Post-dam removal geomorphologic adjustment of a stream channel has been documented in the scientific literature at watershed, hillslope, and laboratory scales. Hillslope-scale studies in channel cross sections are most common and add significant value in the dam-removal literature. This study examines geomorphic stream channel adjustment following dam removal at the hillslope scale under natural climatic conditions. A sedimentfilled silt fence dam (1 m tall, 12.65 m wide) was removed in three stages, and the width and depth of the upstream developing channel was monitored at six transects for 15 months. Headcut retreat and changes in channel sinuosity were also recorded. After the silt fence dam was removed, channel development was initiated by headcut formation, which migrated upstream at a rate of 4 cm/d for about 10 months and then gradually reached attenuation. The channel progressed through four distinct stages: Stage 1 (Initial conditions); Stage 2 (Downcutting)-wide, shallow, meandering channel incised to a maximum depth of 0.52 m, and sinuosity decreased; Stage 3 (Floodplain development)-upon reaching base level, surface runoff began to meander within the channel, widening it through bank slumps and erosion; and Stage 4 (Quasi-equilibrium)-channel development reached dynamic (quasi-) equilibrium with only minor widening at downstream transects (maximum width of the incised channel reached 0.46 m), accompanied by sediment aggradation. The stages of upstream channel development and headcut retreat pattern in this study are consistent with the findings of other studies at the laboratory and watershed scales, indicating that channel development after dam removal is scale independent.

En la actualidad, el negocio de lavanderías a nivel nacional ha ido innovando en el transcurso de los últimos años, ya que gracias a la tecnología y a las nuevas tendencias del mercado se ha podido dar un giro al servicio tradicional al cual se estaba acostumbrado. En este caso, existen herramientas tecnológicas como los aplicativos móviles, los cuales se han adaptado para el modelo de negocio de lavanderías simplificándole la vida al consumidor, ya que existen diversas variables como la falta de tiempo para trasladarse a una tienda de servicio y el horario de trabajo de los potenciales clientes que les impide llegar a tiempo a dejar o recoger la ropa. De esta manera, el tema de investigación consiste en analizar las relaciones entre los factores de uso, tales como: el nivel de entendimiento del usuario, la calidad del sistema y la calidad del diseño de los aplicativos móviles en el servicio de lavanderías en Lima Metropolitana. A través de un estudio cualitativo y cuantitativo, se buscará evidenciar y demostrar que existe una relación y es relevante para el negocio de lavanderías por un aplicativo en la ciudad de Lima, Perú. / Currently, the laundry business nationwide has been innovating in recent years, since thanks to technology and new market trends it has been possible to turn the traditional service to which it was accustomed. In this case, there are technological tools such as mobile applications, which have been adapted for the laundry business model, making life easier for the consumer, since there are various variables such as the lack of time to go to a service store and the schedule of potential customers that prevents them from being on time to drop off or pick up clothes. In this way, the research topic consists of analyzing the relationships between the use factors, such as: the level of user understanding, the quality of the system and the quality of the design of mobile applications in the laundry service in Metropolitan Lima. . Through a qualitative and quantitative study, it will seek to demonstrate and demonstrate that a relationship exists and is relevant to the laundry business by an application in the city of Lima, Peru. / Trabajo de investigación

As traditional communication technology we use in our day-to-day life reaches its limitations, the international community searches for new methods to communicate information. One such novel approach is the so-called molecular communication system. During the last few decades, molecular communication systems become more and more popular. The main difference between traditional communication and molecular communication systems is that in the latter, information transfer occurs through chemical means, most often between microorganisms. This process already happens all around us naturally, for example, in the human body. Even though the molecular communication topic is attractive to researchers, and a lot of theoretical results are available - one cannot claim the same about the practical use of molecular communication. As for experimental results, a few studies have been done on the macroscale, but investigations at the micro- and nanoscale ranges are still lacking because they are a challenging task. In this work, a self-contained introduction of the underlying theory of molecular communication is provided, which includes knowledge from different areas such as biology, chemistry, communication theory, and applied mathematics. Two numerical methods are implemented for three well-studied partial differential equations of the MC field where advection, diffusion, and the reaction are taken into account. Numerical results for test cases in one and three dimensions are presented and discussed in detail. Conclusions and essential analytical and numerical future directions are then drawn.

In this modern communication era, we are surrounded by unlimited electronic devices, the need to connect with everyone and everything increases dramatically. As the number of electronic devices increases, the amount of data to process increases and the need for higher data speeds occurs. After 1G and 2G, LTE (Long Term Evolution, 3G) come with the improvements in technology which allows reaching those new high data rates. Next comes the upgraded version of LTE called LTE-Advanced, which was launched to boost the speeds further. In this thesis, a 4G LTE environment has been created using (Graphic User Interface) in MATLAB. Many characteristics and parameters can be tuned such as type of modulation, number of UEs, type of channel, channel scenario, and some others to know how the system behaves and varied results outcome. Focus on the presence of a line of sight between the receiver and the transmitter helps to distinguish the Rayleigh and Rician scenario. In this thesis simulations on different channel models are simulated and various beamforming algorithms are tested to estimate that line of sight component (K-factor) and Error vector magnitude. The main aim of the thesis is to understand the communication channel behaviour in Static (Line of sight between transmitter and receiver) condition and High-Speed Train Condition along with EPA, EVA, ETU. The other aim of this report is to use the channel knowledge comprises of signal to noise ratio (SNR), bit error rate (BER) and error vector magnitude (EVM) helps to reduce the number of computations required while performing beamforming by varying the beam weight resolution.

The ongoing miniaturization of semiconductor manufacturing technologies has enabled the integration of tens to hundreds of processing cores on a single chip. Unlike frequency-scaling where performance is increased equally across the board, core-scaling and hardware thread-scaling harness the additional processing power through the concurrent execution of multiple processes or programs. This approach of mingling or interleaving process executions has engendered a new set of security challenges that risks to undermine nearly three decades’ worth of computer architecture design efforts. The complexity of the runtime interactions and aggressive resource sharing among processes, e.g., caches or interconnect network paths, have created a fertile ground to mount attacks of ever-increasing acuteness against these computer systems. One such class of attacks is cache side-channel attacks. While caches are vital to the performance of current processors, they have also been the target of numerous side-channel attacks. As a result, a few cache architectures have been proposed to defend against these attacks. However, these designs tend to provide security at the expense of performance, area and power. Therefore, the design of secure, high-performance cache architectures is still a pressing research challenge. In this thesis, we examine the viability of self-aware adaptive caches as a defense mechanism against cache side-channel attacks. We define an adaptive cache as a caching structure with (i) run-time reconfiguration capability, and (ii) intelligent built-in logic to monitor itself and determine its parameter settings. Since the success of most cache side-channel attacks depend on the attacker’s knowledge of the key cache parameters such as associativity, set count, replacement policy, among others, an adaptive cache can provide a moving target defense approach against many of these cache side-channel attacks. Therefore, we hypothesize that the runtime changes in certain cache parameters should render some of the side-channel attacks less effective due to their dependence on knowing the exact configuration of the caches. / 2020-06-03T00:00:00Z

Nutrient recognition is one of the main physiological roles of the gustatory system. In mammals, it is well established that the taste of sodium salts is primarily mediated by sodium influx through the epithelial sodium channel. The epithelial sodium channel is a sodium-specific ion channel that is expressed across a wide range of transporting epithelia such as colon, kidney, and taste. In addition to its role as a salt taste receptor, sodium influx through the epithelial sodium channel is important systemically for maintaining sodium balance and blood pressure. Following our earlier work on the endocrine regulation of salt taste at the level of the epithelial sodium channel, we hypothesize that the epithelial sodium channel expressed in mouse taste receptor cells plays a central role in the restoration of salt and water balance. Using a multidisciplinary approach that includes patch clamp recording, functional sodium imaging, molecular biology, Western blotting, and behavioral assays, we have begun to investigate different mechanisms of the epithelial sodium channel regulation in the taste system. In the present study, we have demonstrated a number of mechanisms that regulate the epithelial sodium channel by both ions and/or hormones in mouse taste cells. In general, three new mechanisms of the epithelial sodium channel regulation were identified: (1) regulation of the epithelial sodium channel by chloride ions, (2) regulation of the epithelial sodium channel by insulin, and (3) alterations of the epithelial sodium channel function in diabetic taste cells. To test the relevance of one or more of these regulatory mechanisms in the animals' behavior, we used a variety of short-term behavioral assays. Interestingly, the results suggested that insulin regulates salt intake in rodents, which dovetails nicely with our functional and molecular findings. Consistent with insulin's physiological role in salt taste transduction, we investigated the modification of the epithelial sodium channel function during the onset of diabetes. Diabetic rodents displayed alterations in salt taste transduction via epithelial sodium channel from the gene level to the animals' behavior. These results are an example of how regulatory cues, like hormones, act on specific transduction elements to modulate the peripheral gustatory system.

The organization and morphology of Middle Fork Sheep Creek and South Fork Sheep Creek, two mountain streams in the upper Sheep Creek basin, are controlled by the spatial distribution of glacial moraines. Both channels are organized into a reoccurring sequence of steep-gradient reaches changing downstream to low-gradient reaches. Steep-gradient reaches are located where the channels flow through moraine s. Low-gradient reaches are located in meadows downstream of the steep-gradient reaches and immediately upstream of the next moraine. Knickpoints in the longitudinal profiles of both streams coincide with the location of moraines. Large boulder s, beyond the size transportable by the channel at bankfull discharge, are found within the steep-gradient channels, and are presumed to be glacial lag. Between knickpoints, channel morphology follows the conceptual model of Montgomery and Buffington. Unlike mountain channels elsewhere, landslides, debris flows, and alluvial fans do not influence the morphology or organization of Middle Fork Sheep Creek and South Fork Sheep Creek. Large woody debris loading is less than on channels in Washington and Alaska, with debris dams found mainly in reaches with gradients less than cascade and greater than pool-riffle. Middle Fork Sheep Creek and South Fork Sheep Creek are located in a glaciated basin. At time scales of 103 to 104 years, the channels may be classified as in disequilibrium and the system is not adjusted to present conditions. The presence of large, unmovable boulder s within the steep-gradient channels allows the location of the steep-gradient channels to remain static until the large particles are transported during infrequent large discharges. At time scales of 101 to 102 years, the channels may be thought of as equilibrium systems with channel variables adjusted to the present climate.

The purpose of a channel emulator is to emulate a communication channel in real-life use case scenario. These emulators are often used in the domains of research in digital and wireless communication. One such area is error correction coding, where transmitted data bits over a channel are decoded and corrected to prevent data loss. A channel emulator that does not follow the properties of the channel it is intended to replicate can lead to mistakes while analyzing the performance of an error-correcting decoder. Hence, it is crucial to validate an emulator for a particular communication channel. This work delves into the statistics of a channel emulator and analyzes its effects on a particular decoder.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Voltage-gated sodium channels (Navs) undergo remarkably complex modes of modulation to fine tune membrane excitability and neuronal firing properties. In neurons, the isoform Nav1.6 is highly enriched at the axon initial segment and nodes, making it critical for the initiation and propagation of neuronal impulses. Thus, Nav1.6 modulation and dysfunction may profoundly impact the input-output properties of neurons in normal and pathological conditions. Phosphorylation is a powerful and reversible mechanism that exquisitely modulates ion channels. To this end, the multifunctional calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) can transduce neuronal activity through phosphorylation of diverse substrates to serve as a master regulator of neuronal function. Because Nav1.6 and CaMKII are independently linked to excitability disorders, I sought to investigate modulation of Nav1.6 function by CaMKII signaling to reveal an important mechanism underlying neuronal excitability. Multiple biochemical approaches show Nav1.6 is a novel substrate for CaMKII and reveal multi-site phosphorylation within the L1 domain; a hotspot for post-translational regulation in other Nav isoforms. Consistent with these findings, pharmacological inhibition of CaMKII reduces transient and persistent sodium currents in Purkinje neurons. Because Nav1.6 is the predominant sodium current observed in Purkinje neurons, these data suggest that Nav1.6 may be modulated through CaMKII signaling. In support of this, my studies demonstrate that CaMKII inhibition significantly attenuates Nav1.6 transient and persistent sodium currents and shifts the voltage-dependence of activation to more depolarizing potentials in heterologous cells. Interestingly, I show that these functional effects are likely mediated by CaMKII phosphorylation of Nav1.6 at S561 and T642, and that each phosphorylation site regulates distinct biophysical characteristics of the channel. These findings are further extended to investigate CaMKII modulation of disease-linked mutant Nav1.6 channels. I show that different Nav1.6 mutants display distinct responses to CaMKII modulation and reveal that acute CaMKII inhibition attenuates gain-of-function effects produced by mutant channels. Importantly, computational simulations modeling the effects of CaMKII inhibition on WT and mutant Nav1.6 channels demonstrate dramatic reductions in neuronal excitability in Purkinje and cortical pyramidal cell models. Together, these findings suggest that CaMKII modulation of Nav1.6 may be a powerful mechanism to regulate physiological and pathological neuronal excitability. / 2022-02-02

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第18233号 / 工博第3825号 / 新制||工||1586(附属図書館) / 31091 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科合成・生物化学専攻 / (主査)教授 森 泰生, 教授 濵地 格, 教授 梅田 眞郷 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DGAM