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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Efeito da incorporação de chamote (resíduo cerâmico queimado) em massa cerâmicas para a fabricação de blocos de vedação para o Distrito Federal : um estudo experimental

Gouveia, Fernanda Pereira 12 1900 (has links)
Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Civil e Ambiental, 2007. / Submitted by Jaqueline Oliveira (jaqueoliveiram@gmail.com) on 2008-11-25T17:08:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO_2008_FernandaPereiraGouveia.pdf: 2266043 bytes, checksum: 6d5f0736dce95f77d8d7cbe8739feddd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Georgia Fernandes(georgia@bce.unb.br) on 2009-02-09T14:37:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO_2008_FernandaPereiraGouveia.pdf: 2266043 bytes, checksum: 6d5f0736dce95f77d8d7cbe8739feddd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2009-02-09T14:37:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO_2008_FernandaPereiraGouveia.pdf: 2266043 bytes, checksum: 6d5f0736dce95f77d8d7cbe8739feddd (MD5) / Nas indústrias cerâmicas vermelha é facilmente visível o descarte de peças com defeitos, em lugares impróprios, ao longo de vias, no pátio da própria industria ou até em áreas verdes. Na tentativa de reaproveitar este material fez-se um estudo experimental da utilização da incorporação do chamote em massas cerâmicas. O chamote foi obtido da queima de blocos cerâmicos, numa temperatura de 800oC. Para a transformação dos refugos de bloco em chamote, utilizou-se um triturador, tipo moinho de bolas. Inicialmente, foram realizados ensaios de caracterização química, física e mineralógica, para a argila e o chamote, ambos provenientes de uma indústria cerâmica estudo de caso, localizada em Petrolina-GO. Os corpos de prova foram conformados por extrusão, nas seguintes proporções de chamote: 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, em peso. Os corpos cerâmicos foram submetidos a três temperaturas de queima; 850oC, 950oC e 1050oC para a investigação das propriedades tecnológica. As propriedades analisadas foram retração linear, porosidade aparente, absorção de água, massa especifica aparente e resistência mecânica, esta última obtida pela tensão de ruptura à flexão em três pontos. Os resultados indicaram que a adição de chamote na massa cerâmicas minimizou a retração na secagem e consequentemente, retração na queima. Os menores valores de retração foram encontrados para a composição com 20% de chamote. A adição de 10%, apresentou melhores resultados em quase todas as propriedades, inclusive, elevados valores para resistência mecânica. Em relação à composição de 5% e 15%, não obtiveram valores tão expressivos para efeito de comparação com o corpo de prova isento de resíduo. O incremento de chamote acarretou aumento nas taxas de absorção de água e porosidade aparente, porém, os valores não ultrapassaram os limites sugeridos por Souza Santos (1975). A partir deste estudo, verificou-se que a incorporação de chamote em massa cerâmicas é possível, preferivelmente, para o teor de 10% de adição. Por outro lado, o estímulo do seu uso contribuiria para a consciência mais sustentável do setor. _____________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / In the ceramic industries red the discarding of bricks with defects is easily visible, in improper places, throughout ways, in the patio of the industry or even in green areas. In the attempt of recycling this material was carried out an experimental study of the waste ceramic incorporation use in ceramic bodies.The waste ceramic was gotten of ceramic blocks burned, in a temperature of 800oC. For the transformation block’s garbage in waste ceramic, one used a milling machines, type balls mill. At the first time, the waste ceramic and clay were characterized in laboratory in terms the chemical, physical and mineralogical, both proceeding from a ceramic industry case’s study, located in Petrolina-GO. Test specimens were conformed by vacuum extrusion, in the following ratios of waste ceramic: 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, in weight. The ceramic bodies had been submitted the three temperatures of burning; 850oC, 950oC and 1050oC for the inquiry of the technological properties. The properties analyzed were linear retraction, apparent porosity, water absorption, apparent specific gravity and mechanical strength, this last one gotten for the flexural rupture strength in three points. The results had indicated that the addition of waste ceramic in the ceramic body minimized the retraction in the drying and as a result, retraction in the burning. The lesser values of retraction had been found for the composition with 20% waste ceramic. The 10% addition, presented better resulted in almost all the properties, also, raised values for mechanical strength. Respecting the composition of 5% and 15%, they had not gotten so significative values in comparison with the specimens free from residue. The increment of waste ceramic increase the taxes of water absorption and apparent porosity, however, the values had not exceeded the limits suggested for Souza Santos (1975). From this study, it was verified that the incorporation of waste ceramic in ceramic body is possible, it’s better, for the text of 10% of addition. On the other hand, the stimulaton of its use would contribute for the conscience most sustainable of the sector.
2

Obten??o de placas cer?mico a partir de formula??es de massas triaxiais de res?duos de caulim, chamote de telha e cinza vegetal

Cunha, Jos? Eduardo Vilar 10 August 2009 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:57:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JoseEVC_capa_ate_resumo.pdf: 114113 bytes, checksum: 65c5a81ce8eceb533010608034415ec0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-10 / The production of red ceramic is an industrial activity that causes an intense impact. The manufacture of its products considerably increases the demand for natural resources, mainly with the extraction of raw material. The ceramic material produced generates waste, such as ash firewood and chamote. The residue from the beneficiation of kaolin is deposited in a poor, degrades the environment and contaminate water sources and soil, constituting in this manner, ecological disasters. The main objective of this work is to develop the formulation of a ceramic product consisting solely of industrial solid wastes, from ceramic tiles, (chamote) residue of kaolin and ash firewood. It is assumed that this product made in the laboratory can be used in coatings, wall and floor. The aim is to facilitate the replacement of the raw material of original composition of a ceramic body, for waste, while the process of production equal to the conventionally used, so that the properties of the product are reproduced. This work is characterized waste as its chemical composition, analysis of particle size, X-ray diffraction and thermal behavior. Several formulations were studied. The mass of waste was prepared by dry process, pressed to 25 MPa, and then burned in muffle type oven to 850, 950, 1050 and 1150 ?C. The results showed that it is technically possible to produce porous tiles only with waste. It was found that the formulations of bodies play a key role in the properties of the final product, as well as the sintering temperature and heating rates. RN in the waste of kaolin is estimated at 15,000 t/month, about 3,000 gray t/month and chamote with 10 million pieces/month damaged. The presence of carbonates of calcium and magnesium at 1050 ? C results in an appropriate porosity and mechanical strength. The formulation M3JE, composed of 69% waste of kaolin, 7.7% and 23.3% of chamote of gray, became suitable for porous materials with the strength and absorption within the level of national and international standards / A produ??o de cer?mica vermelha ? uma atividade industrial que provoca um intenso impacto ambiental. A confec??o de seus produtos aumenta sobremaneira a demanda por recursos naturais, principalmente com a extra??o da mat?ria prima, argila. O material cer?mico produzido gera res?duo, como o chamote e a cinza vegetal. O res?duo proveniente do beneficiamento do caulim que ? depositado de forma inadequada degrada o meio ambiente e contamina os mananciais da ?gua e do solo, constituindo dessa maneira, desastres ecol?gicos. O principal objetivo deste trabalho ? desenvolver formula??o de um produto cer?mico constitu?do exclusivamente de res?duos s?lidos industriais, oriundos de telhas cer?micas, (chamote), res?duo de caulim e cinza vegetal. Presume-se que este produto confeccionado em laborat?rio possa ser aproveitado em revestimentos de parede e piso. Pretende-se assim viabilizar a substitui??o das mat?rias-primas da composi??o original de uma massa cer?mica, por res?duos, mantendo-se o processo de produ??o igual ao convencionalmente utilizado, a fim de que as propriedades do produto sejam reproduzidas. No presente trabalho caracteriza-se os res?duos quanto a sua composi??o qu?mica, an?lise de tamanho de part?cula, difra??o de raios X e comportamento t?rmico. Diversas formula??es foram estudadas. A massa de res?duos foi preparada pelo processo via seca com corpos de provas prensados a 25 MPa, posteriormente queimados em forno mufla a 850, 950, 1050 e 1150 ?C. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram tecnicamente que ? poss?vel se produzir placas cer?micas porosos exclusivamente com res?duos. Verificou-se que as formula??es das massas desempenham um papel fundamental nas propriedades do produto final, assim como as temperaturas de sinteriza??o e taxas de aquecimento. No RN os res?duos de caulim s?o estimados em 15000 t/m?s, a cinza com aproximadamente 3000 t/m?s e o chamote com 10 milh?es pe?as/m?s danificadas. A presen?a de carbonatos de c?lcio e magn?sio em 1050 ?C resulta em uma adequada porosidade e resist?ncia mec?nica. A formula??o M3JE, composta de 69% de res?duo de caulim, 7,7% de chamote e 23,3 % de cinza, se tornou adequado aos materiais porosos, com a resist?ncia mec?nica e absor??o dentro do patamar das normas nacionais e internacionais
3

Formula??o e caracteriza??o de mat?rias-primas para revestimento cer?mico Semi-Poroso com adi??o de chamote de telhas / Formulation and characterization of raw materials for Semiporous ceramic coating and roofing tile Chamote

Castro, Raimundo Jos? de Sousa 26 March 2008 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:06:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RaimundoJSC.pdf: 1462699 bytes, checksum: cac59ec25bd8ba4355dbea19489431b4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-03-26 / The ceramics industry in Piau? is nowadays with 55 industries where 11 are in Teresina which is the mainstream of the state, producing 55 million shingles; in which 10 % is of this production is wasted being sometimes thrown on the margins of rivers, roads and highways provoking an environmental degradation. The main goal of this work is to verify the potential of producing semi porous ceramic using grog of shingles, on the first part of this work bodies-of-proof were produced from a basic formula of an industry, doping it with 5 %, 10 %, 15 % and 20 % in mass and in the second part of this work some bodies-of-proof were produced from a formula where one raw material was substituted by 50 % of grog and another substituting it all by grog, bodies-of-proof made of a basic formula previously announced was used for experiment control.The grog and the raw materials were characterized by: particle size analysis , thermal differential analysis, X ray diffraction , X ray fluorescence, an thermal gravimetric analysis and rational analyses. The bodies-of-proof were sintetisized in an industrial oven obeying the normal cycle adopted by an industry, with peak temperatures of 1135 oC and a fast burning cycle of 25 minutes having as energetic fuel liquefied petroleum gas . The pieces that were obtained by this were submersed in rehearsed physics of: water absorption of, apparent specific mass, apparent porosity, lineal retraction, rupture tension to the flexural and dilatometry; mineralogical analysis for X ray diffraction; and microstructural for electronic microscope of sweeping. For all the formulas with addition of grog, superior priorities to the requested by the requirements for semi porous and for the formula to F2-2,5 superior priorities to standard formulas which justifies the incorporation of the shingles in mass for the semi porous ceramic / A ind?stria de cer?mica vermelha Piauiense, atualmente com 55 ind?strias onde 11 somente em Teresina sendo o maior p?lo do Estado, produz pouco mais de 55 milh?es de telhas, das quais aproximadamente 10 % dessa produ??o s?o desperdi?adas sendo ?s vezes jogadas ?s margens dos rios e estradas, provocando uma degrada??o ambiental. O objetivo deste trabalho ? verificar a potencialidade de se produzir revestimento cer?mico semi-poroso utilizando chamote de telhas, na primeira parte do trabalho foram produzidos corpos-de-prova a partir da formula??o b?sica de uma ind?stria de revestimento, dopando-a com 5 %, 10 %, 15 % e 20 % em massa, e uma segunda parte deste trabalho foram produzidos corpos-de-prova a partir de uma formula??o onde se substitu?a uma das mat?rias-prima por 50 % de chamote e outra substituindo a mesma totalmente por chamote, sendo usado para controle do experimento corpos-de-prova confeccionados a partir de uma formula??o b?sica citada anteriormente. O chamote e as mat?rias-prima foram caracterizados por: an?lise granulom?trica, an?lise t?rmica diferencial, an?lise termogravim?trica difra??o de raios X, fluoresc?ncia de raios X, e an?lise racional. Os corpos-de-prova foram sinterizados em forno industrial de rolo, obedecendo ao ciclo adotado por uma ind?stria de revestimento, com temperatura de pico igual a 1135 ?C e ciclo de queima r?pido de 25 min, tendo como matriz energ?tica o g?s liquefeito de petr?leo. As pe?as assim obtidas foram submetidas aos ensaios f?sicos de: absor??o de ?gua, massa espec?fica aparente, porosidade aparente, retra??o linear, tens?o de ruptura ? flex?o e dilatometria; an?lise mineral?gica por difra??o de rios X; e microestrutural por microsc?pio eletr?nico de varredura. Obteve-se para todas as formula??es com adi??o de chamote, propriedades superiores ?s das exigidas pelas normas em vigor para revestimento semi-poroso e para a formula??o F2-2,5 propriedades superiores ? formula??o padr?o o que justifica a viabilidade da incorpora??o do rejeito de telhas em massa para revestimento cer?mico semi-poroso
4

Obten??o e caracteriza??o de um comp?sito a base de rejeito do gesso e chamote de telha visando a obten??o de filtros cer?micos

Sousa, Renata Ferreira de 07 February 2014 (has links)
Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2015-10-14T20:45:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RenataFerreiraDeSousa_DISSERT.pdf: 2511339 bytes, checksum: cf080964bb776ab713e7c9e03279575d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Elisangela Moura (lilaalves@gmail.com) on 2015-10-14T21:51:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 RenataFerreiraDeSousa_DISSERT.pdf: 2511339 bytes, checksum: cf080964bb776ab713e7c9e03279575d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-14T21:51:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RenataFerreiraDeSousa_DISSERT.pdf: 2511339 bytes, checksum: cf080964bb776ab713e7c9e03279575d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-07 / Devido ao crescimento da constru??o civil s?o gerados grandes quantidades de rejeitos de gesso e chamote de telha. Com isso, foi produzido um comp?sito cer?mico viabilizando a t?cnica do aproveitamento desses rejeitos como mat?ria-prima utilizando diferentes propor??es de massas com: 50% do rejeito de gesso e 50% do chamote de telha para formul??o FA; 90% do rejeito de gesso e 10% do chamote para formul?ao FB; 80% do rejeito de gesso e 20% do chamote de telha formula??o FC; 70% do rejeito de gesso e 30% do chamote formula??o FD e 60% do rejeito de gesso e 40% do chamote de telha para formul?ao FE. Essa mat?rias-primas foram moidas em moinhos de bolas por 60 minutos e peneirados em malha ABNT 200 mesh. Para caracteriza??o preliminares, contou-se com an?lises qu?micas por fluoresc?ncia de raios X (FRX), an?lises mineral?gicas por difra??o de raios X (DRX) e granulometria de cada rejeito. A an?lise termogravim?trica (TG) e calorimetria explorat?ria diferencial (DSC) da formula??o FA. Os corpos-de-prova foram confeccionados por compacta??o uniaxial com press?o de 25 MPa e em seguida sinterizados nas temperaturas de 900, 1000 e 1100?C, com patamar de sinteriza??o de 60 minutos e taxa de aquecimento de 10?C/ min. Para avaliar os ensaios f?sico- mec?nico, foram realizados ensaios tecnol?gicos de retra??o linear, absor??o de ?gua, porosidade aparente, massa especifica aparente e resist?ncia ? flex?o. A superficie de fratura foi caracterizada por microscopia eletr?nica de varredura (MEV). Os resultados mostram que a mistura dos rejeitos em diferentes formula??es apresentam caracter?sticas f?sicas e mineral?gicas semelhantes as mat?rias-primas convencionais . Pode-se concluir que ? poss?vel aproveitar os rejeitos do chamote de telha e gesso para a produ??o de filtros cer?micos, tornando-se uma alternativa vi?vel que trar? diversos benef?cios, como a redu??o da quantidade de rejeitos descartado e redu??o do impacto ambiental, al?m de aumentar o leque de op??es de mat?rias-primas para ind?stria cer?mica. / Due to the accumulation of waste gypsum and grog tile generated the growth of civil industry , we sought in this work to develop a ceramic composite technique enabling the exploitation of these wastes as raw materials using different proportions of pasta : 50 % of the tailings gypsum and 50 % of grog tile for formulation FA , 90 % of waste gypsum and 10 % of grog to formulation FB , 80 % of waste gypsum and 20 % of waste ceramic tile FC formulation , 70 % of waste gypsum and 30 % of grog FD formulation and 60 % of waste gypsum and 40 % of waste ceramic tile for formulation FE . These raw materials were milled in ball mills for 60 minutes and sieved on 200-mesh knitted ABNT. For preliminary characterization, counted on chemical analysis by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), mineralogical analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and particle size of each waste. Thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) formulation FA. The body -specimens were prepared by uniaxial compaction at a pressure of 25 MPa and then sintered at temperatures of 900 , 1000 and 1100 ? C with sintering level of 60 minutes and heating rate of 10 ? C / min. To evaluate the physical and mechanical tests, technological tests of linear shrinkage, water absorption, apparent porosity, apparent specific gravity and flexural strength were performed . The fracture surface was characterized by scanning (SEM) electron microscopy. The results show that the mixing of the waste in different formulations have similar physical and mineralogical characteristics of the conventional materials . It can be concluded that it is possible to take advantage of the tailings grog tile and gypsum for the production of ceramic filters , making it a viable alternative that will bring many benefits , such as reducing the amount of waste disposed of and reduce environmental impact , and increase the range of raw materials for ceramics industry options.
5

Estudo da incorpora??o de cinza e chamote gerado pela cer?mica vermelha ao pr?prio processo industrial / Study of the incorporation of ash and chamote generated by red ceramic to own industrial process

Almeida, Melise Carina Duarte de 27 November 2015 (has links)
Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-07-22T15:34:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MeliseCarinaDuarteDeAlmeida_DISSERT.pdf: 4982538 bytes, checksum: 7e42f255bc7d008f276d0c784126c575 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-07-27T22:49:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MeliseCarinaDuarteDeAlmeida_DISSERT.pdf: 4982538 bytes, checksum: 7e42f255bc7d008f276d0c784126c575 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T22:49:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MeliseCarinaDuarteDeAlmeida_DISSERT.pdf: 4982538 bytes, checksum: 7e42f255bc7d008f276d0c784126c575 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-27 / A ind?stria ceramista gera res?duos em v?rias etapas de seu processo, por produtos defeituosos, res?duos da queima de combust?veis s?lidos, entre outros. Esses res?duos s?o despejados em aterros, lix?es ou diretamente nas vias, o que causa um impacto ambiental negativo. Este trabalho apresenta um estudo para incorporar os res?duos de cinza de lenha da algaroba e chamote (pe?as de refugo de cer?micas j? sinterizadas), nas massas cer?micas para confec??o de Blocos de Veda??o. Os procedimentos metodol?gicos consistem na caracteriza??o qu?mica e mineral?gica dos res?duos e das mat?rias-primas, e caracteriza??o f?sico-mec?nica das formula??es das misturas com argila, silte e res?duos. Foram produzidos corpos de prova por prensagem, com varia??es de composi??es no intervalo de 0%, 5%, 10% e 15% em massa de res?duo. A sinteriza??o foi realizada em forno tipo mufla, com patamares nas temperaturas de 850 ?C, 900 ?C, 950 ?C, 1000 ?C e 1050 ?C. As propriedades f?sico-mec?nicas avaliadas foram: Absor??o de ?gua, Retra??o Linear de Queima, Porosidade Aparente, Massa Espec?fica Aparente e Resist?ncia Mec?nica ? Flex?o. Foi realizada an?lise por Microscopia Eletr?nica de Varredura nas superf?cies de fratura dos corpos de prova. Foram avaliadas as propriedades de Retra??o Linear de Secagem e Queima, Absor??o de ?gua e Resist?ncia Mec?nica ? Compress?o dos Blocos de Veda??o com 5% de res?duo de cinza da lenha de algaroba, sinterizados no patamar de temperatura de 900 ?C. Como resultados principais, concluiu-se sobre a viabilidade em se utilizar os res?duos de cinza da lenha de algaroba para conferir propriedades refrat?rias ao produto cer?mico. J? o res?duo de chamote, por ser derivado do pr?prio produto cer?mico, n?o interferiu nas propriedades finais. Os estudos comprovaram que a incorpora??o desses res?duos seria uma alternativa tecnol?gica para reduzir o impacto ambiental causado pelo setor industrial. / The ceramics industry generates waste at various stages of that process, defective products, waste from burning solid fuels, among others. This waste is dumped in landfills, garbage dumps or directly on roads, which has a negative environmental impact. This paper presents a study to incorporate the waste of algaroba wood and chamote (scrap pieces of ceramic already sintered), in to the ceramic material for making sealing blocks. The methodological procedures consist in the characterization of chemical and mineralogical residues, raw materials, and physical-mechanical of the formulations of mixes with clay, silt and waste. By pressing test pieces were produced using a pressure of 200 kgf/cm?, varying compositions in the range of 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% by weight of residue. The sintering was performed in a muffle furnace, with the temperature levels of 850 ? C, 900 ? C, 950 ? C, 1000 ? C and 1050 ? C. The evaluated physical and mechanical properties were: Water Absorption, Linear Shrinkage Burning, Apparent Porosity, Apparent Density and Mechanical Resistance to Flexion. Analysis was carried out by Scanning Electron Microscopy on fracture surfaces of the specimens. Evaluation of linear shrinkage property drying and firing , water absorption and mechanical resistance to compression of the sealing blocks 5% wood ash residue, sintered at 900 ?C hold temperature in the laboratory the products manufactured on an industrial scale. The main results, it was found on the viability of using the residues of algaroba wood and to confer refractory properties of the ceramic product. The main results, it was concluded feasibility of using the ash residues algaroba wood to impart refractory properties to the ceramic product and the residue of chamote, being derived from the own ceramic product not interfere with the properties, when used in a percentage of up to 5%.Since the residue of chamote being derived from the ceramic product itself had no effect on the properties. Studies in the laboratory have shown that the incorporation of up to 5% of these residues may be adopted as an alternative technology to reduce the environmental impact caused by the industrial sector, without compromising the final properties of the material, since the results on an industrial scale showed absorption values 11.66 and 11.74 of water and waste products respectively, within the parameters of NBR - 15,270, since the mechanical strength was 1.25 MPa and 0.94 MPa respectively for products with and without residue, lower than the minimum required by the technical standard that is 1.5 MPa.
6

Formula??o e caracteriza??o de massas de gr?s porcelanato preparadas a partir de mat?rias-primas naturais do Rio Grande do norte e com adi??o de chamote de telhas / Formulation and characterization of porcelanized stoneware tiles mixtures from regional raw materials and roofing tile chamote

Melo, Maxymme Mendes de 19 May 2006 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:57:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MaxymmeMM.pdf: 1674410 bytes, checksum: 96bf3d5d9b4ae824e79c65b37e8b9bf7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-05-19 / Traditional ceramics have an important role in the economy of Rio Grande do Norte. The local industries manufacture over 50 million shingles a month, corresponding to 60% of their overall production. As a result of processing flaws, roughly 20% of the production must be discarded, since little or no use has been envisaged for such fired components. Therefore, the use of this kind of residue, especially in the composition of other ceramic materials, comes as an interesting option from the economical and environmental point of view. In this scenario, the objective of the present study was to assess the effect of the addition of fired shingle waste in the composition of porcelainized stoneware tiles. To that end, two porcelainized stoneware tiles compositions were initially prepared. Subsequently, contents from 10 to 30% of roofing tiles chamote were added to each one of them. All raw materials and grog were characterized by FRX, XRD, and thermal analysis. The ceramics were fired using natural gas for 30 min at different temperatures, i.e. 1150, 1200 and 1250?C, and fully characterized. The addition of roofing tiles chamote resulted in composition with superior properties compared to additive-free compositions. Porcelainized stoneware tiles products that fulfill required standards for practical applications were achieved / A ind?stria de cer?mica vermelha ? um dos segmentos de maior import?ncia na economia do Rio Grande do Norte. Nesse setor, o material mais produzido ? a telha, ocupando mais de 60% de todos os artefatos produzidos, com mais de 50 milh?es de pe?as fabricadas por m?s. Sabe-se que devido ? falhas no processamento, o teor de res?duos desse material no RN, pode chegar a um valor de at? 20%, o que significa mais de 10 milh?es de telhas indo diretamente para aterros, visto que estas, depois de queimadas, n?o podem ser reutilizadas no processo de fabrica??o. Desta forma, o uso desse rejeito na produ??o de cer?micas com alto valor agregado, como ? o caso do gr?s porcelanato, se torna uma op??o vi?vel. Do ponto de vista econ?mico essa viabilidade se d?, pelo fato de utilizar-se um rejeito como parte da formula??o. Do ponto de vista ambiental, a viabilidade est? em reduzir o ac?mulo desses rejeitos nos aterros sanit?rios. Desta forma, o presente trabalho tem o objetivo de estudar a influ?ncia da adi??o de descarte de telhas em formula??es de gr?s porcelanatos. Para isso, utilizou-se duas formula??es, adicionando concentra??es de 10, 20 e 30% de chamote para cada uma delas. O Chamote e as mat?rias-primas foram caracterizadas por FRX, DRX, TG, ATD e AG. As queimas foram realizadas em forno a g?s natural com tr?s temperaturas, por 30 minutos de patamar: 1150, 1200 e 1250?C. Ap?s a sinteriza??o os corpos-de-prova foram submetidos a: ensaios f?sicos de RL, AA, PA, MEA, TRF e dilatometria; an?lise mineral?gica por DRX; e microestrutural por MEV. Obteve-se para algumas das formula??es com a adi??o de chamote, propriedades superiores ?s das exigidas por normas para o gr?s porcelanato
7

Formula??o de bloco intertravado cer?mico com adi??o de res?duos urbanos e industriais / Formulation of interlocked ceramic block with the addition of urban and industrial waste

Santos, Osvaldo Cruz 19 July 2013 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:07:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 OsvaldoCS_TESE.pdf: 5419870 bytes, checksum: 262730b1c0403826588e3ca7137507e0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-19 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The production of waste from urban and industrial activities is one of the factors of environmental contamination and has aroused attention of the scientific community, in the sense of its reuse. On the other hand, the city of Salvador/Ba, with approximately 262 channels, responsible for storm water runoff, produces every year, by the intervention of cleaning and clearing channels, a significant volume of sediments (dredged mud), and thus an appropriate methodology for their final destination. This study aims to assess the influence of incorporation of these tailings in arrays of clay for production of interlocked block ceramic, also known as ceramic paver. All the raw materials from the metropolitan region of Salvador (RMS) were characterized by x-ray fluorescence, x-ray diffraction, thermal analysis (TG and TDA), particle size analysis and dilatometry. With the use of statistical experimental planning technique, ternary diagram was defined in the study region and the analyzed formulations. The specimens were prepared with dimensions of 60x20x5mm?, by uniaxial pressing of 30 MPa and after sintering at temperatures of 900?, 1000? and 1100?C the technological properties were evaluated: linear shrinkage, water absorption, apparent porosity, apparent specifies mass, flexural rupture and module. For the uniaxial compression strength used cylindrical probe body with ? 50 mm. The standard mass (MP) was prepared with 90% by weight of clay and 10% by weight of Channel sediment (SCP), not being verified significant variations in the properties of the final product. With the incorporation of 10% by weight of manganese residue (PFM) and 10% by weight of the Ceramic waste (RCB) in the mass default, in addition to adjusting the plasticity due to less waste clay content, provided increased linear firing shrinkage, due the significant concentration of K2O, forming liquid phase at low temperature, contributing to decreased porosity and mechanical resistance, being 92,5 MPa maximum compressive strength verified. After extract test leachate and soluble, the piece containing 10% of the PFM, was classified as non-hazardous and inert material according to NBR10004/04 ABNT. The results showed the feasibility on using waste, SCP, RCB and PFM clay mass, at temperatures above 900?C, paver ceramic production, according to the specifications of the technical standards, so that to exceed the 10% of the PFM, it becomes imperative to conduct studies of environmental impacts / A produ??o de res?duos provenientes das atividades urbanas e industriais ? um dos fatores de contamina??o ambiental e tem despertado aten??o da comunidade cientifica, no sentido do seu reaproveitamento. Por outro lado, a cidade do Salvador/Ba, com aproximadamente 262 canais, respons?veis pelo escoamento de ?guas pluviais, produz todo ano, pela necessidade de interven??o de limpeza e desobstru??o de canais, um volume significativo de sedimentos (lama dragada), impondo dessa forma uma metodologia adequada para sua destina??o final. Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a influ?ncia da incorpora??o desses rejeitos em matrizes de argila para produ??o de bloco intertravado cer?mico, tamb?m conhecido como paver cer?mico. Todas as mat?rias primas oriundas da Regi?o Metropolitana de Salvador (RMS) foram caracterizadas por fluoresc?ncia de raios -X, difra??o de raios -X, analise t?rmica (TG e TDA), analise granulom?trica e dilatometria. Com a utiliza??o da t?cnica estat?stica de planejamento experimental, foi definida em diagrama tern?rio a regi?o de estudo e as formula??es analisadas. Foram preparados os corpos de prova com dimens?es de 60x20x5mm3, por prensagem uniaxial de 30 MPa e, ap?s sinteriza??o nas temperaturas de 900?, 1000? e 1100?C, as propriedades tecnol?gicas avaliadas foram: retra??o linear, absor??o de ?gua, porosidade aparente, massa especifica aparente, m?dulo de ruptura ? flex?o. Para a resist?ncia ? compress?o uniaxial utilizou-se o corpo de prova cil?ndrico com ? de 50mm. A massa padr?o (MP) foi preparada com 90% em peso de argila e 10% em peso do sedimento de canais (SCP), n?o sendo verificadas varia??es significativas nas propriedades do produto final. Com a incorpora??o de 10% em peso do res?duo de mangan?s (PFM) e 10% em peso do rejeito cer?mico (RCB) na massa padr?o, al?m do ajuste da plasticidade, em fun??o de menor teor de argilominerais dos res?duos, proporcionou aumento da retra??o linear de queima, devido a significativa concentra??o de K2O, formando fase liquida em baixa temperatura, contribuindo para diminui??o da porosidade e aumento da resist?ncia mec?nica, sendo 92,5 MPa a m?xima resist?ncia ? compress?o verificada. Ap?s teste do extrato lixiviado e solubilizado, a pe?a contendo 10% do PFM, foi classificada como material n?o perigoso e inerte segundo NBR10004/04 da ABNT. Os resultados mostraram viabilidade na utiliza??o dos res?duos SCP, RCB e PFM em massa argilosa, em temperaturas acima de 900?C, para produ??o de bloco intertravado, paver cer?mico, de acordo com as especifica??es das normas t?cnicas, de forma que, para teores superiores a 10% do PFM, torna-se imperativo a realiza??o de estudos de impactos ambientais
8

Adi??o de chamote de velas de igni??o inserv?veis na obten??o de cer?mica branca a base de alumina

Palma, Aldemiro Jos? Rocha 21 January 2010 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:57:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AldemiroJRP_DISSERT.pdf: 1779400 bytes, checksum: 8a5467983a7427bc6b96f7baa7868609 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-01-21 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This work presents research into the addition of chamotte obtained from the ceramic isolator of unusable spark plugs in formulations of material mixes for standard white ceramic material with aluminum oxide bases. After the physical chemical characterization of the primary materials, standard clay and the chamotte, three mixtures were prepared with concentrations of 10, 20 and 30% chamotte by weight in relation to the standard clay. The test samples underwent heating at a rate of 30 0C/min to levels that included 100o , 200o , 300o, 400o, 500o e 600 0C and also we submitted to three distinct burn temperatures: 1450o, 1500o e 1550 0C, remaining at these temperatures for 2 hour periods. After sintering, the physical and microstructural properties of the different test samples were measured and analyzed. The results show that the materials obtained present good technical properties and that the chamotte can be reutilized as an additive in the production of white ceramic material with an aluminum oxide base / Neste trabalho estudou-se a influ?ncia da adi??o de chamote obtido do isolador cer?mico de velas de igni??o inserv?veis na formula??o de massas de cer?mica branca a base de alumina. Ap?s caracteriza??o f?sico-qu?mica das mat?rias-primas, argila-padr?o e chamote, foram preparadas tr?s formula??es de concentra??es 10, 20 e 30% em peso de chamote em rela??o ? argila-padr?o. Os corpos-de-prova foram submetidos ao aquecimento numa taxa de 30 0C/min em patamares de 100? , 200? , 300? , 400? , 500? e 600 0C e queimados em tr?s temperaturas distintas a 1450? , 1500? e 1550 0C, permanecendo 2 horas na temperatura de patamar. Ap?s as sinteriza??es, as propriedades f?sicas e a evolu??o microestrutural de fases dos corpos-de-prova foram mensuradas e discutidas. Os resultados mostraram que os materiais obtidos apresentam boas propriedades e que o chamote pode ser reaproveitado como aditivo na produ??o de cer?micas brancas a base de alumina

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