This study examines online news production through a cross-national comparative ethnography of two newsrooms: The Chicago Tribune in Chicago, Illinois and El Norte in Monterrey, Mexico. The researcher looks specifically at the extent of collaborative group work in the online newsroom. First, the researcher investigates the degree to which online newsrooms operate organizationally as collaborative groups when producing content for the website, as opposed to functioning individualistically when producing content for the website. The second facet examined is the cultural variability (Hofstede, 1980) of collaboration in the two online newsrooms, particularly whether the United States and Mexican online newsrooms support a collectivistic or individualistic and a high-context or low-context culture schema (Hofstede, 1980; Hall 1976). The last facet explored is how the collaborative behavior of the journalists in the two newsrooms supports or interferes with the practice of journalistic principles of verification and comprehensiveness and if this helps to make journalism better. This study found the El Norte newsroom has a collectivistic and high-context communication culture whereas The Chicago Tribune newsroom has an individualistic and low-context communication culture. Both newsrooms support the principles of verification and context in the news that is produced for the Website that helps to make the news accurate and comprehensive. It can be inferred, however, that the collectivistic, high-context communication culture is more supportive of a collaborative work environment that is conducive to making the journalists work together to help make the news accurate and comprehensive for the public. When the news is accurate and comprehensive, the public has better-informed citizens to make decisions in their daily lives as part of a democratic society. This study also has implications for the journalism and business industry as to the benefits of collaborative groupwork on the service or product outcome in an organization. / text

Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar como a primeira experiência pan-americanista (1889-1894) apareceu nas páginas do importante jornal The Chicago Tribune e quais foram as imagens veiculadas sobre as Américas. O diário de Chicago, ligado aos interesses dos empresários e industrialistas do Oeste norte-americano, se posicionou favoravelmente a uma reorientação da política hemisférica, colocada em prática na segunda gestão do Secretário de Estado James Blaine. Para além de sua defesa sobre a ampliação do comércio interamericano, o Tribune se esforçou em construir representações de amizade entre os Estados Unidos e a América Latina, especialmente durante a Exposição Universal de Chicago (1893). O evento de grandes dimensões, que marcou aquele país no final do século XIX, celebrava os quatrocentos anos do Descobrimento das Américas. Aproveitando-se da ideia de um passado comum, o Departamento de Estado promoveu a política do Pan-americanismo, articulando e encorajando as nações latino-americanas a exporem na Feira Mundial. O Chicago Tribune acompanhou, argumentou e defendeu enfaticamente o projeto de união das três Américas. / This research aims to analyze how the first Pan-American experience (1889-1894) appeared in the pages of the leading newspaper The Chicago Tribune, and in what way was the American Hemisphere imagined by it. The newspaper, related to the interests of businessmen and industrialists of the West, positioned itself favorably to the reorientation of the hemispheric policy, which was put in practice in James Blaines second term as Secretary of State. Going beyond its argumentation in improving the Inter-American trade, the Tribune endeavored to depict the United States and Latin America as friends, especially during the Chicago Worlds Fair (1893). The major event, which profoundly affected that country at the end of the nineteenth century, was meant to celebrate the four-hundredth anniversary of the Discovery of the Americas. By exploiting the idea of a common past, the State Department promoted the Pan-Americanism, negotiating and encouraging Latin American countries to prepare exhibits for the World\'s Fair. The Chicago Tribune tracked the news and argued favorably and eloquently for the project of the union of the Three Americas.

Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar como a primeira experiência pan-americanista (1889-1894) apareceu nas páginas do importante jornal The Chicago Tribune e quais foram as imagens veiculadas sobre as Américas. O diário de Chicago, ligado aos interesses dos empresários e industrialistas do Oeste norte-americano, se posicionou favoravelmente a uma reorientação da política hemisférica, colocada em prática na segunda gestão do Secretário de Estado James Blaine. Para além de sua defesa sobre a ampliação do comércio interamericano, o Tribune se esforçou em construir representações de amizade entre os Estados Unidos e a América Latina, especialmente durante a Exposição Universal de Chicago (1893). O evento de grandes dimensões, que marcou aquele país no final do século XIX, celebrava os quatrocentos anos do Descobrimento das Américas. Aproveitando-se da ideia de um passado comum, o Departamento de Estado promoveu a política do Pan-americanismo, articulando e encorajando as nações latino-americanas a exporem na Feira Mundial. O Chicago Tribune acompanhou, argumentou e defendeu enfaticamente o projeto de união das três Américas. / This research aims to analyze how the first Pan-American experience (1889-1894) appeared in the pages of the leading newspaper The Chicago Tribune, and in what way was the American Hemisphere imagined by it. The newspaper, related to the interests of businessmen and industrialists of the West, positioned itself favorably to the reorientation of the hemispheric policy, which was put in practice in James Blaines second term as Secretary of State. Going beyond its argumentation in improving the Inter-American trade, the Tribune endeavored to depict the United States and Latin America as friends, especially during the Chicago Worlds Fair (1893). The major event, which profoundly affected that country at the end of the nineteenth century, was meant to celebrate the four-hundredth anniversary of the Discovery of the Americas. By exploiting the idea of a common past, the State Department promoted the Pan-Americanism, negotiating and encouraging Latin American countries to prepare exhibits for the World\'s Fair. The Chicago Tribune tracked the news and argued favorably and eloquently for the project of the union of the Three Americas.

Thesis (M.A.)--Baylor University, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 71-78).

La concurrence est en voie d’extinction dans l’industrie de la Presse Quotidienne Régionale en France et des grands journaux « metropolitan » des Etats-Unis. La concurrence est un débat économique et sociétal récurrent dès qu’il s’agit de médias. La pluralité des voix est considérée à tort ou à raison comme un des piliers de la démocratie représentative. Elle est protégée par des lois en France et aux Etats-Unis visant à réguler la concentration. Force est de constater que ces textes restent sans efficacité sur le terrain. Les économistes sont partagés quant à l’effet de la concentration sur les affaires. Certains soulignent une baisse du lectorat//audience dans les départements en situation de monopole. La corrélation dominante cause/effet n’a jamais été prouvée, dans la mesure où le déclin de la presse a d’autres raisons. Les partisans de la concentration avancent les avantages financiers de cette situation, principalement des économies d’échelle et la possibilité de fixer les prix hors de la réalité d’un marché concurrentiel. Mais cette époque est révolue. Notre sujet est pourtant pionnier au sens où la concurrence redevient la règle sur le marché de le publicité numérique et également des «informations ». Des starts-up se multiplient aux Etats-Unis défiant les groupes historiques dans une compétition certes encore très asymétrique, La France semble toujours en retard quant à cette émergence d’entrepreneurs régionaux. A travers des études de cas, nous tenterons de prouver que la concurrence marketing et éditoriale a encore un effet dopant sur les ventes « papier » (compétition Ouest-France et Télégramme ou sur Chicago à moindre échelle). / Due to concentration, in the United States and France, competition is about to be eradicated in the local and metropolitan newspaper industry. Some scholars regret the lack of pluralism which is historically the function of the press in a representative democracy. Pluralism is highly regulated by the states, but laws could not prevent concentration. Economists are divided about the impact of concentration regarding business. Some point out that circulation has dropped in newly monopolistic areas. But they do not provide the undoubtedly proof of a correlation between those two facts. Economies of scale and financial benefits (price-fixing) of a monopolistic position may justify concentration on an economic level. Some companies have enjoyed double-digit profit while in a monopolistic position. But this time is over. The emergence of the Internet has generated a highly competitive market regarding advertising and news business. Our topic is thus not lamenting the good old days of competition, but it is pioneering. In the United States, many start-ups, mostly non-profit, challenge the legacy regional and metropolitan newsgroups the same way that already big groups do nationwide, such as Buzzfeed or Quartz or Vox. Entrepreneurs, in a Schumpeterian meaning, strive to replace stagecoach owners and build the railways of the future. The trend is much less clear in the French case.Our research wants to assert that marketing and full editorial competition still boosts circulation and business (Brittany in France) and is an unavoidable rendezvous for the legacy groups in the digital news era because they are forced to abandon the corporate culture of the past.

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This study examines the coverage of serial killers David Berkowitz, Richard Ramirez, and Dennis Lynn Rader in the Chicago Tribune and the Washington Post. The 30-day period following the arrest of each killer was studied using a content analysis to identify whether the coverage focused on crime prevention, as suggested by the public health model. The study also sought to identify whether the themes of coverage changed over time. The content analysis indicated that there was a change in the themes of coverage over time, and that more attention was paid to the history of the case than to crime prevention. / Department of Journalism

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