CEBS in the European Union and the IASB building XBRL taxonomies demonstrate the need for research in the area of XBRL application in the context of financial accounting and accounting information systems as well as in the financial reporting supply chain context. In order to answer the demand on the research in this area this research addresses financial reporting supply chain on the basis of financial accounting literature. With the introduction of information systems for enterprises, financial reporting was often discussed as a part of the AIS literature. Nevertheless the supply chain character and information systems context of financial reporting are rarely considered in the research literature in any theoretically constituent manner. This study examines the impact of XBRL on the financial reporting supply chain architecture. First goal of this thesis is to properly state and set the boundaries of financial reporting supply chain. In order to realise the goal modelling of financial reporting domain as financial reporting supply chain architecture is conducted. The second goal is to critically assess impact of XBRL on the modelled financial reporting supply chain architecture components. This assessment is conducted by enhancing financial reporting supply chain architecture with XBRL components thus modelling XBRL financial reporting supply chain architecture. The secondary goal of the assessment is the construction of the reference model of XBRL financial reporting supply chain architecture.

The purpose of the dissertation thesis is to prepare transport techno-economic models which will be able to estimate the transportation cost for selected scenarios. The main goal is to describe the complex transport chains in waste management, using different types of transportation (road, rail) and transport different types of waste. The key element of preparing techno-economic models is the identification of input parameters which are important for estimating the cost of transport. At the same time, it is necessary to correctly identify the processing facilities that will be part of complex transport chains. The total outputs will be presented in the form of a feasibility study.

This thesis deals with the systems reliability. At First, there is discussed the concept of reliability itself and its indicators, which can specifically express reliability. The second chapter describes the different kinds of reliability models for simple and complex systems. It further describes the basic methods for construction of reliability models. The fourth chapter is devoted to a very important Markov models. Markov models are very powerful and complex model for calculating the reliability of advanced systems. Their suitability is explained here for recovered systems, which may contain absorption states. The next chapter describes the standby redundancy. Discusses the advantages and disadvantages of static, dynamic and hybrid standby. There is described the influence of different load levels on the service life. The sixth chapter is devoted to the implementation, description of the application and description of the input file in XML format. There are discussed the results obtaining in experimental calculations.

The book summarises the results of the DFG-funded coordinated priority programme \"Fast Algorithms for Material Specific Process Chain Design and Analysis in Metal Forming\". In the first part it includes articles which provide a general introduction and overview on the field of process modeling in metal forming. The second part collates the reports from all projects included in the priority programme.

Three methods for claims reserving are compared on two data sets. The first two methods are the commonly used chain ladder method that uses aggregated payments and the relatively new method, double chain ladder, that apart from the payments data also uses the number of reported claims. The third method is more advanced, data on micro-level is needed such as the reporting delay and the number of payment periods for every single claim. The two data sets that are used consist of claims with typically shorter and longer settlement time, respectively. The questions considered are if you can gain anything from using a method that is more advanced than the chain ladder method and if the gain differs from the two data sets. The methods are compared by simulating the reserves distributions as well as comparing the point estimates of the reserve with the real out-of-sample reserve. The results show that there is no gain in using the micro-level method considered. The double chain lad- der method on the other hand performs better than the chain ladder method. The difference between the two data sets is that the reserve in the data set with longer settlement times is harder to estimate, but no difference can be seen when it comes to method choice. / Tre reservsättningsmetoder jämförs på två dataset. De första två metoderna är den välkända chain ladder-metoden som använder sig av aggregerade utbetalningar samt den relativt nya metoden double chain ladder som förutom utbetalningarna använder sig av antalet anmälda skador. Den tredje metoden baseras på mikro-nivå och kräver information om varje enskild skada, såsom anmälningstid och antalet utbetalningsperioder. De två dataseten som används är ett som innehåller skador med typiskt kortare avvecklingstider och ett som innehåller skador med typiskt längre avvecklingstider. Frågorna som behandlas är om man vinner något på att använda en mer avancerad metod än chain ladder och om det skiljer sig åt mellan dataseten. Metoderna jämförs genom simulering av reserven, men också genom att jämföra punktskattningar med den verkliga reserven. Resultaten visar att man I detta fall inte vinner något på att använda mikro-metoden. Double chain ladder å andra sidan presterar bättre än chain ladder. Skillnaden mellan de två dataseten är att det är svårare att estimera reserven när avvecklingstiden är längre, men ingen skillnad ses när det gäller val av metod

Die Digitalisierung industrieller Fertigungs- und Qualitätssicherungsprozesse hat mittlerweile in einer Vielzahl von Unternehmen Einzug gefunden und ist dort nicht mehr wegzudenken. Ausgehend von einem funktionalen 3D-CAD-Modell soll es möglich sein, nahezu alle produktbegleitenden Prozesse – von der Konstruktion bis zur Endabnahme beim Kunden – teil- oder vollautomatisiert zu steuern. Das Ziel ist die eindeutige Vergleichbarkeit konstruktiver, fertigungstechnischer und qualitätsrelevanter Daten im Produktentstehungsprozess. Gerade im Bereich der Qualitätssicherung und der abgeleiteten Messprotokollierung besteht diesbezüglich bisher nicht ausgeschöpftes Optimierungspotenzial. Die bestehende Entwicklungslücke stört die Durchgängigkeit der digitalen 3D-CAD-basierten Prozesskette und beeinträchtigt die Prozess- und Informationstransparenz innerhalb der Produktentstehung. Mit der Verwendung der Product and Manufacturing Information (PMI) im 3D-CAD-Modell wird dieser Problematik zwar entgegengewirkt, jedoch ist es bislang nur begrenzt möglich, die Produkt- und Fertigungsinformationen eindeutig und unverändert in der heterogenen CAx-Systemlandschaft innerhalb der Produktentstehung zu transferieren. Neben der fehlenden Eindeutigkeit der PMI liegt die Ursache häufig bereits bei Fehldefinitionen der Informationen im Bereich der Bauteilkonstruktion. Eine eindeutige Zuordnung der Prüfmerkmale zu den jeweiligen Geometrieelementen wird nicht gewährleistet, sodass prüftechnisch ermittelte Soll-Wert-Abweichungen aus der Qualitätssicherung nicht direkt (ohne manuelle Nach- bzw. Mehrarbeit) dem entsprechenden geometrischen Element im 3D-CAD-Modell zugeordnet werden können. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist daher, eine Methode zu entwickeln, mit der die 3D-CAD-Modellinformationen semantisch korrekt definiert und auf Basis einer einheitlichen Kennzeichnung eindeutig im Produktentstehungsprozess identifiziert und maschinenlesbar weiterverarbeitet werden können. Zusätzlich werden aufbauend auf der eindeutigen Identifikation der Bauteilinformationen neue Methoden im Bereich der 3D CAD-basierten Arbeitsweise entwickelt, die den Mitarbeiter im Bereich der Prüf- und Arbeitsplanung sowie bei arbeitsvorgangsspezifischen Aufgaben in der Fertigung entlasten.:1. Einleitung 2. Stand der Forschung und Technik 3. Anforderungsprofil zur Methodenentwicklung 4. Entwicklung von Methoden zur 3D-modellbasierten Arbeitsweise in der Fertigung 5. Validierung der Methode zur Erreichung eines 3D modellbasierten Fertigungsansatzes 6. Diskussion und Fazit zu den Ergebnissen im Bereich der 3D-modellbasierten Arbeitsweise 7. Zusammenfassung und Ausblick

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