<p>The overall purpose of this study was to deepen our knowledge about dance in general and about</p><p>dance activities for children in particular, in Morocco. Consequently, we attempted to gain insight and</p><p>understanding of the social and political premises to dance in this context. We further intended to</p><p>study how children were involved in dance activities. A qualitative study was carried out during a stay</p><p>of eight weeks in Marrakech. Data was mainly collected through participant observations in the field</p><p>of dance and children and adults were interviewed. In addition, a quantitative based opinion survey</p><p>was carried out among seven dance teachers.</p><p>The results showed that in spite of the fact that traditional folk dancing is frequently practiced in the</p><p>Moroccan culture, there was a difficulty for the art of dance to gain ground. The access to dance</p><p>activities was limited due to insufficient political and economical support and also because of the</p><p>social conceptions prevailing in the Moroccan society. However, dance was highly valued by children</p><p>that took part in dance education. Both children and dance teachers expressed that dancing enhanced</p><p>the children's self esteem, emotional communication and aesthetic experiences. In the light of the</p><p>theory of multiple intelligences the respondents foremost referred to the personal intelligence as being</p><p>promoted by dancing. The perspective of the child did not receive much attention in governmental</p><p>policies. The access to dance activities for children was much relying on the cultural and economic</p><p>capital of the family. Among people involved in the general field of dance, the knowledge on dance</p><p>showed broad and despite the obvious challenges they were eager to continue their work for the art of</p><p>dance.</p><p> </p>

The overall purpose of this study was to deepen our knowledge about dance in general and about dance activities for children in particular, in Morocco. Consequently, we attempted to gain insight and understanding of the social and political premises to dance in this context. We further intended to study how children were involved in dance activities. A qualitative study was carried out during a stay of eight weeks in Marrakech. Data was mainly collected through participant observations in the field of dance and children and adults were interviewed. In addition, a quantitative based opinion survey was carried out among seven dance teachers. The results showed that in spite of the fact that traditional folk dancing is frequently practiced in the Moroccan culture, there was a difficulty for the art of dance to gain ground. The access to dance activities was limited due to insufficient political and economical support and also because of the social conceptions prevailing in the Moroccan society. However, dance was highly valued by children that took part in dance education. Both children and dance teachers expressed that dancing enhanced the children's self esteem, emotional communication and aesthetic experiences. In the light of the theory of multiple intelligences the respondents foremost referred to the personal intelligence as being promoted by dancing. The perspective of the child did not receive much attention in governmental policies. The access to dance activities for children was much relying on the cultural and economic capital of the family. Among people involved in the general field of dance, the knowledge on dance showed broad and despite the obvious challenges they were eager to continue their work for the art of dance.

Syftet med studien är att undersöka estetiska lärprocesser i matematisk problemlösning då eleverna arbetar tillsammans i grupp. Vidare undersöks elevperspektivet på den estetiska lärprocessen. Studien utförs i en årskurs ett där eleverna får lösa ett matematiskt problem i grupp. Eleverna dokumenterar med en film hur det löser problemet. Elevernas perspektiv undersöks genom att de besvarar en enkät om deras upplevelser. Resultatet av studien är att samtliga grupper löser problemet med hjälp av olika strategier. Genom att eleverna diskuterar och reflekterar med varandra kan de till viss del inspirera varandra till olika lösningsstrategier och lösningar. Slutsatserna resulterar i att problemlösning med estetiska lärprocesser är inspirerande för eleverna och resurskrävande för verksamheten. Genom estetiska lärprocesser kan eleverna konkretisera och reflektera över problemet samt lösa det utan hjälp av den ordinarie matematikboken.

The thesis focuses on J. K. Šlejhar's literary work from two points of view. The first part introduces Šlejhar's work in the contemporary literary context as a result of a synthesis of new literary styles. In the second part the thesis concentrates on a textual analysis and reconstruction of the author's "artistic world". The first part of the thesis gives insight into the contemporary discussions aimed at revising and redefining the function of art with respect to the new development in society and new human needs. The critical reception of realism and naturalism and the reflection of the then wide-spread adoption of new influences from foreign literatures are also dicussed. To draw a comparison, we quote both period and current studies dealing with J. K. Šlejhar's work. Thereby we want to demonstrate the changing requirements of literature and art and the changing perception of a literary work throughout time. The second part of the thesis comprises the textual analysis of Šlejhar's selected writings from the point of view of semiotic literary theory and the reconstruction of the author's "artistic world". Such approach enables us to draw comparisons to Russian literature of the 19th century, primarily with the works of N. V. Gogol and F. M. Dostoyevsky, and to discover a common basis for both...

Music as a hub in school presentationsThe aim of the study is to elucidate how making meaning is constituted when lower secondary pupils play music when giving accounts of other school subjects than music. The empirical material consists of four presenta- tions in the subjects of physics, religion and Swedish, which were filmed during ordinary lessons in a lower secondary school. In addition the data consists of nine filmed stimulated recall interviews with the pupils and their teachers, which were also filmed.Social semiotic multimodality constitutes the study’s theoretical and methodological point of departure. The perspective enables investigation of the pupils’ playing of music and music in its multimodal context, and of how different dimensions of meaning are constructed. The filmed presentations were transcribed into music scores in order to visualise the multimodal events of the presentations. Three different categories of meaning were used, ideational, interpersonal and textual meaning, to analyse how music relates to other modes of communication.The results show how the temporal functions of music serve as frame- work and motor, what the music narrates in relation to the subject content and what interpersonal relations the music communicates. The young peo- ple’s knowledge of music manifests itself in the different accounts as an ability to use and adapt musical knowledge to a context where another sub- ject than music is in focus. The presentations of Swedish are travesties of well-known songs and the pupils stick to the given form. In the other presen- tations the pupils themselves had compiled the music and the result was a form of musical works where the music does not follow any model or certain genre. The informants think that this working method implies that the work is experienced as meaningful both to themselves and to the audience.

Ce projet de recherche a pour objectif de mieux cerner l’émergence des émotions et plus particulièrement de définir et cerner l’émotion esthétique, au sein de l’atelier et lors du processus et de la relation art-thérapeutique. Il s’agit de constater que les émotions, et les émotions esthétiques ressenties, ont des effets art-thérapeutiques sur la personne détenue privée de liberté. Pour ce faire j’ai utilisé une méthodologie comportant plusieurs bases de données. Cette recherche a été réalisée à partir de 50 séances sur une année, dispensées auprès de 19 personnes détenues au sein de deux Maisons Centrales d’un Centre Pénitentiaire de très Haute Sécurité. Le dispositif repose sur une consigne d’atelier, l’expression d’une production artistique, des grilles d’observations, des questionnaires/carnets de bord remplis par les détenus à la fin de chaque séance, l’analyse du contenu des productions graphiques et picturales réalisées par les détenus et des prises de notes. Les résultats permettent de constater l’émergence d’émotions et d’émotions esthétiques ayant des effets art-thérapeutiques tels que ; l’apaisement, le plaisir, la joie et la surprise, mais la colère et la frustration ont aussi pu s’exprimer et s’élaborer afin de se métaboliser c’est-à-dire de se transformer, ce qui est positif. / This research project aims to better understand the emergence of emotions and more specifically to define the aesthetic emotion, within the workshop and during the art therapeutic process and the art-therapeutic relationship. It is a matter of noticing that the emotions and the aesthetic emotions felt, and of seeing their therapeutic effects on the detained person deprived of liberty. To do this I used a methodology with several databases. This research was carried out based on 50 sessions over a year given to 19 detainees in two Central Houses of a very High Security Prison. The device is based on a workshop instruction, the expression of an artistic production, observation grids, questionnaires/diaries filled in by each prisoner at the end of each session, analysis of the content of the graphic productions and paintings carried out by prisoners and note-taking. The results reveal the emergence of aesthetic emotions and emotions with art-therapeutic effects; Such as feelings of appeasement, pleasure, joy but also anger and frustration have been expressed and elaborated in order to metabolize, that is to say to be transformed, which is positiv.

Esta tese focaliza a formação do campo literário direcionado a crianças e jovens, em Mato Grosso e perfaz o surgimento de um cânone contemporâneo. Para isso, adotamos os estudos teóricos de Bordieu (1996, 2012) e Candido (2000). As implicações do postulado teórico desses críticos foram valiosas, a partir do momento que nos permitiu perceber a posição do autor literário e avaliar o valor e a pertinência de suas obras em determinadas configurações sociais. Primeiramente, apresentamos um estudo sobre a História da Literatura infanto-juvenil mato-grossense, a partir dos primeiros textos literários direcionados a esse público, publicados em periódicos como A Juventude (1916 a 1917), ou em jornais escolares como O Pequeno Mensageiro (1920) e O Liceu (1930), os quais foram responsáveis por ações e pela representação da criança dentro desse universo da escrita. Além disso, foram mapeadas mais de 70 obras infanto-juvenis para se chegar a um primeiro quadro de 26 (vinte e seis) publicadas por editoras em Mato Grosso. Levamos também em conta as obras de autores que publicaram fora do Estado como Antônio de Pádua e Silva e Aclyse de Mattos. Análises mais profundas foram feitas a partir do que consideramos marcos da produção local, a saber: Dunga Rodrigues, Uma aventura em Mato Grosso (1984); Maria da Graça Campos, As meninas e o sabiá (1987), primeiras obras da literatura infanto-juvenil mato-grossense após a divisão do Estado, e Lucinda Persona, A cidade sem Sol (2000) e Ivens Scaff, Uma maneira simples de voar (2006), representativos da produção contemporânea. Foram verificadas as tendências estéticas, os temas, as formas e os recursos visuais que moldaram essas obras, assim como a incidência dos níveis estéticos e utilitários. Suporte teórico fundamental, neste último capítulo, são os estudos de Mendes (1994), necessários para detectar os nossos parâmetros de análise. A conjunção da História e da Crítica literária, embasada nas análises de obras direcionadas ao público infanto-juvenil, é a força motriz deste estudo / This thesis is concerned with the formation of the literary field directly to children and young in Mato Grosso and, make up the beginning of a contemporary canon. With this view, we adopt the theoretical studies of Bordieu (1996, 2012) and Candido (2000). The implications of the theoretical postulate of these scientists were valuable which allowed us to recognize the position of literary author and estimate the value and relevance of their works in certain social settings. Foremost, we present a study about the History of Mato-grossense childrens Literature, from the first literary texts directed to this audience, published by periodic like A Juventude (1916 to 1917) or in school newspaper like O Pequeno Mensageiro (1920) and O Liceu (1930), they were responsible for actions and for the representation of the child within this writing universe. Furthermore, were mapped more than 70 children and youth works to achieve to the first chart with 26 (twenty-six) printed by publishers in Mato Grosso. We also consider the works that their authors have published in other place out of state like Antônio de Pádua e Silva and Aclyse de Mattos. Deeper analysis were made from what we consider mark of the local production, videlicet: Dunga Rodrigues, Uma aventura em Mato Grosso (1984); Maria da Graça Campos, As meninas e o sabiá (1987), first works of the mato-grossense childrens literature after the separation of the State and Lucinda Persona, A cidade sem sol (2000) and Ivens Scaff, Uma maneira simples de voar (2006), typical of contemporary production. The aesthetics trends, themes, forms and the visual features which shaped these works were verified, so well as the incidence of aesthetics levels and utilities in these productions. Fundamental theoretical support. In the last chapter, there are the studies of Mendes (1994), required to detect our analysis parameters. The conjunction of the History and the Book review, grounded in the analysis of works directed to children and youth, is the driving force of this study

The purpose of the study was to research what kind of physical activities takes place in pre-school, and teachers views and thoughts of physical activity in combination with aestethic learningprocesses. The study endeavors to show how aesthetic learning processes can be combined with physical activity and be used as a tool to teach other subjects, such as, math, science and aesthetic subjects. I specifically investigate how you can combine a physical activity with a creative process and play to make the learning process fun and developing for the children. The study was made with qualitative interviews with six pre-school teachers from three different communal pre-schools in Karlstad, Sweden. My result shows that the teachers think that physical activity is very important for the children and their health and also their motor and coordination, but that they rarely plan or in some cases never plan a physical activity because their opinion is that the physical activity takes place in the children’s spontaneous play. The result of my study also shows that teachers that have a personal interest in physical activity had more planned physical activities than the teachers that had a little or no personal interest in physical activity. / Jag kommer i min studie undersöka vilka tankar pedagogerna har om fysisk aktivitet i förskolan samt hur pedagogerna resonerar kring fysisk aktivitet i relation till estetiska lärprocesser. Jag undersöker särskilt hur fysisk aktivitet kan vara kopplat till kreativitet och lek, vilken betydelse pedagogernas roll får för att stimulera barnens sinnliga förmågor och hur det på ett kreativt sätt kan ske ett utvecklande och lustfyllt lärande. Anledningen till att jag valt att studera fysisk aktivitet i relation till estetiska lärprocesser är för att jag tror att vi med stor fördel kan använda oss av estetiska lärprocesser som ett verktyg för att lära ut ämnen som vi inte ser som klassiska, estetiska ämnen, till exempel matematik och naturvetenskapliga ämnen, barnen behöver då ledas pedagogiskt. Studien bygger på kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med sex förskollärare på tre förskolor i Karlstad kommun. I resultatet framkom att pedagogerna anser att fysisk aktivitet är viktigt för att främja hälsan och barnens grovmotorik och koordination, men att det sällan sker planerade och ledda fysiska aktiviteter, den fysiska aktiviteten sker istället i barnens spontana och fria lek.

Esta tese focaliza a formação do campo literário direcionado a crianças e jovens, em Mato Grosso e perfaz o surgimento de um cânone contemporâneo. Para isso, adotamos os estudos teóricos de Bordieu (1996, 2012) e Candido (2000). As implicações do postulado teórico desses críticos foram valiosas, a partir do momento que nos permitiu perceber a posição do autor literário e avaliar o valor e a pertinência de suas obras em determinadas configurações sociais. Primeiramente, apresentamos um estudo sobre a História da Literatura infanto-juvenil mato-grossense, a partir dos primeiros textos literários direcionados a esse público, publicados em periódicos como A Juventude (1916 a 1917), ou em jornais escolares como O Pequeno Mensageiro (1920) e O Liceu (1930), os quais foram responsáveis por ações e pela representação da criança dentro desse universo da escrita. Além disso, foram mapeadas mais de 70 obras infanto-juvenis para se chegar a um primeiro quadro de 26 (vinte e seis) publicadas por editoras em Mato Grosso. Levamos também em conta as obras de autores que publicaram fora do Estado como Antônio de Pádua e Silva e Aclyse de Mattos. Análises mais profundas foram feitas a partir do que consideramos marcos da produção local, a saber: Dunga Rodrigues, Uma aventura em Mato Grosso (1984); Maria da Graça Campos, As meninas e o sabiá (1987), primeiras obras da literatura infanto-juvenil mato-grossense após a divisão do Estado, e Lucinda Persona, A cidade sem Sol (2000) e Ivens Scaff, Uma maneira simples de voar (2006), representativos da produção contemporânea. Foram verificadas as tendências estéticas, os temas, as formas e os recursos visuais que moldaram essas obras, assim como a incidência dos níveis estéticos e utilitários. Suporte teórico fundamental, neste último capítulo, são os estudos de Mendes (1994), necessários para detectar os nossos parâmetros de análise. A conjunção da História e da Crítica literária, embasada nas análises de obras direcionadas ao público infanto-juvenil, é a força motriz deste estudo / This thesis is concerned with the formation of the literary field directly to children and young in Mato Grosso and, make up the beginning of a contemporary canon. With this view, we adopt the theoretical studies of Bordieu (1996, 2012) and Candido (2000). The implications of the theoretical postulate of these scientists were valuable which allowed us to recognize the position of literary author and estimate the value and relevance of their works in certain social settings. Foremost, we present a study about the History of Mato-grossense childrens Literature, from the first literary texts directed to this audience, published by periodic like A Juventude (1916 to 1917) or in school newspaper like O Pequeno Mensageiro (1920) and O Liceu (1930), they were responsible for actions and for the representation of the child within this writing universe. Furthermore, were mapped more than 70 children and youth works to achieve to the first chart with 26 (twenty-six) printed by publishers in Mato Grosso. We also consider the works that their authors have published in other place out of state like Antônio de Pádua e Silva and Aclyse de Mattos. Deeper analysis were made from what we consider mark of the local production, videlicet: Dunga Rodrigues, Uma aventura em Mato Grosso (1984); Maria da Graça Campos, As meninas e o sabiá (1987), first works of the mato-grossense childrens literature after the separation of the State and Lucinda Persona, A cidade sem sol (2000) and Ivens Scaff, Uma maneira simples de voar (2006), typical of contemporary production. The aesthetics trends, themes, forms and the visual features which shaped these works were verified, so well as the incidence of aesthetics levels and utilities in these productions. Fundamental theoretical support. In the last chapter, there are the studies of Mendes (1994), required to detect our analysis parameters. The conjunction of the History and the Book review, grounded in the analysis of works directed to children and youth, is the driving force of this study