Using critical feminist theories and methodologies, my research investigates the power relations and influences at play within the field of children's environmental health. I begin with the research question of how a parent's everyday purchase of a toy or other children's product is "hooked into" extra-local governance (agenda-setting, rule-making and monitoring). Focusing on Bisphenol A and phthalates as an example, in-depth interviews were conducted with six government officials (three federal and three municipal), three non-governmental organization (NGO) representatives, a politician, six higher education faculty members and a parent, as well as two focus groups of 23 parents. Legislation and other relevant documents from governments, NGOs, industry and media were analyzed together with reports of their activities and attitudes to theorize "how things work" in the identification and management of toxic substances in products for sale, with a special interest in how this affects children's environmental health. My research revealed the influence of neo-liberalism, corporate power and over-reliance on strictly evidence-based biomedical reductionism in slowing down assessment and regulation of chemicals while many health professionals and grassroots activists have called for swifter responses based on the precautionary principle, as favoured by European governments. That is, politics and bureaucracy, with the approval of industry, over the past two decades, have clung to reductionist science as the only paradigm for understanding toxicity, thus slowing down regulatory processes. Although the historical and epistemological power relations mapped in my research work together to legitimize scientific certainty rather than the precautionary principle, I argue that the resulting regulatory logjam has been and could be addressed by reference to European examples, knowledge produced by collectives and the establishment of upstream and equity-based public health strategies with public input into the process.

Using critical feminist theories and methodologies, my research investigates the power relations and influences at play within the field of children's environmental health. I begin with the research question of how a parent's everyday purchase of a toy or other children's product is "hooked into" extra-local governance (agenda-setting, rule-making and monitoring). Focusing on Bisphenol A and phthalates as an example, in-depth interviews were conducted with six government officials (three federal and three municipal), three non-governmental organization (NGO) representatives, a politician, six higher education faculty members and a parent, as well as two focus groups of 23 parents. Legislation and other relevant documents from governments, NGOs, industry and media were analyzed together with reports of their activities and attitudes to theorize "how things work" in the identification and management of toxic substances in products for sale, with a special interest in how this affects children's environmental health. My research revealed the influence of neo-liberalism, corporate power and over-reliance on strictly evidence-based biomedical reductionism in slowing down assessment and regulation of chemicals while many health professionals and grassroots activists have called for swifter responses based on the precautionary principle, as favoured by European governments. That is, politics and bureaucracy, with the approval of industry, over the past two decades, have clung to reductionist science as the only paradigm for understanding toxicity, thus slowing down regulatory processes. Although the historical and epistemological power relations mapped in my research work together to legitimize scientific certainty rather than the precautionary principle, I argue that the resulting regulatory logjam has been and could be addressed by reference to European examples, knowledge produced by collectives and the establishment of upstream and equity-based public health strategies with public input into the process.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-03, Section: B, page: 1622. Adviser: Stephen H. Linder. Includes bibliographical references.

Adviser: Stephen H. Linder. UMI number 3350227. Includes bibliographical references (p. 130-134).

Thesis (D.P.H.)--University of Michigan.

Dissertation (D.P.H.)--University of Michigan.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of parent training seminars. The intention of this study is to find out if parents' knowledge increased in their understanding of 4 areas of parenting: Discipline, communication between parent-child, communication with teachers and effective parenting style.

No description available.

No description available.

Bakgrund En fjärdedel av barn i Sverige har utländsk bakgrund, de har enligt Barnkonventionen (2020) samma rättigheter som barn till svenskfödda. Primärvården är oftast deras första kontakt med svensk hälso- och sjukvård, vilket ställer krav på sjuksköterskor som bär ansvar i att tillgodose och möjliggöra jämlik vård. Ojämlikheter i vården kan dock uppstå och beror ofta på kommunikationsbarriärer i mötet.  Syfte Syftet var att beskriva primärvårdssjuksköterskors erfarenheter av kommunikationsbarriärer i mötet med barn till utrikesfödda föräldrar. Metod Studien genomfördes med kvalitativ design med induktiv ansats. Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med sjuksköterskor inom primärvården i Västsverige. Intervjuerna analyseradesmed kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat Sjuksköterskor inom primärvården har i möten med barn och deras utrikesfödda föräldrar verktyg för att överbrygga kommunikationsbarriärer, bland annat genom att hantera dialogen med föräldrarna och navigera barriärer som uppstår. Sjuksköterskor kan även identifiera kulturen och finna sätt att kommunicera och utveckla behovet av mer utbildning och beredskap inför dessa möten. På så sätt även bära ansvaret och känslorna i uppdraget mot en mer jämlik vård. Genom arbetet med kommunikationsbarriärer ser sjuksköterskan till att barnets rätt till god hälsoutveckling tillgodoses, och bidrar till att utveckla kunskap om kommunikationsbarriärer och vägen framåt med det hälsofrämjande arbetet. Slutsats Ur olika perspektiv har kommunikationsbarriärer lyfts i tidigare forskning både internationellt som nationellt. Men mer kunskap om lösningar kring kommunikationsbarriärer behövs frånbarnets perspektiv. Forskning behöver riktas mer på hur man kan arbeta kring problemet, inkludera barnet och blicka framåt / Background A quarter of children in Sweden have a foreign background, according to the Convention onthe Rights of the Child (2020) all children own the same rights. Primary care is usually their first contact with Swedish healthcare, which places demands on nurses who are responsible for providing and enabling equal care. However, inequalities often arise due to communication barriers in the meeting. Purpose The purpose was to describe primary care nurses' experiences of communication barriers in the meeting with children of foreign-born parents.  Method The study was conducted with a qualitative design and an inductive approach. Semistructured interviews were conducted with nurses in primary care in western Sweden. The interviews were analyzed with a qualitative content analysis according. Results In caring for children of foreign-born parents, nurses in primary care possess tools for bridging communication barriers. By navigating the dialogue and identifying the culture and finding ways to communicate can enable preparedness for the task. Thus nurses can bear the responsibility and feelings in the mission towards a more equal care for the child. By overbridging communication barriers, nurses are able to cherish for the child's rights and increase knowledge of the phenomenon. Conclusion Communication barriers have been lifted worldwide in previous research. More knowledge concerning solutions for communication barriers is needed from the child's perspective. Research needs to focus more on how to work around the problem with a drive forward.