Le carcinome hépatocellulaire (CHC) est un des cancers les plus importants en termes de mortalité. D'ici à 2020, les prévisions indiquent une multiplication par trois du nombre de nouveaux cas à travers le monde. De nos jours, la grande majorité des cas diagnostiqués sont à un stade avancé, et les seuls traitements existants ont montré quelques limites (efficacité modérée, coût élevé...). D'autres alternatives ont été développées, notamment pour les métastases intrahépatiques (chimio-embolisation trans-artérielle ou radio-embolisation). Mais lorsque cela est associé à une dissémination extrahépatique, comme dans la plupart des cas, très peu de possibilités peuvent être proposées. De nombreuses études ont montré que les récepteurs de la somatostatine étaient sur-exprimés dans les tissus tumoraux, et en particulier dans les cas de CHC. Par conséquent, ces récepteurs semblent assez prometteurs pour le ciblage tumoral, que ce soit pour l'imagerie ou pour la thérapie. Basé sur leur propriété de reconnaissance (magic bullet concept), une alternative pourrait être de développer des radiotraceurs, aussi appelés radiopharmaceutiques, pour localiser ou détruire sélectivement les cellules cancéreuses. Cela consiste à concevoir un système en trois parties avec une biomolécule (analogue de la somatostatine), une agent bifonctionnel chélatant (BCA) et un radioélément qui émet un rayonnement gamma ou ß-. Pour être réellement efficace, ce système doit être stable in vivo afin de pouvoir imager et/ou irradier spécifiquement la masse tumorale visée. Parmi les radioisotopes utilisés pour les applications en imagerie/thérapie, le couple technétium-99m/rhénium-188 est très intéressant. Le technétium-99m est l'isotope de choix en médecine nucléaire pour l'imagerie, et le rhénium-188 est très prometteur pour la thérapie. Ce travail rapporte nos premiers résultats relatifs à chacune des étapes dans le développement de radiopharmaceutiques vectorisés. De la synthèse des ligands bifonctionnels chélatants, aux premières études in vitro, en passant par toute la partie de bioconjugaison et le radiomarquage au 99mTc et au 188Re. / Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most important cancer in terms of mortality. By 2020, forecasts indicate a threefold increase of new HCC cases worldwide. Nowadays the large majority of diagnosed cases are advanced and the only existing treatments showed some drawbacks (expensive costs, low efficiency...). Different alternatives have been developed, especially for intrahepatic metastasis (radioembolization). But when there is also an extrahepatic dissemination, as in many cases, very few possibilities are available. Many studies showed that somatostatin receptors were over-expressed in tumor tissue, especially in the case of HCC, in contrast to healthy cells. Therefore, these receptors are promising for tumor targeting, either for imaging or for therapy. Based the recognition properties of these receptors, an alternative would be to develop radiotracers, so-called radiopharmaceuticals, to localize or destroy cancer cells selectively. This challenge consists in a three-parts system including a biomolecule (somatostatin analogue), a bifunctional chelating agent (BCA) and a radioactive isotope which delivers gamma or ß- emission. To be efficient, this system must be stable in vivo in order to imaging and/or irradiate selectively the targeted tumour mass. Among radioisotopes for targeted imaging/therapeutic applications, technetium-99m/rhenium-188 pair is very interesting, technetium-99m being the radioisotope of choice in nuclear medicine for imaging purposes (suitable physical properties), rhenium-188 being promising for therapeutic purposes. This work reports our first results related to each step of the development of the targeting radiopharmaceutical. From the synthesis of the chelating cavity, to the first in vitro studies, by way of all the bioconjugation work and the radiolabelling with 99mTc and 188Re.

abstract: Negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) and channel hot carrier (CHC) are important reliability issues impacting analog circuit performance and lifetime. Compact reliability models and efficient simulation methods are essential for circuit level reliability prediction. This work proposes a set of compact models of NBTI and CHC effects for analog and mixed-signal circuit, and a direct prediction method which is different from conventional simulation methods. This method is applied in circuit benchmarks and evaluated. This work helps with improving efficiency and accuracy of circuit aging prediction. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Electrical Engineering 2011

Recent advances in the optimization of fixed time traffic signals have demonstrated a move towards the use of genetic algorithm optimization with traffic network performance evaluated via stochastic microscopic simulation models. This dissertation examines methods for improved optimization. Several modified versions of the genetic algorithm and alternative genetic operators were evaluated on test networks. A traffic simulation model was developed for assessment purposes. Application of the CHC search algorithm with real crossover and mutation operators were found to offer improved optimization efficiency over the standard genetic algorithm with binary genetic operators. Computing resources are best utilized by using a single replication of the traffic simulation model with common random numbers for fitness evaluations. Combining the improvements, delay reductions between 13%-32% were obtained over the standard approaches. A coding scheme allowing for complete optimization of signal phasing is proposed and a statistical model for comparing genetic algorithm optimization efficiency on stochastic functions is also introduced. Alternative delay measurements, amendments to genetic operators and modifications to the CHC algorithm are also suggested.

Die gesetzlich vorgeschriebene Nachsorge von Frühgeborenen in Deutschland beschränkt sich nach den Vorgaben des G-BA momentan auf eine Entwicklungstestung mit den Bayley Scales of Infant Development im Alter von zwei Jahren. Entwicklungsuntersuchungen zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt sind jedoch notwendig, da neurologische Folgen bzw. Auswirkungen dann besser beurteilt und gemessen werden können. Die WUEP-KD ist eine neuropsychologische Testbatterie, die auf der CHC-Theorie basiert und den Vorteil einer guten Normierung und Validierung für deutsche Kinder, sowie einer kurzen Durchführungszeit hat. Außerdem wurden bereits langjährig Erfahrungen in der Anwendung bei Kindern mit anderen neuropsychologischen Problemen gesammelt. Wir wendeten die WUEP-KD bei sechs bis acht Jahre alten Kindern an, die in den Jahren 2001 und 2002 in der Frauenklinik der Universität Würzburg mit einem Geburtsgewicht von unter 1500g zur Welt gekommen waren und in der Universitätskinderklinik Würzburg behandelt wurden. Weiterhin wurden zehn termingerecht geborene und gesunde Kinder im gleichen Alter untersucht. Es stellte sich heraus, dass die Frühgeborenen, die an unserer Studie teilgenommen hatten, signifikant besser bei den BSID-II im Alter von zwei Jahren abgeschnitten hatten als diejenigen, die wir leider nicht von einer Teilnahme überzeugen konnten. Tendenziell zeigte sich in unserer Studie bezüglich der zentralen mentalen Leistungsfähigkeit dennoch eine geringere Leistung bei geringerem Gestationsalter und bzw. oder geringerem Geburtsgewicht. Die Ergebnisse des Untertests CPM, welcher die fluide Intelligenz abbildet, waren signifikant unterschiedlich beim Gruppenvergleich der Geburtsgewichte sowie des Gestationsalters. Somit konnten wir mit unserer Methodik ebenso wie in anderen Studien einen Unterschied in der kognitiven Leistung zwischen den VLBW-Kindern und den ELBW-Kindern im Alter von sechs bis acht Jahren nachweisen. Beim Vergleich mit den Untersuchungen im Alter von zwei bis drei Jahren konnten wir weitgehend eine gleichbleibende Leistung nachweisen, die Ergebnisse der Bayley-Scales und der mentalen Gesamtleistung der WUEP-KD korrelierten signifikant. Um eine umfassende Diagnostik durchzuführen und weitere Intelligenzfaktoren nach der CHC-Theorie zu erfassen, werden in der WUEP-KD computerisierte Tests verwendet. Zur Messung der feinmotorischen Leistung wurde hierfür das Speed-Tapping verwendet, welches bisher nicht in der Untersuchung Frühgeborener angewandt wurde. Die feinmotorischen Fähigkeiten der Früh- und Reifgeborenen lagen durchschnittlich im Normbereich, jedoch hatten doppelt so viele Frühgeborene als Reifgeborene Defizite in der Feinmotorik. Insbesondere die ELBW-Kinder waren hiervon betroffen. Bei Betrachtung der Frühgeborenen konnte eine signifikante Korrelation zwischen dem Gestationsalter und der feinmotorischen Leistung nachgewiesen werden. Somit konnten wir nachweisen, dass ein geringeres Geburtsgewicht und Gestationsalter das Risiko erhöhen, feinmotorische Defizite im Schulalter nachweisen zu können – auch wenn keine höhergradigen intrakraniellen Blutungen im Neugeborenenalter aufgetreten waren und die kognitive Leistung zum Zeitpunkt der Untersuchung im Normbereich liegt. Die WUEP-KD kann zusätzlich im Bereich der motorischen Fähigkeiten Defizite aufdecken. Die Aufmerksamkeitsleistung, gemessen mit dem CPT, lag im Normbereich, dennoch waren wiederum vermehrt Defizite bei den ELBW-Kindern und den Kindern mit einem Gestationsalter unter 29 SSW zu beobachten. Um das Verhalten und die Lebensqualität der frühgeborenen Kinder einschätzen zu können, ließen wir die Eltern drei Fragebögen beantworten (CBCL, SDQ, KINDL-R). Hier konnten wir größtenteils keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen den Reif- und Frühgeborenen feststellen. Im Fragebogen zur Lebensqualität konnten bei den Frühgeborenen sogar signifikant bessere Ergebnisse in den Bereichen „Freunde“ und „Selbstwert“ nachgewiesen werden. Die WUEP-KD stellt aus unserer Sicht eine geeignete Methodik dar, um frühgeborene Kinder in ihrer weiteren Entwicklung nachzuuntersuchen – sie basiert auf der CHC-Theorie, dem Goldstandard der Intelligenzdiagnostik, hat eine kurze Durchführungsdauer, es besteht eine langjährige Anwendung und Erfahrung in der Durchführung bei Kindern mit neuropsychologischer Problematik und hat die nun nachgewiesene Fähigkeit kognitive und motorische Defizite bei frühgeborenen Kindern aufzudecken. Hierdurch können die betroffenen Kinder in ihren Fähigkeiten und Grenzen besser eingeschätzt und somit gezielt betreut werden. / The WUEP-KD is a neuropsychological assessment battery, which is based on the CHC-theory and has the advantage of a good standardization and validation for German children as well as a short performance time. We examined 36 preterms with a birth weight below 1500g and ten full-term children at the ages of six to eight years. We could demonstrate a significant increase in cognitive and fine-motor performances with increasing birth weight and gestational age. Regarding the attention performance we could see more deficits in the ELBWI (extreme low birth weight infants, <1000g) and in the children with a gestational age below 29 weeks. In our opinion the WUEP-KD is a useful tool to examine the further development of preterm children. The test offers a good assessment of the abilities and limitations of preterm children at the early school-age and parents can be counseled accordingly.

Every mother and child has the right to survive childbirth which requires skilled birth attendants together with referral and available emergency obstetric care (EmOC). The objective of the study was to describe delivery care routines at different levels in the health care system in Quang Ninh province, Northern Vietnam. The design was cross sectional using a structured questionnaire. Two districts in Quang Ninh province with 40 Community Health Centres (CHC), three district hospitals and one region hospital was included in the study, in total 138 (CHC n=105 and hospitals n=33) health care providers participated. In our study 20% (CHC) of the health care providers assisting deliveries at CHC were midwives and health care provider’s in our study further report to have assisted at less then 10 deliveries/year (81% of respondents at CHC). Findings show that the health care provider’s routines and care for women during labour and delivery vary and that there is a need for re-training and that women in labour should be cared for by health care providers with adequate training like midwifery. In our study CHC had poor resources to provide basic or comprehensive EmOC. Our findings indicate that there is a need for re-training in delivery care among health care providers and since the number of deliveries at CHC is few they should be handled by someone who is a skilled birth attendant. Our findings also show a variation in care routines during labour and delivery among health care providers at CHC and hospital levels and this also show the need for re-training and support from proper authorities in order to improve maternal and newborn health.

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Agradecemos a compreensão. on 2016-09-02T19:13:42Z (GMT) / Submitted by MATHEUS ALVAREZ null (matheus@ibb.unesp.br) on 2016-09-08T12:51:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Matheus Tese Final - Apend e FC.pdf: 4914163 bytes, checksum: b130a3757b044bcbf1520f2e0437ba1a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-09-08T16:26:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 alvarez_m_dr_bot.pdf: 4914163 bytes, checksum: b130a3757b044bcbf1520f2e0437ba1a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-08T16:26:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 alvarez_m_dr_bot.pdf: 4914163 bytes, checksum: b130a3757b044bcbf1520f2e0437ba1a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-01 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O carcinoma hepatocelular (CHC) é um tumor primário do fígado e envolve diferentes modalidades de tratamento de acordo com seu estadiamento. Depois de terapias locais, como a quiomioembolização transarterial (do inglês, Transarterial Chemoembolization), a avaliação do tumor se baseia nos critérios mRECIST (do inglês, Modified Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors), que envolvem a medição do diâmetro máximo da lesão viável. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento de um algoritmo para a quantificação objetiva da eficiência da quimioembolização na redução de volume e diâmetro máximo do CHC. Foram utilizados 64 exames retrospectivos de Tomografia Computadorizada (TC) de 32 pacientes. Nesta pesquisa foram comparadas, em pacientes que receberam tratamento por quimioembolização, as medidas do diâmetro maior do CHC viável, estimadas por especialista da área de radiologia e pelo algoritmo desenvolvido neste estudo. O Volume Tumoral Total (VTT) dos CHC antes e após o processo de quimioembolização também foram estimados utilizando um algoritmo, desenvolvido com base em transformadas discretas de wavelet (DWT). Um fantoma virtual simulando as características do fígado normal e contrastado foi desenvolvido para o planejamento, desenvolvimento e validação do algoritmo de detecção. A comparação do diâmetro máximo do tumor, estimado por um especialista e pelo algoritmo revelou diferenças na ordem de 0,25 cm para os tumores de grandes dimensões (diâmetro > 5 centímetros), enquanto uma diferença menor que 0,1 cm foi encontrada para os tumores de pequenos diâmetros. Reduções de CHC na ordem de 51.5±70.0% e 62,8±75,6% após a quimioembolização foram encontradas no método do diâmetro e volume estimado, respectivamente, enquanto 57,8±64.1% e 70,6±36,4% foram encontrados pela segmentação do CHC para o maior diâmetro e volume, respectivamente. A maior diferença pode ser explicada pelo fato do algoritmo descontar áreas de necrose tumoral, visto que isso é difícil em alguns casos de CHC onde a necrose aparece difusa no tumor. A correlação de Pearson entre resposta e sobrevida analisada foi de 0,46 para volume segmentado e 0,17 para o diâmetro. Dessa forma, os resultados apresentados nesta pesquisa vêm colaborar com os métodos subjetivos de medição dos tumores apresentando maior confiabilidade na avaliação das áreas de realce do CHC. EssaO carcinoma hepatocelular (CHC) é um tumor primário do fígado e envolve diferentes modalidades de tratamento de acordo com seu estadiamento. Depois de terapias locais, como a quiomioembolização transarterial (do inglês, Transarterial Chemoembolization), a avaliação do tumor se baseia nos critérios mRECIST (do inglês, Modified Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors), que envolvem a medição do diâmetro máximo da lesão viável. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento de um algoritmo para a quantificação objetiva da eficiência da quimioembolização na redução de volume e diâmetro máximo do CHC. Foram utilizados 64 exames retrospectivos de Tomografia Computadorizada (TC) de 32 pacientes. Nesta pesquisa foram comparadas, em pacientes que receberam tratamento por quimioembolização, as medidas do diâmetro maior do CHC viável, estimadas por especialista da área de radiologia e pelo algoritmo desenvolvido neste estudo. O Volume Tumoral Total (VTT) dos CHC antes e após o processo de quimioembolização também foram estimados utilizando um algoritmo, desenvolvido com base em transformadas discretas de wavelet (DWT). Um fantoma virtual simulando as características do fígado normal e contrastado foi desenvolvido para o planejamento, desenvolvimento e validação do algoritmo de detecção. A comparação do diâmetro máximo do tumor, estimado por um especialista e pelo algoritmo revelou diferenças na ordem de 0,25 cm para os tumores de grandes dimensões (diâmetro > 5 centímetros), enquanto uma diferença menor que 0,1 cm foi encontrada para os tumores de pequenos diâmetros. Reduções de CHC na ordem de 51.5±70.0% e 62,8±75,6% após a quimioembolização foram encontradas no método do diâmetro e volume estimado, respectivamente, enquanto 57,8±64.1% e 70,6±36,4% foram encontrados pela segmentação do CHC para o maior diâmetro e volume, respectivamente. A maior diferença pode ser explicada pelo fato do algoritmo descontar áreas de necrose tumoral, visto que isso é difícil em alguns casos de CHC onde a necrose aparece difusa no tumor. A correlação de Pearson entre resposta e sobrevida analisada foi de 0,46 para volume segmentado e 0,17 para o diâmetro. Dessa forma, os resultados apresentados nesta pesquisa vêm colaborar com os métodos subjetivos de medição dos tumores apresentando maior confiabilidade na avaliação das áreas de realce do CHC. Essa pesquisa traz contribuições originais para a comunidade cientifica com os algoritimos para quantificação objetiva de tumores no figado, a serem utilizados com confiabilidade de modo a otimizar a relação risco-beneficio para o paciente e custo-beneficio para a instituição. / Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary liver tumor and involves different types of treatment according to tumor staging. After local therapies such as transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), the evaluation of the tumor is based on mRECIST criteria (Modified Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors), which involves the measurement of the maximum diameter of the viable lesion. This research aimed to develop an algorithm for objective quantification of the efficiency of chemoembolization in reducing volume and maximum diameter CHC. 64 retrospective examination of computed tomography (CT) of 32 patients were used. Measures of patients who were treated by chemoembolization were compared using the measures of larger diameter viable CHC, estimated by specialist radiology and the algorithm developed in this study. The Total Tumor Volume (TTV) of CHC before and after chemoembolization process were also estimated using an algorithm developed based on Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). A virtual phantom simulating the characteristics of normal liver and contrasted was developed for planning, development and validation of detection algorithm. The comparison of the maximum tumor diameter, estimated by an expert and the algorithm revealed differences in the order of 0.25 cm for large tumors (diameter> 5 cm), while less than 0.1 cm difference was found for tumors of small diameters. CHC reductions of 51.5% ± 70.0 and 62.8 ± 75.6% were found after chemoembolization method in diameter and estimated volume, respectively, and 57.8% ± 64.1 and 70.6 ± 36.4% They were found by targeting the CHC for the larger diameter and volume, respectively. The biggest difference can be explained by the fact that the algorithm does not count areas of tumor necrosis, whereas it is difficult for the radiologist in some cases where CHC necrosis appears diffuse in the tumor. The Pearson correlation between response and analyzed survival was 0.46 and 0.17 for segmented volume and diameter. Thus, the results presented in this research come collaborate with subjective measurement of tumors showing higher reliability methods in the evaluation of the areas of enhancement of HCC. This research brings unique contributions to the scientific community with the algorithms for objective quantification of tumors in the liver, to be used in order to optimize the risk-benefit ratio for the patient and cost-effective for the institution.

Orientador: Diana Rodrigues de Pina / Resumo: O carcinoma hepatocelular (CHC) é um tumor primário do fígado e envolve diferentes modalidades de tratamento de acordo com seu estadiamento. Depois de terapias locais, como a quiomioembolização transarterial (do inglês, Transarterial Chemoembolization), a avaliação do tumor se baseia nos critérios mRECIST (do inglês, Modified Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors), que envolvem a medição do diâmetro máximo da lesão viável. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento de um algoritmo para a quantificação objetiva da eficiência da quimioembolização na redução de volume e diâmetro máximo do CHC. Foram utilizados 64 exames retrospectivos de Tomografia Computadorizada (TC) de 32 pacientes. Nesta pesquisa foram comparadas, em pacientes que receberam tratamento por quimioembolização, as medidas do diâmetro maior do CHC viável, estimadas por especialista da área de radiologia e pelo algoritmo desenvolvido neste estudo. O Volume Tumoral Total (VTT) dos CHC antes e após o processo de quimioembolização também foram estimados utilizando um algoritmo, desenvolvido com base em transformadas discretas de wavelet (DWT). Um fantoma virtual simulando as características do fígado normal e contrastado foi desenvolvido para o planejamento, desenvolvimento e validação do algoritmo de detecção. A comparação do diâmetro máximo do tumor, estimado por um especialista e pelo algoritmo revelou diferenças na ordem de 0,25 cm para os tumores de grandes dimensões (diâmetro > 5... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Doutor

The Cattell-Horn-Carroll Theory of cognitive functioning is a well-validated framework for intelligence. Cross-battery assessment is a means utilizing CHC theory in practice. School psychologists write recommendations with the assumption that teachers understand the cognitive abilities underlying basic academic tasks in the same way. Theoretically, the more similar the understanding of these two groups, the greater the likelihood of appropriate referrals and intervention fidelity. Teacher perceptions of their students' cognitive abilities impact the referrals that they make and intervention strategies that they implement. In this study, teachers and school psychologists were asked to sort basic academic tasks into the CHC broad abilities. The central research questions being asked are as follows: Are school psychologists and teachers equally proficient at identifying the broad cognitive ability demands of a basic academic task? How do the responses of the participants compare to the theoretical model presented? Do teachers and school psychologists become better at identifying the cognitive demands of a task with experience or higher levels of training? In order to answer the first research question, MANOVAs were performed. There was a significant overall difference between groups on their responses. While teachers and school psychologists differed significantly on five of the eight CHC broad ability scales. School psychologists were only significantly better at consistently identifying the basic academic tasks that utilized Fluid Reasoning. To answer the second research question, principal components factor analysis was performed. The factors created displayed limited similarity to the theoretical factors. Pearson correlations between the theoretical factors and the factors created through factor analysis revealed multiple positive correlations that accounted for more than 10% of the variance. The theoretical scales that were more significantly correlated were Fluid Reasoning, Auditory Processing, and Processing Speed. To answer the third research question, Pearson correlations were calculated. This analysis revealed that neither group develops a better understanding of the cognitive abilities required to perform academic tasks with experience. Level of education is not related to accuracy for teachers on any of the items. Level of education is significantly correlated with accuracy in identifying tasks that require Visual Processing for school psychologists. / School Psychology

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:30:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4304.pdf: 1024628 bytes, checksum: 668e3d7ee9a9c99bca8b4665d1697ba9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-09 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / Metacognition can be defined as the knowledge people have about their own cognitive processes, which can help them plan, monitor, regulate and assess their cognitive activities. Studies in the field have produced instruments and measures designed to assess metacognitive performance, many of them based on Flavell s Model of Cognitive Monitoring andas well as Nelsons and Narens model. The present study focused on gaining a better understanding of metacognitive monitoring, which is usually assessed through judgements, which represents one way of measuring metacognition. The aim of the present study was to investigate children s metacognitive monitoring during the execution of three subtests of the BMI (Multidimensional Battery of Child Intelligence), based on the Cattell-Horn-Carroll s model of intelligence. The subtests chosen assessed quantitative knowledge, crystallized intelligence and fluid intelligence. Participants were 44 fifht-year students, and each child was individually evaluated. Following each of the subtests, children were asked to estimate their performance. Results showed that children s repertoire included metacognitive abilities, and some metacognitive monitoring rates were better for quantitative knowledge . When these abilities were compared relative to cognitive performance, those with the highest scores on the intelligence subtests demonstrated better metacognitive monitoring. These results, obtained with Brazilian children, are compared with results reported in the international literature, and the implications in terms of promoting metacognitive training are discussed. / A metacognição pode ser entendida como o conhecimento que o indivíduo possui sobre seu próprio funcionamento cognitivo, o que lhe permite planejar, monitorar, regular e avaliar suas atividades cognitivas. Estudos da área têm sido conduzidos para produzir instrumentos e medidas confiáveis do desempenho metacognitivo dos indivíduos, diversos deles tendo como referencial teórico os modelos formulados por Flavell e Nelson e Narens. Alguns destes instrumentos são escalas de autorrelato. O monitoramento metacognitivo, foco do presente estudo, é avaliado com frequência por meio dos julgamentos, que constituem outra ferramenta de avaliação da metacognição. O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar o monitoramento metacognitivo de crianças durante a realização de três subtestes que compõem a Bateria Multidimensional de Inteligência Infantil: Desempenho em Matemática, Vocabulário Geral e Indução. O referencial teórico desta bateria é o Modelo Cattell-Horn-Carroll de inteligência e os subtestes referidos são destinados à avaliação das capacidades de conhecimento quantitativo, inteligência cristalizada e inteligência fluida, respectivamente. Participaram do estudo 44 alunos do quinto ano do Ensino Fundamental. Eles realizaram, individualmente, os três subtestes da BMI, e foram solicitados a emitir estimativas acerca de seu desempenho; estes julgamentos correspondem ao monitoramento metacognitivo. Os resultados indicaram que a amostra já apresenta habilidades de monitoramento cognitivo, e algumas medidas de monitoramento mostraram-se significativamente melhores para o subteste Desempenho em Matemática. Quando as habilidades de monitoramento foram comparadas de acordo com o desempenho cognitivo dos indivíduos, foram observados melhores índices de monitoramento metacognitivo nos indivíduos com melhor desempenho nos. Os dados são relevantes para confirmar, na população nacional, as informações da literatura internacional, e também para discutir a importância do incentivo e estímulo ao treinamento das habilidades metacognitivas.

SAMMANFATTNING Bakgrund: Det finns omfattande vetenskaplig grund för att pappors delaktighet i deras barns liv främjar hälsa och gynnar en positiv utveckling hos barnen. Studier har även visat att stöd från hälso- och sjukvården främjar pappors delaktighet. Inom barnhälsovården erbjuds bland annat föräldrastöd i grupp och tanken är att män och kvinnor ska vilja medverka i lika stor utsträckning. Pappor deltar dock i mycket lägre grad än mammor. En av utmaningarna för barnhälsovården är därför att finna former för föräldrastöd i grupp som tilltalar alla föräldrar. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva utformningen av föräldrastöd i grupp samt BVC-sjuksköterskornas uppfattningar kring utformningen och pappors deltagande. Metod: Studien genomfördes som en tvärsnittsstudie med ett strukturerat frågeformulär i webbformat som datainsamlingsmetod. Materialet analyserades med icke-parametrisk statistik. Resultat: Resultatet visade att tidpunkten som föräldrastöd i grupp erbjuds på tycks vara av betydelse för pappors deltagande, både vad det gäller tid på dygnet och barnets ålder. Analysen visade på skillnader i BVC-sjuksköterskornas uppfattningar kring pappadeltagandet utifrån vilken typ av vårdcentral de arbetade på samt om de hade fortbildning i genusfrågor. Slutsats: Sociodemografiska faktorer kan ha betydelse för BVC-sjuksköterskornas uppfattningar kring pappors deltagande i föräldrastöd i grupp, men detta behöver undersökas ytterligare. / ABSTRACT Background: There is extensive scientific evidence that fathers' involvement in their children's lives promotes health and positive development in children. Studies have also shown that support from health professionals promote fathers' involvement. Group parental support is offered within the Child health care (CHC) service with the goal that mothers and fathers participate equally. Fathers, however, participate to a much lower extent than mothers. One of the challenges the CHC faces is to design parental support groups that will appeal to all parents. Aim: The aims of this study were to investigate the structure of parental support groups and the CHC nurses' perceptions of the structure and father participation. Method: The study was conducted as a cross-sectional study using a structured questionnaire in web format as data collection method. Data were analyzed with non-parametric statistics. Results: The results found that the time at which parental support groups are offered seems to be crucial for father participation, both with regard to time of the day and age of the child. The analysis showed that there were differences in the CHC nurses' perceptions of father participation based on the type of health center they were working in, and whether or not they had training in gender issues. Conclusion: Socio-demographic factors may be of importance for CHC nurses' perceptions of father participation, but this needs to be investigated further.