This thesis offers an account of children's lived experiences in Rwanda (1930s-2016) in four key domains: kinship, education, economic transitions, and marriage. Based on historical and ethnographic fieldwork in rural and urban Rwanda from 2012 to 2014, this work explores how three generations of young people have experienced and navigated childhood and coming of age at the interface of 'traditional' and 'modern' institutional systems. Rather than focusing narrowly on 'crisis' childhoods, individual agency, or exogenous forces, as studies of young Africans and social change tend to, this work examines young people's 'everyday' actions - intentional and unintentional, individual and collective, compliant and non-compliant - and locates them within their broader historical, relational, and institutional environment. By focusing on the intensely reproductive period of childhood and coming of age, on Rwanda's unexceptional majority rather than its exceptionally vulnerable minority, and on children's everyday actions rather than the strategic actions of elites, this thesis shows us how children shape the institutions of childhood and marriage and, in so doing, influence how society is reproduced and changed. Theoretically, this thesis explains how children and their institutional environment are mutually constituting: it examines how and why young people experience rapid change and structural violence differently and it traces how they reproduce and change these structural conditions as they engage with institutional mechanisms in (un)intended ways. The research reveals that children in central Rwanda navigate constraints and opportunities by drawing on established kinship relationships and institutions while also opportunistically engaging with modern institutions and their actors. However, in this context of 'institutional multiplicity', traditional and modern institutional systems each need Rwanda's young majority to reproduce their institutions over others', and as intended, to achieve their power-distributional goals. This makes children's actions particularly consequential and demands that we redefine what political action - and political actors - look like.

Children who grow up in dysfunctional families where they do not have required educational care and model are nowadays focused as frequented. The number of reasons why is a child on the edge of parents´ interests is increasing. Those children are exposed to risky factors much more than the others, because they lack of protection and an educational model. Society´s reaction to this situation is building Low Threshold Institutions which offer ambulatory or filed services to children or youngsters who are endangered by social exclusion. In a theoretical part, there is a comprehensive introduction of issues connected with these building Low Threshold Institutions for children and youngsters (NZDM further). These issues are clearly arranged into chapters which represent legislative fixing of NZDM, its rules and standards. A history of NZDM which has been developed in the Czech Republic dynamically since the 90s to a present form is a part of another chapter. Principles of NZDM, inner rules of provided services, employees and their personal dispositions, education and ethical norms are also describes, as well as services and activities of NZDM which are mainly of advisory and preventive character. The last chapter deals with a target group, which is affected by inner factors primarily developmental psychology of potential clients and outer factors which are socialization ones. A research is based on a qualitative approach where a point of view of the target group on NZDM Srdíčko Jiloro was found out with the aid of data fixing. Another points of interest was employees´ point of view, their professional perception of provided services. Last but not least, subjective view of NZDM from some clients´ parents was put into the research, too. The first aim of the thesis was to find out whether and which relevance the services of NZDM Srdíčko Jiloro have got for the clients. The second one was to identify how the work with clients is going on (e.g. contact work, work with educational situations, motivational dialogues and work with drug themes). Under the terms of an empirical thesis part are introduced data which were gathered into following results NZDM Srdíčko Jiloro has got its own irreplaceable role in the area of Okružní, but the clients are not aware of the fact that NZDM has got any influence on them. They do not use any other alternatives for spending their free time. There are 40 clients and only 2 social workers every day. Clients do not talk about their problems, they say they do not need help. Advantages are that social workers learn with them, help them with their homework, etc. They are also aware of using of leisure time activities and workshops. Social workers and information in files and records of services and activities prove that clients have got problems. These are mostly very grave and that is another reason why Okružní has got its important role. Social workers provide especially consulting, information and situational service, preventive and educational programmes, work with close relatives, etc. Professionals in NZDM and Rehabilitation and Activation Service Sasanka work with whole families and they try to offer complex support and help. Social workers guide clients through their childhood and maturing, they are becoming their guides and mentors, they lead them to positive changes and have got mainly socialization and educative effect. Work with the clients in Okružní is more hectic than in other NZDMs. I think it is primarily because the social workers want to offer services to a maximal number of clients but with the lack of employees and time. Leisure time activities are going on in an ordinary way, but work with children and youngsters in a social unacceptable area needs specific professional and human attitudes and approaches. Because of poor personal sources are social workers forced to a negative trend provide services rather in a quantitative than in a qualitative way.

The task of this diploma thesis is to describe and summerize the ethical dilemmas that occur in the work of social workers in low-threshold facilities for children and youth. The aim of this work is to formulate individual ethical dilemmas faced by social workers in social work with risky youth in low-threshold facilities for children and youth, and then to perform subsequently the analysis of one selected ethical dilemma using three ethical theories. The basis for collecting information was a qualitative research - the research probe, specifically, the method of questioning, the technique of the semi-structured interview with social workers. The diploma thesis is divided into five chapters in which I describe the formation and development of low-threshold facilities, the clients of these facilities and the aspects influencing their risk. Other chapters are devoted to ethics and ethical dilemmas in general. In conclusion of the thesis, the analysis of the specific ethical dilemma from the practice of the interviewed social workers is carried out, using three ethical theories deontology, utilitarianism and ethics of care. This is the case when ethics and social work link and point out the possibility of using ethical theories in professional practice.

The thesis called Children and Youth Olympics: Analysis of time series of first-grade pupils' sports performance deals with the importance of physical activities of junior pupils attending elementary schools. The aim of this thesis is to describe the current status of children's physical capability as it is reported in professional literature. The data found there are compared with the children's physical ability performance measured in the case of the first-grade pupils at elementary schools. The thesis is focused on describing the Czech Olympic Committee project which is called Children and Youth Olympics. A unique sports event is derived from it - Velké Opatovice First- Grade Children Olympics. The text deals with the importance of sports, physical and olympic education and their integration in the Framework Education Program for the Basic Education. The research part of the thesis contains the analysis of the youngest pupils' sports performance. It introduces the data gathered from the First-grade Children Olympics result lists. They are in the form of the sports results linear trends from the period 2000 - 2017. The events in question are 50 and 400 metres run, cricket ball throw and long jump from the site. The research results have shown the improvement in running. It means in the speed and...

Title of thesis: Coaching activity in the volleyball training process for the young players category Aim of thesis: The aim of thesis is to find out, describe and evaluate volleyball coaching activity in the training process and during the match at young players category Method: To fulfill the research objectives, I used the method of interrogation using non-standardized questionnaire with closed, semi-opened and opened questions. The obtained data from the questionnaire were analyzed by the sum of the number of probands and their answers. The results were processed by conventional statistical methods, expressed in words, tables and graphs. Results: The results of the thesis showed both the opinions of the coaches, but above all their coaching practices or methods, which they apply during training process. In some cases it is difficult to determine whether the procerures are correct or not, but there are cases whet i tis obvious. We partially touched the problem of early specialization in young players category. Keywords: Volleyball Training of children and youth in volleyball Specialization of player's functions Coach's activities and character Player's character

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The thesis deals with comparison of use of free-time activities offered by non-governmental non-for-profit organizations (NNO) in České Budějovice with activities offered by basic schools (ZŠ), as one of possibilities to support integration of Roma children in the educational process. The theoretical part presents the issue of integration in general and also in respect to the target group of Roma people and Roma children attending regular basic schools. The thesis also briefly summarizes the problems of the Roma minority and their impacts on life in the society. The last chapter of the theoretical part is dedicated to NNOs in České Budějovice in respect to Roma children and their integration at school and also the content free-time activities organized by those organizations and their impacts on integration of Roma children at basic schools. The practical part of the thesis used a research investigation with qualitative strategy, performed by means semi-structured interviews. The objective of the thesis was to determine the level of utilization of free-time activities offered to the target group of Roma children by NNOs as one of the opportunities to support their integration, while the activities are intermediated not only by the basic schools but also by NNOs that focus on the mentioned target group.

Submitted by Michelle Barbosa (michelle.fonseca@ufcg.edu.br) on 2017-12-27T18:33:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ESDRAS DO NASCIMENTO RIBEIRO - DISSERTAÇÃO PROLETRAS - 2016.pdf: 1132304 bytes, checksum: 587ca10df2d5390d94a19f1850ba995f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-27T18:33:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ESDRAS DO NASCIMENTO RIBEIRO - DISSERTAÇÃO PROLETRAS - 2016.pdf: 1132304 bytes, checksum: 587ca10df2d5390d94a19f1850ba995f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / Capes / O presente estudo detém-se a discutir o ensino de literatura infanto-juvenil a partir da perspectiva do letramento literário, no intuito de contribui para a elaboração e/ou reformulação de práticas pedagógicas que corroborem com a formação do leitor literário. O ensino de literatura contribui profundamente para a formação integral do sujeito. Portanto, pensar em atividades de leitura literária elaboradas a partir da perspectiva do letramento literário, auxiliará na formação social e cognitiva desse indivíduo, implicando diretamente no desenvolvimento de habilidades de argumentação crítica, fazendo-o se reconhecer e compreender o mundo a sua volta. Dessa forma, o letramento literário compreende práticas de leitura literária, as quais exercem uma função social e colaboram para a formação de um leitor literário independente. A pesquisa realizada nesta dissertação teve como público alvo de investigação os alunos do 7° ano do ensino fundamental, bem como seus respectivos professores de Língua portuguesa, integrantes da Escola de Ensino Fundamental e Médio Polivalente Governador Adauto Bezerra, localizada na cidade Crato – Ceará. O estudo apresenta, ainda, como objetivo, o intuito de compreender quais são os motivos que levam os alunos do 7° ano do ensino fundamental a apresentarem uma resistência a uma experiência leitora com o texto literário. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa caracteriza-se como um estudo de caso, de caráter descritivo, pautada nos princípios qualitativos e quantitativos. A título de embasamento teórico do estudo foram realizadas leituras acerca de temáticas relativas à leitura, ao letramento e ao ensino de literatura, desenvolvidos pelos seguintes autores: Aguiar (1979; 1988; 2011), Bamberger (1977), Bakhtin (1992; 2002), Cereja (2005), Coelho (2010), Colomer (2007), Cosson (2014), Kleiman (1993; 1995; 2004), Lajolo (1982; 1988; 2000; 2009); Soares (1999; 2000; 2006); Street (2014); Zilberman (2008), dentre outros. Ao final da discussão, apresentamos uma proposta de trabalho com a leitura literária a partir da perspectiva do letramento literário. Tal proposta se configura em uma oficina de leitura a partir da utilização dos contos dos irmãos Grimm, encontrados na obra de sua autoria, o clássico alemão da Literatura InfantoJuvenil universal, “Kinder und Hausmärch” (Contos maravilhosos infantis e domésticos). Por fim, concluímos que o ensino de literatura sob a perspectiva do letramento literário contribui significativamente para a formação do leitor literário e que a aparente resistência à leitura da literatura apresentada pelos alunos do 7° ano, suscitada neste estudo, é na verdade uma recusa às atividades de leitura sem sentido, desmotivadoras, que na maioria das situações partem do uso do livro didático, apresentando-se pouco atrativas para despertar o interesse dos alunos pela leitura. / This study has to discuss children's literature teaching from the perspective of literary literacy, in order to contribute to the development and / or reformulation of pedagogical practices in support of the formation of the literary reader. The teaching of literature deeply contributes to the integral formation of the subject. So think of literary reading activities designed from the perspective of literary literacy, assist in the social and cognitive training of this individual, implying directly in the development of critical reasoning skills, making him recognize and understand the world around them. Thus, the literary literacy comprises literary reading practices, which perform a social function and collaborate for the formation of an independent literary reader. The research in this thesis was to research the target audience the students of the 7th grade of elementary school, as well as their portuguese language teachers, members of the Escola de Ensino Fundamental e Médio Polivalente Governador Adauto Bezerra, located in Crato city - Ceará. The study also presents the objective, in order to understand what are the reasons that lead students of the 7th grade of elementary school to present a resistance to a reader experience with the literary text. In this sense, the research is characterized as a case study, descriptive, based on qualitative and quantitative. As a theoretical basis of the study were performed readings about topics related to reading, literacy and literature teaching, developed by the following authors: Aguiar (1979; 1988; 2011), Bamberger (1977), Bakhtin (1992; 2002), Cereja (2005), Coelho (2010), Colomer (2007), Cosson (2014), Kleiman (1993; 1995; 2004), Lajolo (1982; 1988; 2000; 2009); Soares (1999; 2000; 2006); Street (2014); Zilberman (2008), among others. At the end of the discussion, we present a proposal to work with literary reading from the perspective of literary literacy. This proposal is set in a reading workshop from the use of the tales of the Brothers Grimm, found in the work of his own, the German Classic Literature Children and Youth universal, "Kinder und Hausmärch" (Children's and Household Tales wonderful). Finally, we conclude that the teaching of literature from the perspective of literary literacy contributes significantly to the formation of the literary reader and the apparent resistance reading of the literature presented by the students of the 7th year, raised in this study, it is actually a refusal to reading meaningless activities, demotivating, which in most situations depart from the use of textbooks, appearing unattractive to arouse student’s.

Esta tese focaliza a formação do campo literário direcionado a crianças e jovens, em Mato Grosso e perfaz o surgimento de um cânone contemporâneo. Para isso, adotamos os estudos teóricos de Bordieu (1996, 2012) e Candido (2000). As implicações do postulado teórico desses críticos foram valiosas, a partir do momento que nos permitiu perceber a posição do autor literário e avaliar o valor e a pertinência de suas obras em determinadas configurações sociais. Primeiramente, apresentamos um estudo sobre a História da Literatura infanto-juvenil mato-grossense, a partir dos primeiros textos literários direcionados a esse público, publicados em periódicos como A Juventude (1916 a 1917), ou em jornais escolares como O Pequeno Mensageiro (1920) e O Liceu (1930), os quais foram responsáveis por ações e pela representação da criança dentro desse universo da escrita. Além disso, foram mapeadas mais de 70 obras infanto-juvenis para se chegar a um primeiro quadro de 26 (vinte e seis) publicadas por editoras em Mato Grosso. Levamos também em conta as obras de autores que publicaram fora do Estado como Antônio de Pádua e Silva e Aclyse de Mattos. Análises mais profundas foram feitas a partir do que consideramos marcos da produção local, a saber: Dunga Rodrigues, Uma aventura em Mato Grosso (1984); Maria da Graça Campos, As meninas e o sabiá (1987), primeiras obras da literatura infanto-juvenil mato-grossense após a divisão do Estado, e Lucinda Persona, A cidade sem Sol (2000) e Ivens Scaff, Uma maneira simples de voar (2006), representativos da produção contemporânea. Foram verificadas as tendências estéticas, os temas, as formas e os recursos visuais que moldaram essas obras, assim como a incidência dos níveis estéticos e utilitários. Suporte teórico fundamental, neste último capítulo, são os estudos de Mendes (1994), necessários para detectar os nossos parâmetros de análise. A conjunção da História e da Crítica literária, embasada nas análises de obras direcionadas ao público infanto-juvenil, é a força motriz deste estudo / This thesis is concerned with the formation of the literary field directly to children and young in Mato Grosso and, make up the beginning of a contemporary canon. With this view, we adopt the theoretical studies of Bordieu (1996, 2012) and Candido (2000). The implications of the theoretical postulate of these scientists were valuable which allowed us to recognize the position of literary author and estimate the value and relevance of their works in certain social settings. Foremost, we present a study about the History of Mato-grossense childrens Literature, from the first literary texts directed to this audience, published by periodic like A Juventude (1916 to 1917) or in school newspaper like O Pequeno Mensageiro (1920) and O Liceu (1930), they were responsible for actions and for the representation of the child within this writing universe. Furthermore, were mapped more than 70 children and youth works to achieve to the first chart with 26 (twenty-six) printed by publishers in Mato Grosso. We also consider the works that their authors have published in other place out of state like Antônio de Pádua e Silva and Aclyse de Mattos. Deeper analysis were made from what we consider mark of the local production, videlicet: Dunga Rodrigues, Uma aventura em Mato Grosso (1984); Maria da Graça Campos, As meninas e o sabiá (1987), first works of the mato-grossense childrens literature after the separation of the State and Lucinda Persona, A cidade sem sol (2000) and Ivens Scaff, Uma maneira simples de voar (2006), typical of contemporary production. The aesthetics trends, themes, forms and the visual features which shaped these works were verified, so well as the incidence of aesthetics levels and utilities in these productions. Fundamental theoretical support. In the last chapter, there are the studies of Mendes (1994), required to detect our analysis parameters. The conjunction of the History and the Book review, grounded in the analysis of works directed to children and youth, is the driving force of this study

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T13:24:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1083374 bytes, checksum: 0af4145e55ef61a65c31e61f61073f1e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-07-02 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This dissertation entitled: The Social and Educational Inclusion of Children and Young People with Visual Impairment and participation of the NGO Institute of the Blind of Paraiba, this is a survey developed in the Graduate Programs in Social Work at the Federal University of Paraíba and by objectives the analysis of social-inclusive implemented by the NGO Institute of the Blind of Paraiba, aimed at children and youth with visual impairments, from the perception of these subjects in terms of social inclusion process to which they are submitted according to the parameters of the National Education Policy inclusive. The study was premised on the analysis of public policies of assistance to young people with visual disabilities specifically developed by the government with the participation of the NGO Institute of the Blind (ICP) in completing the process of social inclusion. The references presented a discussion on the role of social organizations linked to the Third Sector, focusing on the spoken-NGO-Citizens in the perspective of solidarity, as a key agent for completion and support of public policies in view of the great challenge that is put subjects such policies as real protagonists. The social-educational activities undertaken by the NGO / ICP, the object of our investigation, we are all linked to the process of social inclusion of its users, such as education, sport, culture, facilitation of access, the poor entry to the market of work to end discrimination and the exercise of citizenship. It must be remembered that all these actions are conditions to prevent social exclusion, while effecting inclusive actions. In this sense our research contributes to the broadening of debate about the problems faced by disabled people considering the responses materialized through public policies and operated both by the public as by private non-profit organization, attention to their needs and achieving its rights. / A presente dissertação intitulada: A Inclusão Sócio-Educacional de Crianças e Jovens com Deficiência Visual e a Participação da ONG Instituto dos Cegos da Paraíba, trata-se de uma pesquisa desenvolvida no Programas de Pós Graduação em Serviço Social da Universidade Federal da Paraíba tendo por objetivos a analise das ações sócio-inclusivas implementadas pela ONG Instituto dos Cegos da Paraíba, voltadas para crianças e Jovens com deficiência visual, a partir das percepções desses sujeitos em relação ao processo de inclusão social ao qual estão submetidos segundo os parâmetros da Política Nacional de Educação Inclusiva. O estudo teve como premissa a análise das políticas públicas de atendimento aos jovens portadores de deficiência visual especificamente, desenvolvida pelo poder público com a participação da ONG Instituto dos Cegos (ICP) na complementação do processo de inclusão social. A bibliografia levantada apresentou a discussão em torno do papel social das organizações ligadas ao Terceiro Setor, enfocando as -ONGs ditas Cidadãs- na perspectiva da solidariedade, como agente fundamental para complementação e apoio às políticas públicas, tendo em vista o grande desafio que é colocar os sujeitos dessas políticas, como verdadeiros protagonistas. As ações sócio-educativas desenvolvidas pela ONG/ICP, objeto da nossa investigação, estão todas vinculadas ao processo de inclusão social dos seus usuários, a exemplo da educação, do esporte, da cultura, da facilitação do acesso, da entrada do deficiente ao mercado de trabalho, ao combate da discriminação e pelo exercício da cidadania. Convém frisar que todas essas ações são condicionantes para evitar a exclusão social e ao mesmo tempo efetivar ações inclusivas. Nesse sentido a nossa investigação vem contribuir para a ampliação do debate a respeito dos problemas enfrentados pelos deficientes considerando as respostas materializadas por meio de políticas publicas e operacionalizadas tanto pelo poder publico como pela iniciativa privada não lucrativa, na atenção as suas necessidades e concretização dos seus direitos.