The objective of this thesis is to study the field of PLM and to consider PLM as a system based on a manufacturing enterprise, followed by a proposal and implementation of a change management process. The theoritical part describes the main aspects and gives a structural view of PLM. After that, each element was connected with enterprise processes and capabilities of the IT environment. Based on the analysis, a certain model for managing and implementing changes was developed and proposed.

<p>This thesis is about some Swedish organizations that are connected to the labour movement and their actions to cope with the new hegemony around market liberalism. After the fall of the Soviet Union in the early 90-ties, the liberal order, meaning market economy and democracy reduced to the election of elites, has become totally domineering both in the western and in the former communist world. Even left wing oriented organizations have adopted their operations and activities accordingly, especially in their internal governing structure. The organizations that I have studied, mainly the Swedish Tenants organization at its local level of Stockholm, developed during the 70-ties and the 80-ties a participatorier member structure. The “Swedish model” of consensus/corporative decision-making and agreement, used by them on the national level for decades, was during that period introduced also on local and regional levels. In the 90-ties these organizations, according to earlier studies, have instead adapted a more costumer-oriented and elite-democratic way of operating and governing. These later changes could be seen as contradicting both the development of the 80-ties and the basic values of those organizations. My questions are therefore how these changes became possible and my aim is to study how the active members have contributed to this development. Using a constructionist theoretical perspective and discourse analysis, I am showing how this potential conflict between a participatory and an elite-democratic model can be reconciled by a discursive construction. The active members have in fact been able see these changes just as a modernization of their organization. From their point-of-view their organization still works in a participatory democratic way. My analysis shows how this ambiguousness and potential paradox became possible thru internal discourses and under influence from the liberal hegemony.</p>

Este estudo analisa o processo decisório dos cooperados, ocorrido na transição agroecológica da Cooperativa Leoboqueirense de Agricultores Familiares - COOPERLAF. Esta Cooperativa está em fase de mudança do sistema produtivo: da agricultura convencional para a produção agroecológica de alimentos. Para embasar este trabalho, os princípios de planejamento e a Teoria da Decisão foram usados como principais fundamentos científicos. As teorias da Mudança, Cooperativismo e Agroecologia foram aplicadas de modo complementar. O ponto de partida da presente pesquisa foi o seguinte questionamento: qual o fluxo do processo decisório empreendido na transição agroecológica da Cooperativa? O objetivo geral foi caracterizar o processo decisório na mudança de sistema produtivo das propriedades rurais então integrantes da Cooperativa. Em nível específico, foram formulados os objetivos a seguir: ordenar os fatores que influenciaram os cooperados para a mudança, identificar fontes de informações que orientaram o processo decisório empreendido, elencar dificuldades e vantagens encontradas durante a transição agroecológica, descrever percepções dos agricultores sobre implicações da mudança e verificar se o processo de mudança fundamentou-se em teorias do planejamento. Este estudo classifica-se como uma pesquisa exploratória e descritiva, com tratamentos quantitativo (estatística descritiva) e qualitativo (análise de conteúdo) dos dados. Estes são de origem primária, pois foram realizadas entrevistas com todos os cooperados. Por meio dos resultados apresentados, pode-se dizer que a preocupação com a saúde foi o principal fator que influenciou a tomada de decisão. Quanto à fonte de informação, verificou-se como fonte inicial dos agricultores a Empresa de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural – EMATER. A maior dificuldade encontrada pelos cooperados foi a aprendizagem de novas técnicas de manejo do solo. Em termos de vantagem, a mais relevante foi a preservação da saúde. Alguns agricultores relataram que falta organização na estrutura gerencial da Cooperativa. Nas percepções individuais os assuntos mais referenciados foram: conhecimento, comunicação e planejamento; resistência e mudança; saúde e renda. O estudo demonstrou que a tomada de decisão não seguiu rigorosamente as fases do processo de planejamento. Contudo, o comprometimento de todos na organização com o processo de gerenciamento da mudança foi essencial para o bom desempenho. / This study analyzes the decision process of cooperative participants, occurred on agroecological transition of Leoboqueirense Cooperative of Family Farmers. This Cooperative is in process of changing the production system: from conventional to agroecological food production. To support this work, the principles of planning and Decision Theory were used as the main scientific foundations. Theories of Change, Cooperatives and Agroecology were applied in a complementary manner. The research starting point was the following question: what flow of the decision making process undertook the Cooperative agroecological transition? The main objective was to characterize the decision making process used by members of Cooperative farms in the production system changing. Specifically, the following objectives were formulated: to order factors that influenced the cooperative to change, to identify information sources that guided the decision making process undertook, to list advantages and difficulties encountered during the agroecological transition, describing perceptions of farmers about the implications change and to verify if that the change process was based on planning theories. This study is classified as an exploratory and descriptive research with quantitative (descriptive statistics) and qualitative (content analysis) data treatments. These data has a primary origin, as all interviews were conducted with the Cooperative participants. Through the results, we could say that the concern about health was the main factor that influenced decision making. As to the information source, it was found Enterprise Technical Assistance and Rural Extension - EMATER as the initial source of farmers. The greatest difficulty encountered by the cooperative particiapnts was learning new techniques of soil management. In terms of advantages, the most important was the preservation of health. Some farmers reported that lack organization in the management structure of the Cooperative. Individual perceptions in the most referenced topics were: knowledge, communication and planning; resistance and change, health and income. The study showed that the decision making was not strictly followed the phases of the scientific planning process. However, the involvement of everyone in the organization with the process of change management is essential for good performance.

This thesis is about some Swedish organizations that are connected to the labour movement and their actions to cope with the new hegemony around market liberalism. After the fall of the Soviet Union in the early 90-ties, the liberal order, meaning market economy and democracy reduced to the election of elites, has become totally domineering both in the western and in the former communist world. Even left wing oriented organizations have adopted their operations and activities accordingly, especially in their internal governing structure. The organizations that I have studied, mainly the Swedish Tenants organization at its local level of Stockholm, developed during the 70-ties and the 80-ties a participatorier member structure. The “Swedish model” of consensus/corporative decision-making and agreement, used by them on the national level for decades, was during that period introduced also on local and regional levels. In the 90-ties these organizations, according to earlier studies, have instead adapted a more costumer-oriented and elite-democratic way of operating and governing. These later changes could be seen as contradicting both the development of the 80-ties and the basic values of those organizations. My questions are therefore how these changes became possible and my aim is to study how the active members have contributed to this development. Using a constructionist theoretical perspective and discourse analysis, I am showing how this potential conflict between a participatory and an elite-democratic model can be reconciled by a discursive construction. The active members have in fact been able see these changes just as a modernization of their organization. From their point-of-view their organization still works in a participatory democratic way. My analysis shows how this ambiguousness and potential paradox became possible thru internal discourses and under influence from the liberal hegemony.

Este estudo analisa o processo decisório dos cooperados, ocorrido na transição agroecológica da Cooperativa Leoboqueirense de Agricultores Familiares - COOPERLAF. Esta Cooperativa está em fase de mudança do sistema produtivo: da agricultura convencional para a produção agroecológica de alimentos. Para embasar este trabalho, os princípios de planejamento e a Teoria da Decisão foram usados como principais fundamentos científicos. As teorias da Mudança, Cooperativismo e Agroecologia foram aplicadas de modo complementar. O ponto de partida da presente pesquisa foi o seguinte questionamento: qual o fluxo do processo decisório empreendido na transição agroecológica da Cooperativa? O objetivo geral foi caracterizar o processo decisório na mudança de sistema produtivo das propriedades rurais então integrantes da Cooperativa. Em nível específico, foram formulados os objetivos a seguir: ordenar os fatores que influenciaram os cooperados para a mudança, identificar fontes de informações que orientaram o processo decisório empreendido, elencar dificuldades e vantagens encontradas durante a transição agroecológica, descrever percepções dos agricultores sobre implicações da mudança e verificar se o processo de mudança fundamentou-se em teorias do planejamento. Este estudo classifica-se como uma pesquisa exploratória e descritiva, com tratamentos quantitativo (estatística descritiva) e qualitativo (análise de conteúdo) dos dados. Estes são de origem primária, pois foram realizadas entrevistas com todos os cooperados. Por meio dos resultados apresentados, pode-se dizer que a preocupação com a saúde foi o principal fator que influenciou a tomada de decisão. Quanto à fonte de informação, verificou-se como fonte inicial dos agricultores a Empresa de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural – EMATER. A maior dificuldade encontrada pelos cooperados foi a aprendizagem de novas técnicas de manejo do solo. Em termos de vantagem, a mais relevante foi a preservação da saúde. Alguns agricultores relataram que falta organização na estrutura gerencial da Cooperativa. Nas percepções individuais os assuntos mais referenciados foram: conhecimento, comunicação e planejamento; resistência e mudança; saúde e renda. O estudo demonstrou que a tomada de decisão não seguiu rigorosamente as fases do processo de planejamento. Contudo, o comprometimento de todos na organização com o processo de gerenciamento da mudança foi essencial para o bom desempenho. / This study analyzes the decision process of cooperative participants, occurred on agroecological transition of Leoboqueirense Cooperative of Family Farmers. This Cooperative is in process of changing the production system: from conventional to agroecological food production. To support this work, the principles of planning and Decision Theory were used as the main scientific foundations. Theories of Change, Cooperatives and Agroecology were applied in a complementary manner. The research starting point was the following question: what flow of the decision making process undertook the Cooperative agroecological transition? The main objective was to characterize the decision making process used by members of Cooperative farms in the production system changing. Specifically, the following objectives were formulated: to order factors that influenced the cooperative to change, to identify information sources that guided the decision making process undertook, to list advantages and difficulties encountered during the agroecological transition, describing perceptions of farmers about the implications change and to verify if that the change process was based on planning theories. This study is classified as an exploratory and descriptive research with quantitative (descriptive statistics) and qualitative (content analysis) data treatments. These data has a primary origin, as all interviews were conducted with the Cooperative participants. Through the results, we could say that the concern about health was the main factor that influenced decision making. As to the information source, it was found Enterprise Technical Assistance and Rural Extension - EMATER as the initial source of farmers. The greatest difficulty encountered by the cooperative particiapnts was learning new techniques of soil management. In terms of advantages, the most important was the preservation of health. Some farmers reported that lack organization in the management structure of the Cooperative. Individual perceptions in the most referenced topics were: knowledge, communication and planning; resistance and change, health and income. The study showed that the decision making was not strictly followed the phases of the scientific planning process. However, the involvement of everyone in the organization with the process of change management is essential for good performance.

Este estudo analisa o processo decisório dos cooperados, ocorrido na transição agroecológica da Cooperativa Leoboqueirense de Agricultores Familiares - COOPERLAF. Esta Cooperativa está em fase de mudança do sistema produtivo: da agricultura convencional para a produção agroecológica de alimentos. Para embasar este trabalho, os princípios de planejamento e a Teoria da Decisão foram usados como principais fundamentos científicos. As teorias da Mudança, Cooperativismo e Agroecologia foram aplicadas de modo complementar. O ponto de partida da presente pesquisa foi o seguinte questionamento: qual o fluxo do processo decisório empreendido na transição agroecológica da Cooperativa? O objetivo geral foi caracterizar o processo decisório na mudança de sistema produtivo das propriedades rurais então integrantes da Cooperativa. Em nível específico, foram formulados os objetivos a seguir: ordenar os fatores que influenciaram os cooperados para a mudança, identificar fontes de informações que orientaram o processo decisório empreendido, elencar dificuldades e vantagens encontradas durante a transição agroecológica, descrever percepções dos agricultores sobre implicações da mudança e verificar se o processo de mudança fundamentou-se em teorias do planejamento. Este estudo classifica-se como uma pesquisa exploratória e descritiva, com tratamentos quantitativo (estatística descritiva) e qualitativo (análise de conteúdo) dos dados. Estes são de origem primária, pois foram realizadas entrevistas com todos os cooperados. Por meio dos resultados apresentados, pode-se dizer que a preocupação com a saúde foi o principal fator que influenciou a tomada de decisão. Quanto à fonte de informação, verificou-se como fonte inicial dos agricultores a Empresa de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural – EMATER. A maior dificuldade encontrada pelos cooperados foi a aprendizagem de novas técnicas de manejo do solo. Em termos de vantagem, a mais relevante foi a preservação da saúde. Alguns agricultores relataram que falta organização na estrutura gerencial da Cooperativa. Nas percepções individuais os assuntos mais referenciados foram: conhecimento, comunicação e planejamento; resistência e mudança; saúde e renda. O estudo demonstrou que a tomada de decisão não seguiu rigorosamente as fases do processo de planejamento. Contudo, o comprometimento de todos na organização com o processo de gerenciamento da mudança foi essencial para o bom desempenho. / This study analyzes the decision process of cooperative participants, occurred on agroecological transition of Leoboqueirense Cooperative of Family Farmers. This Cooperative is in process of changing the production system: from conventional to agroecological food production. To support this work, the principles of planning and Decision Theory were used as the main scientific foundations. Theories of Change, Cooperatives and Agroecology were applied in a complementary manner. The research starting point was the following question: what flow of the decision making process undertook the Cooperative agroecological transition? The main objective was to characterize the decision making process used by members of Cooperative farms in the production system changing. Specifically, the following objectives were formulated: to order factors that influenced the cooperative to change, to identify information sources that guided the decision making process undertook, to list advantages and difficulties encountered during the agroecological transition, describing perceptions of farmers about the implications change and to verify if that the change process was based on planning theories. This study is classified as an exploratory and descriptive research with quantitative (descriptive statistics) and qualitative (content analysis) data treatments. These data has a primary origin, as all interviews were conducted with the Cooperative participants. Through the results, we could say that the concern about health was the main factor that influenced decision making. As to the information source, it was found Enterprise Technical Assistance and Rural Extension - EMATER as the initial source of farmers. The greatest difficulty encountered by the cooperative particiapnts was learning new techniques of soil management. In terms of advantages, the most important was the preservation of health. Some farmers reported that lack organization in the management structure of the Cooperative. Individual perceptions in the most referenced topics were: knowledge, communication and planning; resistance and change, health and income. The study showed that the decision making was not strictly followed the phases of the scientific planning process. However, the involvement of everyone in the organization with the process of change management is essential for good performance.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第21086号 / 工博第4450号 / 新制||工||1692(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科都市社会工学専攻 / (主査)教授 藤井 聡, 准教授 SCHMOECKER Jan-Dirk, 教授 宇野 伸宏 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

The diploma thesis deals with a concept of a new system of anesthetic administration in the Czech Republic. The attitude of anesthesiological nurses was inquired in a form of quantitative research questionnaire. It suggests higher/wilder competence for non - medical staff during carring out an anesthesia. In the particular chapters of the theoretical part are described different contexts of the topic (history of anethesia, change implementation theory, description of a current situation in anestesiology, comparison with other countries, legislative) and their mutual connection. Research results dealing with anesthesiological nurses opinions on suggested model of changes in carring out an anesthesia are described in an Empirical section. In a section Results of quantitative research I describe many facts, give explanations, confirmations or disproves of hypothesis arising from the research. According to the results, there exists sufficient support among anesthesilogical nurses for carring out a new system of work into an anesthesiological department. Based on facts and information from the first part of the thesis and data research I described a plan of change implementation supervision. Key expressions competence, anesthesiology, non - medical staff, change supervision, system of work

As waste is separated at the source, the success of the Swedish recycling system largely depends on an active participation of households. However, especially young people were found to not consistently follow their local recycling schemes. A recent and promising approach to tackle such suboptimal household recycling behaviour (HRB) is the use of persuasive technology. To understand and further its context-specific potential, this research aims to explore the key elements of persuasive technology which aspires to promote sustainable household recycling behaviour among adults in Sweden. The chosen methodology is research through design. Based on the results of a literature review and online survey among target users (N=50), a mobile phone application was designed in an iterative manner. Through these activities, the following key elements were established: (1) easy access to information about optimal household recycling behaviour, (2) employment of several motivational strategies, (3) recognition of differences between local recycling schemes, (4) regard of users as equals and (5) use of a readily accessible technology channel. The impact of these elements depends on the users’ ability to carry out the target behaviour and therefore on a well-functioning recycling system. The technological format of persuasive technology interventions was found to spark the target users’ curiosity. Using this as a ‘carrot’, a well-designed content is argued to encourage repeated use and a reflection process to help break unsustainable household recycling habits. / Eftersom avfall separeras vid dess källa, beror Sveriges återvinningssystems framgång i stor utsträckning på aktivt deltagande hushåll. Studier har visat att särskilt unga inte följer lokala återvinningsrutiner på ett konsekvent sätt. Ett nytt och lovande tillvägagångssätt för att hantera detta suboptimala hushållsåtervinningsbeteende (English: household recycling behaviour (HRB)) är användningen av övertygande teknik. Syftet med denna studie är att utforska de viktigaste delarna av övertygande teknik som strävar till att främja ett hållbart hushållsåtervinningsbeteende hos vuxna i Sverige. Den valda metodiken är forskningsdriven design. Baserat på resultat från en litteraturstudie samt en online enkätundersökning fokuserad på målgruppen unga (N=50), designades en mobilapplikation genom ett iterativt tillvägagångssätt. Studien identifierade följande nyckelelement för en övertygande design i domänen: (1) Lättillgänglig information angående optimalt hushållsåtervinningsbeteende, (2) Användning av flera motivationsstrategier, (3) Identifiering av skillnader mellan lokala återvinningsrutiner, (4) Betrakta användare som jämställda och (5) Användning av lättillgänglig teknikkanal. Effekterna av dessa element är beroende av att användarna även har möjlighet att utföra den önskade sopsorteringen, och därför på ett välfungerande återvinningssystem. Designlösningen att använda sig av övertygande teknik i form av en app visade sig väcka målanvändarnas nyfikenhet. Studien visar att en väldesignad app kan fungera som en 'morot' för att uppmuntra användning över en längre tid, och skapa en reflektionsprocess som kan bryta ohållbara återvinningsvanor.