Background – Every competent person in Ontario has the right to decide whether or not he or she will be admitted to long-term care. If your capacity to make such a decision is in doubt, then it is evaluated. The current evaluation process is inaccessible to people with aphasia or other communication barriers, and social work evaluators report significant problems in communicating with this population. Competent individuals have been found lacking in capacity because of communication barriers. Aims – To create a communicatively accessible capacity evaluation process with training in specialized communication techniques. Also, to test the validity and effectiveness of the Communication Aid to Capacity Evaluation (CACE) to reveal the inherent capacity of participants with aphasia using social work evaluators. Methods – 32 social workers were partnered with 32 competent participants with aphasia. They were randomly divided into an experimental and control group. Both groups administered the current ‘Capacity to Make Admissions Decisions’ questionnaire to establish a baseline measurement of capacity. The social workers in the experimental group were introduced to CACE and received communication training. Following a two-week interval they administered CACE and the control group re-administered the current capacity questionnaire. The 64 capacity evaluations were video recorded and 3 independent speech-language pathologists administered standardized assessment measures on the recordings. Finally, the participants completed surveys measuring confidence and communication abilities. Outcomes - Using the current capacity questionnaire, one social worker found a competent participant lacking in capacity and one third of social workers were unable to determine capacity. Following the introduction of CACE with communication training, analyses of the standardized measures and survey results showed a statistically significant difference between the participants in the experimental group and the control group. The social workers in the experimental group had significantly better communication skills, (‘Revealing Competence’ f (2, 29) = 12.03, p = 0.002), the participants with aphasia’ abilities to ‘Transfer Information’ increased, (f (2, 29) = 10.51, p < 0.003), and the evaluators’ confidence in their determinations of capacity improved (f (2, 29) = 13.511, p = .001). The use of CACE with communication training resulted in accurate determinations of capacity in competent participants with aphasia. Conclusions - CACE was an effective tool to evaluate the capacity to make a decision regarding admission to long-term care. It was communicatively accessible for this research population with aphasia, enhancing comprehension of the capacity process and enabling the person to communicate a response. Improved communication skills, transfer of information and confidence allowed the evaluators to accurately determine capacity.

Background – Every competent person in Ontario has the right to decide whether or not he or she will be admitted to long-term care. If your capacity to make such a decision is in doubt, then it is evaluated. The current evaluation process is inaccessible to people with aphasia or other communication barriers, and social work evaluators report significant problems in communicating with this population. Competent individuals have been found lacking in capacity because of communication barriers. Aims – To create a communicatively accessible capacity evaluation process with training in specialized communication techniques. Also, to test the validity and effectiveness of the Communication Aid to Capacity Evaluation (CACE) to reveal the inherent capacity of participants with aphasia using social work evaluators. Methods – 32 social workers were partnered with 32 competent participants with aphasia. They were randomly divided into an experimental and control group. Both groups administered the current ‘Capacity to Make Admissions Decisions’ questionnaire to establish a baseline measurement of capacity. The social workers in the experimental group were introduced to CACE and received communication training. Following a two-week interval they administered CACE and the control group re-administered the current capacity questionnaire. The 64 capacity evaluations were video recorded and 3 independent speech-language pathologists administered standardized assessment measures on the recordings. Finally, the participants completed surveys measuring confidence and communication abilities. Outcomes - Using the current capacity questionnaire, one social worker found a competent participant lacking in capacity and one third of social workers were unable to determine capacity. Following the introduction of CACE with communication training, analyses of the standardized measures and survey results showed a statistically significant difference between the participants in the experimental group and the control group. The social workers in the experimental group had significantly better communication skills, (‘Revealing Competence’ f (2, 29) = 12.03, p = 0.002), the participants with aphasia’ abilities to ‘Transfer Information’ increased, (f (2, 29) = 10.51, p < 0.003), and the evaluators’ confidence in their determinations of capacity improved (f (2, 29) = 13.511, p = .001). The use of CACE with communication training resulted in accurate determinations of capacity in competent participants with aphasia. Conclusions - CACE was an effective tool to evaluate the capacity to make a decision regarding admission to long-term care. It was communicatively accessible for this research population with aphasia, enhancing comprehension of the capacity process and enabling the person to communicate a response. Improved communication skills, transfer of information and confidence allowed the evaluators to accurately determine capacity.

Bakgrund: Immigrationen till Sverige har under de senaste åren ökat. Detta har medfört att antalet individer som har svårigheter att förstå och tala det svenska språket har ökat inom vården. Kommunikation är en förutsättning för att kunna uppnå god vård vilket ställer krav på att sjuksköterskor måste kunna bemöta och hantera de eventuella språkbarriärer som kan uppstå. För att underlätta kommunikationen när patient och vårdpersonal inte talar samma språk kan anhöriga eller professionell tolk tas till hjälp. Syftet: Syftet är att beskriva hur språkbarriärer och hanteringen av språkbarriärer upplevs av de människor i vården som berörs av språkbarriärer. Metod: Studien är en litteraturstudie baserad på tio kvalitativa vetenskapliga artiklar som beskriver upplevelser av språkbarriärer i vården. Resultat: Resultatet visar att språkbarriärer kan försvåra vårdpersonalens förutsättningar att ge god vård samt påverka vårdrelationen. Språkbarriärer påverkar även tidvis patientens möjlighet till delaktighet i vården. I flertal studier uppgav vårdpersonalen en oro över att inte förstå patienten och att patienten inte förstår den information som ges. Professionell tolk lyftes fram som en viktig länk för att säkra en god kommunikation mellan vårdare och patient. Då det inte alltid är praktiskt möjligt att använda professionell tolk var det även vanligt förekommande att använda anhöriga som tolkar. Resultatet visar att patienter och anhöriga inte alltid hade samma syn på delaktighet som vårdpersonalen, vilket kunde medföra svårigheter i kommunikationen. Vårdpersonalen ansåg att patienten hade rätt till delaktighet samt att vara informerad om diagnos och behandling i vården. Anhöriga kunde ibland undvika att översätta dåliga besked för patienten då de ville skona patienten från dessa. Dessa skilda åsikter kunde skapa frustration hos båda parter. Slutsats: Kommunikation är en viktig del i det vårdande arbetet. Att ge vård samt att ta emot vård då patient och vårdpersonal inte talar samma språk kan skapa oro och påverka vården negativt. En professionell tolk kan underlätta kommunikationen samt möjliggöra att en vård relation kan skapas. Kommunikation är även en viktig del för att patienten skall kunna ges möjlighet till delaktighet i vården. Anhöriga kan underlätta kommunikationen mellan vårdpersonal och patient men främjar inte alltid patientens delaktighet och autonomi. Det är viktigt med kunskap om vårdpersonal samt patienters upplevelser av kommunikation för att undvika onödigt lidande och för att öka förståelsen för tolkens betydelse för vårdandet.

The Limited English Proficiency (LEP) population in the United States requires interpreters in order to receive appropriate medical care. However, interpreters are not used consistently in clinical encounters. This study aims to identify the barriers that interfere with providing this service, as well as to propose some possible ways of overcoming these barriers. A systematic review of the literature was conducted using Medline, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and PsycINFO. Twenty articles that presented barriers to interpreter use were identified. These barriers referred to either professional interpreters or ad hoc interpreters, or were general barriers. The barriers to professional interpreter use most frequently identified related to cost. Most of the cost-related barrier citations were found in studies conducted in the U.S. The barriers to ad hoc interpreter use most frequently identified related to concern about the interpreters ability to interpret. I determined that appropriate provision of interpreters to the LEP community would require four elements: 1) The consistent use of professional interpreters, and the elimination of ad hoc interpreter use. 2) Research into the possible financial benefits that may arise from increased interpreter use, and how the cost of providing interpreters may be offset by the widespread benefits of using them. 3) Professionalization of interpreter services, with quality assurance and standardized training and evaluation of interpreters. 4) Increased education and training for patients and providers about the language services that are available and how to access them, and about how to work with an interpreter efficiently and effectively. One possible solution that would allow the implementation of all of the above elements is a national interpretation service.

Lic.avh. Luleå : Luleå tekniska univ., 2009. / Härtill 2 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2004. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Thesis (MTech (Business Administration in Project Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2020 / This study aims to establish the essence of communication as a tool for effective project execution at selected construction sites in Cape Town, South Africa. There is increasing evidence that communication practices can play a significant role in accomplishing high quality construction projects. Communication has been precisely singled out as a foremost construction project management practice that can have an effect on successful project execution. Failure to convey the proper messages results in projects delay or project failure as the employees or subordinates will not be given the right instructions on what to do. Most companies that are involved in construction projects around Cape Town are failing to complete their projects in the given time, budget and scope due to poor communication. The general objective of the study was to determine if effective communication could lead to the success of construction projects in Cape Town. The study implemented descriptive and association research designs while the study population was drawn from construction a large company within the vicinity of Cape Town. The study used simple random sampling technique while the sample size was 80 employees and 10 managers. The study used questionnaires to collect data while. An excel data analysis tool was used to analyze quantitative data while data was presented using geometric techniques such as tables, bar-graphs and pie charts. The results of the study exposed that the relationship between construction project success and effective communication was significant. The study recommended that construction project companies should have strong and effective communication techniques.

Bakgrund: Utifrån ett sjuksköterskeperspektiv är kommunikation, och därigenom skapande av förståelse och mening, en grundläggande del av omvårdnadsarbetet. Att som sjuksköterska utveckla en positiv sjuksköterska-patientrelation är av fundamental vikt för säkerställandet av god omvårdnad. Effektiv kommunikation leder till högre patienttillfredsställelse, högre patientdelaktighet och förbättrade hälsoresultat.  Kommunikationen mellan sjuksköterska och patient kan påverkas negativt av kommunikationsbarriärer. Sjuksköterskans roll är att minimera de negativa konsekvenserna av existerande kommunikationsbarriärer genom att använda de metoder som ger bäst förutsättningar för god kommunikation i den givna situationen. Det finns ett behov att identifiera vilka barriärer för kommunikation som sjuksköterskor upplever samt hur sjuksköterskor kan övervinna dessa problem.  Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka hur sjuksköterskan upplever kommunikationen mellan patient och sjuksköterska då det föreligger kommunikationsbarriärer samt vilka åtgärder för att överbrygga kommunikationsbarriärer sjuksköterskan har erfarenhet av. Metod: Litteraturstudie med deskriptiv design. Litteratursökningen innefattade databaserna Pubmed, Psycinfo och CINAHL. Resultatet baserades på tio originalartiklar med kvalitativ ansats som var publicerade mellan 2012 till 2019.  Resultat: Under resultatanalysen identifierades två teman: Kommunikationsbarriärer samt Åtgärder och/eller metoder att överbrygga kommunikationsbarriärer. Inom varje tema identifierades kategorier och/eller underkategorier. Tolv kategorier av kommunikationsbarriärer har identifierats och sjuksköterskans upplevelse av dessa har beskrivits. Fem olika strategier och metoder som etableras av sjuksköterskorna har identifierats, att spendera tid på kommunikation, att använda tolk, att kommunicera via närstående, kunskap och utveckling samt kommunikativa strategier.  Slutsats: Studien förser sjuksköterskan med kunskap om kommunikationsbarriärer och redskap för att motverka ineffektiv kommunikation. Samtidigt rekommenderas vidare forskning för att stärka klinisk omvårdnad. / Background: From a nursing perspective communication is an integral part of nursing. Nurses need to establish a positive nurse-patient relationship to ensure good nursing practice. Effective communication leads to higher patient satisfaction, higher patient participation and a better health outcome.  The communication between nurse and patient can be negatively impacted by communications barriers. The nurse’s role is to minimize the negative consequences of existing communication barriers by using methods best adapted for the specific situation. There is a need to identify the barriers for effective communication that nurses experience and methods to overcome these communication barriers.  Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate how nurses experience the communication between patients and nurses while communication barriers exist as well as to investigate how nurses experience efforts to overcome communication barriers.  Method: Literature review with a descriptive design. The literature search encompassed three databases: Pubmed, Psycinfo and CINAHL. The results were based on ten original articles using a qualitative approach, published between 2012 and 2019.  Results: During the data analysis two themes were identified: Communication barriers and Measures and methods to overcome communication barriers. These two subject categories were subsequently divided into categories and/or sub-categories. This study has identified twelve communication barriers faced by nurses in their daily work and the nurse’s perceptions in this context. Five different categories relating to strategies and methods to overcome communication barriers, as perceived by the nurses, were identified.  Conclusion: This study provides knowledge and tools for nurses to counteract ineffective communication. Further research is recommended to further strengthen clinical practice.

BACKGROUND: Professional interpreters improve care for limited English proficient patients but are underused. Study Design: Mixed methods study evaluating effectiveness and implementation of a rooming protocol to screen patients for language needs and call interpreters OBJECTIVE: Examine barriers and facilitators to protocol implementation and effectiveness to increase interpreter use METHODS: Provider surveys explored baseline and post-implementation attitudes. Simple and multiple logistic regression analyses examined the impact of practicing in the pilot clinics versus comparison clinics on post-implementation responses. Medical Assistants and providers were interviewed regarding barriers and facilitators to implementation. Interview analysis used modified grounded theory. Trends in the number of telephone interpreter calls were examined to determine protocol effectiveness. RESULTS: Context themes included having established teams and workflows; transitioning to a new interpreter vendor; and challenges incorporating the workflow, including providers’ tardiness and clinic understaffing. Evidence themes included beliefs that the protocol improved the patient experience but otherwise mixed responses; preferring live interpreters; and limited buy-in to language screening. Facilitation themes included Medical Assistants needing more support. Providers in the pilot clinics versus comparison clinics had significantly higher odds of positive responses on post-implementation survey questions regarding satisfaction with care (OR 5.3) and communication (OR 6.7). Implementation did not increase the number of telephone interpreter calls in the pilot clinics. CONCLUSION: Ineffectiveness of the protocol was likely due to inconsistent implementation. The protocol may improve patient care but context limited implementation success. The limited buy-in to language screening raises questions about how to better identify patient language needs. / 2019-11-08T00:00:00Z

Farmaceutens roll har utvecklats med tiden numera har apotekspersonalen en mer aktiv roll i läkemedelsdialog med patienten. En god kommunikation mellan farmaceuter och patienter spelar en viktig roll för förbättring av läkemedelsanvändning, minskning av osäkerhet samt oro hos patienterna. Men inom interpersonell kommunikation förekommer det olika barriärer som kan påverka effekten av kommunikationen. Den största barriären som möter invandrare är språkbarriären. För att uppnå det bästa resultatet för patientens hälsa är det viktigt att det finns olika resurser som kan hjälpa farmaceuter med att övervinna barriärer på apoteket. Syfte: Syftet med detta examensarbete var att studera  kommunikationen mellan farmaceuten och patienten på apoteket och hur språkbarriären påverkar den, samt att undersöka de tillgängliga resurserna för att kunna övervinna språkbarriärerna. Metod: Insamling av data från olika studier gjordes genom sökning i pubmed, OneSearch och Oxford Academic. Resultat: Resultaten för samtliga studier visade att många farmaceuter bemöter svårigheter vid kommunikation med patienter som har ett annat språk. Dessutom visade studierna att anställa tvåspråkig personal var mest användbart kommunikationshjälpmedel. Slutsatser: Många apotek försöker använda olika resurser för att förhindra problem som kan uppstå på grund av brist i kommunikationen.