The purpose of this study was to examine social workers’ perspectives on the risk factors that are associated with cases of removal of infants. A quantitative survey design was utilized, using self-administered questionnaires that were distributed electronically to social workers located in San Bernardino County. The sample consisted of 94 participants, and the majority of the participants were White, non-Hispanic females. The study found that social workers identified substance abuse, the lack of infant’s physical safety in the home along with the age of the infant, and the lack of parents’ readiness to take part of the safety plan as highest risk factors for the removal of infants. Lastly, a surprising finding in this study was that a child’s ethnicity was indicated as a risk factor that increases the possibility of infant removal. It is recommended that social workers continue to receive trainings and other educational opportunities to enhance the social workers’ knowledge, values, and practice skills, to ensure the safety and well-being of all children.

The primary purpose of this study was to examine differences in the attributions teachers make toward students in the child welfare and juvenile justice systems. The study utilized vignettes and asked teachers to attribute the responsibility for declines in behavior and academic performance to one of five sources (the student, the parents, the teacher, the court system, or the student's friends). The study further asked teachers to identify the extent to which the changes were due to the student's internal traits and external factors, the likelihood of changes in behavior and academic performance with and without intervention, the teachers' beliefs about their ability to impact change, the amount of time the teachers reported being willing to spend with the students outside of class, and the likelihood of the student pursuing post-secondary education. Teachers were also asked to identify to whom they would first refer the student in the vignette for outside assistance due to declines in behavior and academic performance and then provide all referrals they would make. A total of 224 certified 6th -12th grade teachers in the state of Iowa completed the vignette survey between January 2014 and April 2014. Results indicated that teachers made different attributions toward students on the basis of their involvement in either the child welfare or juvenile justice system. Specifically, teachers attributed the reason for behavioral and academic declines to different sources for students in the child welfare system, the juvenile justice system, and the control condition. Teachers were more likely to attribute academic and behavioral declines to internal factors for students in the juvenile justice system and external factors for students in the child welfare system. Teachers reported students in the juvenile justice system as least likely to change without intervention. The majority of teachers across the three conditions indicated their first referral would be to mental health services within the school. Teachers did not differ in the total number of referrals made, the amount of time until making the referral, the amount of time they would be willing to spend with the student outside of class time in order to impact change, their feelings of efficacy to impact change, and the likelihood of the student obtaining post-secondary education. Finally, limitations of the study are presented, suggestions for future research are discussed, and the implications of this study for teachers and school psychologists are discussed.

Thesis (Master, Education) -- Queen's University, 2010-12-09 18:03:40.27 / This was a qualitative research study involving Aboriginal offenders at a Federal institution in the Ontario Region. The purpose of this study was to illuminate the Aboriginal offenders perspectives on their experiences that led to their incarceration. The major research questions guiding this study include: 1. What experiences do Aboriginal offenders feel contributed to their incarceration? 2. What do Aboriginal offenders feel could have prevented their incarceration? 3. How do Aboriginal offenders describe their experiences with the Residential School and child welfare systems? 4. What are the Aboriginal offenders' perspectives on their experiences with CSCs healing and intervention programs? One of the goals of this study was to provide information to CSC to improve the reintegration programs and help Aboriginal offenders become law abiding citizens. The data was collected from individual interviews, which was analyzed in detail to develop themes. The analyses sought for stories that captured the depth of the experiences that led to the Aboriginal offenders incarcerations. This study provided the personal perspective of the offenders as to how the Residential School and child welfare system have impacted their lives, and offers some insight into the over-representation of Aboriginal offenders in the prison system. This study also demonstrated how the socio-economic situation of these Aboriginal offenders played a role in their path towards prison. It is important to capture the voices of the Aboriginal offenders experiences towards incarceration. Their stories offer ways to help other Aboriginal people. We must have Aboriginal community members involved in the lives of Aboriginal youth to prevent them from getting into trouble, and find alternative positives outlets and activities. We must instill and provide hope and inspiration so that our youth have something to look forward to in their lives. I know this is happening to varying degrees in our Aboriginal communities; however, we need to keep working towards this goal. In addition, CSC might consider allocating more resources and financial assistance to Aboriginal communities, who are dealing with their people involved within the prison system. / Master

Social welfare is the product of the development of human society. Western countries began to build their own welfare systems in the late 19th century. Child welfare is also their focus. The child welfare system can affect the development trend of a country, and it is also directly related to the physical and psychological development of children, especially the orphans. After the United Nations promulgated the Convention on the Rights and Interests of the Child in 1989, governments of various countries have also actively improved their country's child welfare system under the framework of the CRC. Especially in Western countries, the government has invested a lot of money to solve child poverty, improve child welfare, and create a good growth environment for children in the country. Sweden has institutions dedicated to child welfare and a relatively complete child welfare system. The government has a high proportion of financial support for the entire welfare system.Swedish child welfare covers all stages of a child from birth to completion of 2university. In China, due to the constraints of the national system and national development, the child welfare system started late. Although the government has gradually begun to pay attention to the growth environment and welfare of children in recent years, the development of China's child welfare system is still in its initial stage, mainly for the assistance of orphans and disabled children, and it is also a supplementary welfare stage. This article analyzes the child welfare systems of the two countries through an in-depth comparison of the historical development, administrative structure, content, and capital investment of the child welfare systems in Sweden and China. On the basis of consulting the laws and government regulations on child welfare in the two countries and the welfare-related data collected by the government, the development and current situation of the child welfare systems in Sweden and China are summarized. Through comparison with Sweden, it pointed out the gap between China's child welfare system and Sweden, and put forward reasonable reform suggestions, such as improving the legal system, increasing the government's financial investment, and reforming the establishment of administrative institutions.

No description available.

China’s rapid urbanization and mass migration over the past several decades has resulted in approximately 69 million children being left-behind in the countryside. Many of these children suffer from problems linked to a lack of parental care and emotional support, including physical and psychological abuse, neglect, truancy, and even malnutrition. In 2010, the Chinese Ministry of Civil Affairs and UNICEF piloted a “child welfare director (CWD)” model in Chinese 120 hinterland villages aimed at empowering community members to fill the gaps in child welfare provision and to improve the well-being of disadvantaged children in rural areas. Since 2019 the Chinese government has strived to implement the CWD system across the country. Informed by a theoretical framework that encompasses the concepts of child development, family support, and child welfare models in China and Japan, this study investigates the implementation and further development of the CWD system. A comparative analysis of the Japanese commissioned welfare volunteer and chief child welfare volunteer system is also utilized to explore possible lessons for the Chinese circumstances. The research findings highlight the crucial coordination function of the CWD system in incorporating families, schools, government bureaus, and various social sectors into a synergetic network to connect fragmented child welfare resources and services to support disadvantaged children and families. Analysis of the Japanese approach sheds light on the further development of the CWD system in terms of consolidating the partnership between CWDs and schools, promoting the cooperation between CWDs and social welfare institutions, as well as strengthening the professionalism of CWDs. This research also examines the involvement of civil society in child welfare provision in contemporary China. For program planners and policymakers, this thesis emphasizes the central role of governments at various levels, along with the important though limited contributions of non-government sectors, in providing more financial, human, and training resources to support the implementation of the CWD system to enhance child welfare provision in rural China. A key recommendation arising from this research is to establish a new specially designated government department with responsibility for all relevant child welfare issues. The thesis also speaks to the wider issue of promoting rural revitalization and rural-urban integration to address the specific challenges of left-behind children in the Chinese countryside. / Graduate

Texas Child Protective Services has been struggling with keeping its workers. The turnover rate, which measures the frequency of workers quitting and entering the agency, has been extremely high since the 1980s. In 2012, CPS reported that about one-fourth of its skilled workers are leaving the agency. This puts extra burden on the remaining workers, eventually leading them to resign as well. To fix the turnover issue, the state of Texas initiated a major reform in CPS in 2006. Although the reform succeeded in improving the quality of work environment and other areas, it failed to bring down the turnover rate. To identify why the statewide reform had failed, former caseworkers share their experiences with the agency to reveal what causes the high turnover, the detrimental effects it has on children, and what should be done to reduce the rates. / text

In Canada, almost everybody is familiar with stereotypes about ‘Native social dysfunction’. Canada’s present-day “Imaginary Indian” (Francis) is indeed associated with substance and welfare dependence as well as family violence and neglect. However, the mainstream tends not to wonder about the actual social suffering behind the image and about the causes of these supposed patterns. In Daughters Are Forever, the Sto:lo / Squamish writer and activist Lee Maracle deconstructs these racist clichés by emphasizing the impact of the colonial process on real-life Native populations. Through a Sto:lo social worker’s attempts to understand how colonial policies have affected Aboriginal motherhood, Maracle demonstrates the roots of Indigenous social ills in collective traumas inflicted over several centuries and transmitted intergenerationally. The conclusion of the protagonist, Marilyn, that “[c]olonization is such a personal process” (216) summarizes the ways in which collective trauma and cultural genocide largely condition individual traumas and grief. Her parallel journeys to help an Anishnaabe woman patient, prevent the abductions of Native Canadian children by mainstream welfare services, and mend her own toxic relationship with her daughters further demonstrate the interrelatedness of Indian policy, patriarchal institutions, and personal and familial spiritual illnesses. They also enable Maracle to show the dangerous ethnocentrism of mainstream psychology and the need to create cross-cultural methodologies and therapies appropriate to the diverse Native North American cultures. By depicting the “unresolved human dilemmas” (Preface 11) of Aboriginal characters, she strives to create social change by drawing her readers into her stories to shock them into awareness.

In Canada, almost everybody is familiar with stereotypes about ‘Native social dysfunction’. Canada’s present-day “Imaginary Indian” (Francis) is indeed associated with substance and welfare dependence as well as family violence and neglect. However, the mainstream tends not to wonder about the actual social suffering behind the image and about the causes of these supposed patterns. In Daughters Are Forever, the Sto:lo / Squamish writer and activist Lee Maracle deconstructs these racist clichés by emphasizing the impact of the colonial process on real-life Native populations. Through a Sto:lo social worker’s attempts to understand how colonial policies have affected Aboriginal motherhood, Maracle demonstrates the roots of Indigenous social ills in collective traumas inflicted over several centuries and transmitted intergenerationally. The conclusion of the protagonist, Marilyn, that “[c]olonization is such a personal process” (216) summarizes the ways in which collective trauma and cultural genocide largely condition individual traumas and grief. Her parallel journeys to help an Anishnaabe woman patient, prevent the abductions of Native Canadian children by mainstream welfare services, and mend her own toxic relationship with her daughters further demonstrate the interrelatedness of Indian policy, patriarchal institutions, and personal and familial spiritual illnesses. They also enable Maracle to show the dangerous ethnocentrism of mainstream psychology and the need to create cross-cultural methodologies and therapies appropriate to the diverse Native North American cultures. By depicting the “unresolved human dilemmas” (Preface 11) of Aboriginal characters, she strives to create social change by drawing her readers into her stories to shock them into awareness.

250 000 enfants sont impliqués dans les dispositifs de l'Aide Sociale à l'Enfance ; 135 000 sont placés. Ils devraient présenter des taux élevés de troubles mentaux car la raison principale qui conduit au placement, le dysfonctionnement familial sévère et durable, est aussi un facteur de risque largement reconnu au développement de la plupart des troubles mentaux survenant dans l'enfance. Les rares études d'épidémiologie pédopsychiatrique réalisées auprès de cette population spécifique et repérable dans quelques pays anglo-saxons et germaniques, affirment effectivement des taux dépassant volontiers les 50%. Ces enfants sont paradoxalement peu pris en charge par les dispositifs de pédopsychiatrie, car la place des parents, ici défaillants, y est en général essentielle et l'articulation entre les professionnels des champs socio-éducatif et médico-psychologique est médiocre. Le contact avec les services de pédopsychiatrie se fait volontiers par les urgences en situation de crise comportementale. Après avoir décrit l'histoire de la « protection de l'enfance » et de la pédopsychiatrie, notamment leur construction concomitante et entremêlée à partir du 19ème siècle, nous analysons les points favorisant et défavorisant leur rencontre. Nous envisageons aussi les possibilités et les freins à la recherche scientifique en milieu socio-éducatif. Nous présentons ensuite les résultats de deux études menées auprès d'adolescents placés en foyers du département des Bouches-du-Rhône : une étude de prévalence des troubles mentaux et une étude de leur Qualité de la Vie et des liens de ces valeurs avec les troubles mentaux. / 250 000 children and adolescents are involved in the child welfare system in France. 135 000 are living in « out-of-home care ». These children should have high rates of mental disorders because the severe familial dysfonction which drive them in these social institutions is a wellknown risk factor for the main mental disorders too. Prevalence studies of mental disorders among this very specific population are rares and have been held in anglo-saxon or germanics countries. They show mental disorders rates above 50%. However, their access to regular mental services is weak, because of failing parents and the poverty of the partnerships between social workers and child mental health professionals. These adolescents often meet child psychiatry through emergency during a behavioral crisis. We describe, in a first part, the history of child welfare system and of the child psychiatry, in particular through their co-construction since the 19th century. We analyze the elements influencing their partnerships. We examine too the difficulties to organize scientific research in the field of the child welfare. We presents, then, the results of two studies among adolescents living in residential group homes in the county of Bouches-du-Rhône (France) : a prevalence of mental disorders study and a Quality of Life study including the links between these values and the mental disorders. Results show mental disorders rates five times more frequents than in general population, and much more among girls, with specific psychopathologic profiles and an irregular expression of mental health needs degrading the screening. These data are the first in France.