O experimento foi realizado para avaliar um sistema de termonebulização com desinfetante para o controle de infecções respiratórias, utilizando como indicadores o ganho de peso diário (GPD) na terminação e as lesões no trato respiratório por ocasião do abate. Foram analisados 1134 animais divididos em três tratamentos de 378: T1, controle, sem termonebulização; T2, termonebulização a cada 48 horas até 30 dias após o alojamento; T3, termonebulização a cada 24 horas até 30 dias após o alojamento. O desinfetante utilizado na termonebulização tinha como princípio ativo um peróxido. Os animais foram pesados na chegada e aos 30, 50 e 110 dias de alojamento. No abate foram avaliadas as lesões de pulmão (através do índice IPP) e de cornetos nasais (através do índice IRA). O GPD durante o período de terminação foi maior (P<0,005) no T2, seguido pelo T1 e T3 (1,025±0,006 Kg, 1,001±0,007 Kg, 0,960±0,004 Kg, respectivamente). Os animais do T1 tiveram menor IPP (P=0,0237) e tenderam a ter menor IRA (P<0,0825), em comparação aos animais do T2 e T3. Não houve correlação entre IRA e o GPD do período avaliado. Observou-se que apenas no grupo T1 houve tendência (P=0,065) de menor GPD nos animais com consolidação pulmonar em comparação aos sem consolidação (1,019±0,009 Kg vs. 0,995±0,008 Kg). Houve tendência (P<0,075) do T1 ter maior número de animais tratados para tosse em comparação aos demais grupos (10,8%, 6,9% e 7,1% para T1, T2 e T3, respectivamente). O GPD foi menor e a ocorrência de lesões de pleurite, abscesso e/ou nódulos foi maior nos animais que foram medicados para tosse nos grupos T1 e T3, mas não no T2. A taxa de mortalidade, número de animais enfermos, número de carcaças desviadas ao Departamento de Inspeção Final (DIF), tipo de lesão no DIF e destino da carcaça não diferiram entre os grupos experimentais (P>0,3586). Apesar de ter apresentado valores de IPP e IRA elevados, os animais submetidos ao sistema de termonebulização a cada 48 horas tiveram GPD significativamente maior na fase de terminação. Além disso, no T2, o sistema demonstrou ser eficiente, pois animais que apresentavam ou não consolidação pulmonar no abate tiveram GPD similares na fase de terminação. / The experiment was performed to assess the efficiency of a system of thermal fogging with disinfectant in order to control respiratory diseases, using as indicators daily weight gain (DWG) in finishing pigs and respiratory slaughter checks of the respiratory tract. 1134 animals were split into three experimental groups of 378: T1 – control, without thermal fogging; T2 – thermal fogging at each 48 hours until 30 days after arrival in the finishing unit; and T3 – thermal fogging each 24 hours until 30 days after arrival. The disinfectant used was base on peroxide. The animals were weighed at arrival and at 30, 50 and 110 days after housing. At slaughter, lung lesions were assessed (establishing a pneumonia index, IPP) and nasal turbinates were examined (establishing a rhinitis index, IRA). DWG during the finishing stage was higher (P<0.005) in T2, followed by T1 and T3 (1.025±0.006 Kg, 1.001±0.007 Kg, 0.960±0.004 Kg, respectively). Animals from T1 presented lower IPP (P=0.0237) and tended to have lower IRA (P<0.0825), when compared to animals of T2 and T3. There was no correlation between IRA and GPD in the experimental period. It was observed that only T1 showed a tendency (P=0.065) of having lower GPD in pigs with lung consolidation when compared to those without consolidation (1.019±0.009 Kg vs. 0.995±0.008 Kg). Animals of T1 showed a tendency (P<0.075) to need more treatments for coughing when compared to T2 and T3 (10.8%, 6.9% and 7.1% to T1, T2 and T3, respectively). DWG was smaller and the occurrence of pleuritis, abscesses and/or nodules was higher in animals that were treated for cough in groups T1 and T3, but not in T2. Mortality rate, number of diseased animals, number of carcasses condemned by the Department of Final Inspection (DIF), and the type of lesion considering the different carcass destination did not differ between experimental groups (P>0.3586). In spite of presenting high IPP and IRA, animals submitted to fogging at every 48 hours had a DWG significantly higher in the finishing phase. Besides, in T2, the system proved to be efficient, as animals with or without lung consolidation presented similar GPD.

This work is intended to evaluate President Obama’s gun control policies by determining whether stricter federal gun control laws should apply within theUnited States. This paper examines whether setting legal standards at a national level would effectively reduce gun related violence and mass shootings on a local and state level. These include events such as Sandy Hook Elementary inNewton,Connecticut, the Virginia Polytechnic school shootings, and theAuroraTheatershooting inDenver,Colorado. Specifically, could executive orders proposed by the president, such as assault weapon bans, rigorous background checks on gun sales, submission of mental health records to the FBI Databases, and increased aid between states and mental health care institutions effectively reduce horrific incidences of gun related violence. Using gun control data from past and present as our research, we will determine whether stricter gun control policies have deterred violent crimes, murder rates, suicides and mass shootings. Since our research focuses on policy solutions as an alternative to reduce mass shootings, not the psychological make ups and environmental factors of mass shooters, we will omit America’s gun culture as a variable within our study: such as the effects violent video games and movies could have on the psyche of troubled individuals. After carefully analyzing gun date related to gun violence and crime, this work will attempt to suggest whether or not President Obama’s gun control policies will pass in Congress and which legislation will be the most effective in limiting gun violence and mass shootings.

No description available.

Since the 1980s, household debt has been increasing rapidly. The high level of household indebtedness has been accompanied by a high household bankruptcy rate. My research attempts to provide a better understanding of the theoretical mechanisms behind these credit market and bankruptcy statistics. One of the purposes of Chapter 7 bankruptcy law is to improve debtors' work incentives by giving them a ``fresh start''. Chapter 13 bankruptcy, on the other hand, prescribes a repayment plan that garnishes future wages from debtors to repay creditors, which acts like a wage tax in standard models. In the first chapter, I ask the question ``How much does a fresh start increase labor supply by improving work incentives?'' Because the bankruptcy decision is endogenous, Chapter 7 filers tend to have less earnings and more debt than average individuals. Estimation of the change in labor supply as a consequence of the bankruptcy treatment must therefore take into account selection effects which is complicated by the interdependence of labor and credit market decisions. To answer my question quantitatively, I construct a dynamic partial equilibrium job search model with both bankruptcy choices which allows direct assessment of counterfactual outcomes. Competitive financial intermediaries offer a menu of loan sizes and interest rates that make zero profits. The model predicts that in the short run, a fresh start on average increases the labor supply of Chapter 7 bankruptcy filers by 3.5% over repayment and 3.4% over Chapter 13 bankruptcy. the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) dictates that adverse events such as a Chapter 7 bankruptcy must be removed from an individual's credit record after ten years. The intent of the law is to provide partial consumption insurance by giving an individual a fresh start. However, the law obviously weakens incentives not to default, which can result in higher interest rates that in turn reduce intertemporal insurance. Because of this tradeoff, it is unclear what is the optimal length of time that an adverse event should be on an individual's credit record. In the second chapter, I assess the welfare consequences of varying the length of time that adverse events can be on one's credit record. We calibrate the model to US data where the exclusion parameter is for ten years. Then I run a counterfactual to find the length that maximizes ex-ante welfare. I find that the optimal length is much lower, specifically 2.5 years, than the current regulation and that the consumption equivalent welfare gain (slightly over 1%) of such a policy change is large. In the third chapter, I explore how such credit checks (information on observable credit market actions) might help with incentives in labor market when there is a monopolistic employer. According to a Survey by the Society for Human Resource Management (2010), 25% of human resource representatives interviewed in 1998 indicated that the companies they worked for ran credit checks on potential employees while the fraction increased to 43% in 2004 and 60% in 2009. Ever since Holmstrom (1979), we've known that wage contracts can be designed to improve incentives for workers. I show by means of example that if the employer can have wage contracts contingent upon the asset choice of employees, the profit may be increased. However, some employees may be worse off. We may then assess the welfare consequences of a law (the Equal Employment for All Act (H.R. 3149)) prohibiting the use of credit information in employment decisions which currently sits before Congress. / text

No description available.

This work is intended to evaluate President Obama’s gun control policies by determining whether stricter federal gun control laws should apply within theUnited States. This paper examines whether setting legal standards at a national level would effectively reduce gun related violence and mass shootings on a local and state level. These include events such as Sandy Hook Elementary inNewton,Connecticut, the Virginia Polytechnic school shootings, and theAuroraTheatershooting inDenver,Colorado. Specifically, could executive orders proposed by the president, such as assault weapon bans, rigorous background checks on gun sales, submission of mental health records to the FBI Databases, and increased aid between states and mental health care institutions effectively reduce horrific incidences of gun related violence. Using gun control data from past and present as our research, we will determine whether stricter gun control policies have deterred violent crimes, murder rates, suicides and mass shootings. Since our research focuses on policy solutions as an alternative to reduce mass shootings, not the psychological make ups and environmental factors of mass shooters, we will omit America’s gun culture as a variable within our study: such as the effects violent video games and movies could have on the psyche of troubled individuals. After carefully analyzing gun date related to gun violence and crime, this work will attempt to suggest whether or not President Obama’s gun control policies will pass in Congress and which legislation will be the most effective in limiting gun violence and mass shootings.

O experimento foi realizado para avaliar um sistema de termonebulização com desinfetante para o controle de infecções respiratórias, utilizando como indicadores o ganho de peso diário (GPD) na terminação e as lesões no trato respiratório por ocasião do abate. Foram analisados 1134 animais divididos em três tratamentos de 378: T1, controle, sem termonebulização; T2, termonebulização a cada 48 horas até 30 dias após o alojamento; T3, termonebulização a cada 24 horas até 30 dias após o alojamento. O desinfetante utilizado na termonebulização tinha como princípio ativo um peróxido. Os animais foram pesados na chegada e aos 30, 50 e 110 dias de alojamento. No abate foram avaliadas as lesões de pulmão (através do índice IPP) e de cornetos nasais (através do índice IRA). O GPD durante o período de terminação foi maior (P<0,005) no T2, seguido pelo T1 e T3 (1,025±0,006 Kg, 1,001±0,007 Kg, 0,960±0,004 Kg, respectivamente). Os animais do T1 tiveram menor IPP (P=0,0237) e tenderam a ter menor IRA (P<0,0825), em comparação aos animais do T2 e T3. Não houve correlação entre IRA e o GPD do período avaliado. Observou-se que apenas no grupo T1 houve tendência (P=0,065) de menor GPD nos animais com consolidação pulmonar em comparação aos sem consolidação (1,019±0,009 Kg vs. 0,995±0,008 Kg). Houve tendência (P<0,075) do T1 ter maior número de animais tratados para tosse em comparação aos demais grupos (10,8%, 6,9% e 7,1% para T1, T2 e T3, respectivamente). O GPD foi menor e a ocorrência de lesões de pleurite, abscesso e/ou nódulos foi maior nos animais que foram medicados para tosse nos grupos T1 e T3, mas não no T2. A taxa de mortalidade, número de animais enfermos, número de carcaças desviadas ao Departamento de Inspeção Final (DIF), tipo de lesão no DIF e destino da carcaça não diferiram entre os grupos experimentais (P>0,3586). Apesar de ter apresentado valores de IPP e IRA elevados, os animais submetidos ao sistema de termonebulização a cada 48 horas tiveram GPD significativamente maior na fase de terminação. Além disso, no T2, o sistema demonstrou ser eficiente, pois animais que apresentavam ou não consolidação pulmonar no abate tiveram GPD similares na fase de terminação. / The experiment was performed to assess the efficiency of a system of thermal fogging with disinfectant in order to control respiratory diseases, using as indicators daily weight gain (DWG) in finishing pigs and respiratory slaughter checks of the respiratory tract. 1134 animals were split into three experimental groups of 378: T1 – control, without thermal fogging; T2 – thermal fogging at each 48 hours until 30 days after arrival in the finishing unit; and T3 – thermal fogging each 24 hours until 30 days after arrival. The disinfectant used was base on peroxide. The animals were weighed at arrival and at 30, 50 and 110 days after housing. At slaughter, lung lesions were assessed (establishing a pneumonia index, IPP) and nasal turbinates were examined (establishing a rhinitis index, IRA). DWG during the finishing stage was higher (P<0.005) in T2, followed by T1 and T3 (1.025±0.006 Kg, 1.001±0.007 Kg, 0.960±0.004 Kg, respectively). Animals from T1 presented lower IPP (P=0.0237) and tended to have lower IRA (P<0.0825), when compared to animals of T2 and T3. There was no correlation between IRA and GPD in the experimental period. It was observed that only T1 showed a tendency (P=0.065) of having lower GPD in pigs with lung consolidation when compared to those without consolidation (1.019±0.009 Kg vs. 0.995±0.008 Kg). Animals of T1 showed a tendency (P<0.075) to need more treatments for coughing when compared to T2 and T3 (10.8%, 6.9% and 7.1% to T1, T2 and T3, respectively). DWG was smaller and the occurrence of pleuritis, abscesses and/or nodules was higher in animals that were treated for cough in groups T1 and T3, but not in T2. Mortality rate, number of diseased animals, number of carcasses condemned by the Department of Final Inspection (DIF), and the type of lesion considering the different carcass destination did not differ between experimental groups (P>0.3586). In spite of presenting high IPP and IRA, animals submitted to fogging at every 48 hours had a DWG significantly higher in the finishing phase. Besides, in T2, the system proved to be efficient, as animals with or without lung consolidation presented similar GPD.

O experimento foi realizado para avaliar um sistema de termonebulização com desinfetante para o controle de infecções respiratórias, utilizando como indicadores o ganho de peso diário (GPD) na terminação e as lesões no trato respiratório por ocasião do abate. Foram analisados 1134 animais divididos em três tratamentos de 378: T1, controle, sem termonebulização; T2, termonebulização a cada 48 horas até 30 dias após o alojamento; T3, termonebulização a cada 24 horas até 30 dias após o alojamento. O desinfetante utilizado na termonebulização tinha como princípio ativo um peróxido. Os animais foram pesados na chegada e aos 30, 50 e 110 dias de alojamento. No abate foram avaliadas as lesões de pulmão (através do índice IPP) e de cornetos nasais (através do índice IRA). O GPD durante o período de terminação foi maior (P<0,005) no T2, seguido pelo T1 e T3 (1,025±0,006 Kg, 1,001±0,007 Kg, 0,960±0,004 Kg, respectivamente). Os animais do T1 tiveram menor IPP (P=0,0237) e tenderam a ter menor IRA (P<0,0825), em comparação aos animais do T2 e T3. Não houve correlação entre IRA e o GPD do período avaliado. Observou-se que apenas no grupo T1 houve tendência (P=0,065) de menor GPD nos animais com consolidação pulmonar em comparação aos sem consolidação (1,019±0,009 Kg vs. 0,995±0,008 Kg). Houve tendência (P<0,075) do T1 ter maior número de animais tratados para tosse em comparação aos demais grupos (10,8%, 6,9% e 7,1% para T1, T2 e T3, respectivamente). O GPD foi menor e a ocorrência de lesões de pleurite, abscesso e/ou nódulos foi maior nos animais que foram medicados para tosse nos grupos T1 e T3, mas não no T2. A taxa de mortalidade, número de animais enfermos, número de carcaças desviadas ao Departamento de Inspeção Final (DIF), tipo de lesão no DIF e destino da carcaça não diferiram entre os grupos experimentais (P>0,3586). Apesar de ter apresentado valores de IPP e IRA elevados, os animais submetidos ao sistema de termonebulização a cada 48 horas tiveram GPD significativamente maior na fase de terminação. Além disso, no T2, o sistema demonstrou ser eficiente, pois animais que apresentavam ou não consolidação pulmonar no abate tiveram GPD similares na fase de terminação. / The experiment was performed to assess the efficiency of a system of thermal fogging with disinfectant in order to control respiratory diseases, using as indicators daily weight gain (DWG) in finishing pigs and respiratory slaughter checks of the respiratory tract. 1134 animals were split into three experimental groups of 378: T1 – control, without thermal fogging; T2 – thermal fogging at each 48 hours until 30 days after arrival in the finishing unit; and T3 – thermal fogging each 24 hours until 30 days after arrival. The disinfectant used was base on peroxide. The animals were weighed at arrival and at 30, 50 and 110 days after housing. At slaughter, lung lesions were assessed (establishing a pneumonia index, IPP) and nasal turbinates were examined (establishing a rhinitis index, IRA). DWG during the finishing stage was higher (P<0.005) in T2, followed by T1 and T3 (1.025±0.006 Kg, 1.001±0.007 Kg, 0.960±0.004 Kg, respectively). Animals from T1 presented lower IPP (P=0.0237) and tended to have lower IRA (P<0.0825), when compared to animals of T2 and T3. There was no correlation between IRA and GPD in the experimental period. It was observed that only T1 showed a tendency (P=0.065) of having lower GPD in pigs with lung consolidation when compared to those without consolidation (1.019±0.009 Kg vs. 0.995±0.008 Kg). Animals of T1 showed a tendency (P<0.075) to need more treatments for coughing when compared to T2 and T3 (10.8%, 6.9% and 7.1% to T1, T2 and T3, respectively). DWG was smaller and the occurrence of pleuritis, abscesses and/or nodules was higher in animals that were treated for cough in groups T1 and T3, but not in T2. Mortality rate, number of diseased animals, number of carcasses condemned by the Department of Final Inspection (DIF), and the type of lesion considering the different carcass destination did not differ between experimental groups (P>0.3586). In spite of presenting high IPP and IRA, animals submitted to fogging at every 48 hours had a DWG significantly higher in the finishing phase. Besides, in T2, the system proved to be efficient, as animals with or without lung consolidation presented similar GPD.

Magister Legum - LLM

This thesis concerns the issue of completness detection of instruction set description for the LLVM compiler, or the ability of a compiler to generate target program for every valid source program in the appropriate high-level programming language. On the basis of regular tree grammar theory and several scietific theses that also concern this issue, formal tool for inclusion checking of two grammars. Furthermore a method for automatic extraction of the two grammars from the instruction set description has been devised, as a result of which the tool can be used for checking completeness of instruction selection. In combination with checking completeness of the legalization process of the LLVM compiler, which preceeds the instruction selection, it should be feaseable to check completeness of most compiler parts dependent on the target architecture.