The social development of last decades brings about rapid changes, affecting also medicine and nursing. It also contributed to a positive shift, so a hospitalization of a child does not necessarily mean breaking bonds with its parents, siblings, and the broader family. Yet, a nurse remains an irreplaceable link in the process of child's treatment. It is a nurse who spends most of the time with the child during a hospitalization. A nurse has therefore a great potential of influencing child's adaptation to the hospitalization either in a positive or a negative way. Regardless of health or illness, a child retains a need of play activities. A play is an important healing component, it improves emotional condition, facilitates an adaptation to a changed health situation and enables saturation for activities the disease makes difficult or impossible. This diploma thesis aimed to analyze how spare time and play activities are ensured in small hospitals, regarding personnel, time and material. The author also set the task of finding out what importance the nurses give to their own role in the educational process. The research was conducted in two ways. The qualitative part contains interviews with children of primary school age who answered questions about what they wanted and what children hospitalized in small hospitals generally miss. Hypotheses were subsequently formed according to results of this part. These hypotheses were then tested by a quantitative research. The research group for the quantitative research were nurses working in pediatric departments of hospitals in the regions of Plzen, Karlovy Vary and Central Bohemia. The research shows that many pediatric departments of small and medium-sized hospitals have to deal with nurses' time troubles and with an insufficient staffing in order to fill meaningfully and effectively the child patients' spare time. The results of this research will be used as a platform for improvement of hospitalized children's conditions in one particular department.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-11-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:38:38Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 pazian_rt_me_assis.pdf: 581615 bytes, checksum: a0ed3ebbd8965e23523f6988637ea680 (MD5) / A hospitalização de uma criança significa um momento de sofrimento, permeado por sentimentos de medo, angústia e ansiedade. Essa experiência é acompanhada de perto pela sua família, especialmente a mãe, vista, geralmente como alguém capaz de contribuir para a recuperação da saúde da criança. Contudo, também ela é atravessada pelo sentido de sofrimento diante do adoecimento e hospitalização do filho. Em razão disso, o presente trabalho se propõe pensar os sentimentos despertados sobre a mãe acompanhante do seu filho hospitalizado, suas estratégias de enfrentamento e o significado atribuído a sua função, nesse contexto. Esta pesquisa realizou-se na Santa Casa de Misericórdia do município de Assis-SP, no período de abril a agosto de 2006. Para a coleta dos dados, utilizamos a entrevista semi-dirigida a dez mães acompanhantes de suas crianças de até dois anos de idade e a observação na enfermaria infantil, tendo os referenciais psicanalíticos como guias para a sua efetivação. Assim, as análises estiveram guiadas pelos conceitos psicanalíticos de associação livre, transferência, contratransferência e interpretação, permitindo-nos compreender os conteúdos manifesto e latente das linguagens verbais e não-verbais de cada mãe, aproximando-nos de suas angústias. Além disso, a formação do psiquismo dessas mulheres sofre influência de contextos socioculturais a respeito da maternidade, de modo que esses aspectos também permearam as análises. Estas últimas revelaram um sentido concedido à maternidade de amor e dedicação exclusiva, bem como de uma pré-condição feminina, ainda revelando uma influência do ideal romântico de amor materno, construído no século XVIII. Diante da... / A child hospitalization means a moment of suffering, full of fear, anguish and anxiety. This experience is closed attended by the family, especially by the mother. She is generally seen as someone capable to contribute to the child.s health recovery. However, the mother is also touched by the suffering in face of child.s sickness and hospitalization. According to this, the report suggests to think about the mother who accompanies her hospitalized child, her strategies to face the experience and the meaning of her role in this context. The search took place in Santa Casa de Misericórdia – Assis/SP. The tool used to collect data was the semi-adressed interview to a group of mothers who accompany their twoyear children and to the children nursing observation, with pshycoanalistic concernings used as guide to their accomplishment. Its construction is based on pshycoanalistic concerning, being analysis guided by the free association, transferring and interpretation concepts, allowing us to understand the discernible and hidden content of the verbal and non-verbal speech of each mother, getting close to their anguishes. Besides, these women psychic development are influenced by social and cultural contexts about motherhood, so that these aspects will also be envolved with the analysis done. Analysis demonstrate a sense of exclusive love and dedication conceded to motherhood, as well as a feminine prior condition, still revealing the mother love romantic ideal influence, built in XVIII century. In face of children hospitalization, mothers feel the responsibility to redouble those affections and care. The feeling of blame was the most manifested one by the mothers, making them wish they were in their children.s place in ...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below)

Orientador: Olga Ceciliato Mattioli / Banca: Heloisa Maria Heradão Rogone / Banca: Isabel Cristina Gomes / Resumo: A hospitalização de uma criança significa um momento de sofrimento, permeado por sentimentos de medo, angústia e ansiedade. Essa experiência é acompanhada de perto pela sua família, especialmente a mãe, vista, geralmente como alguém capaz de contribuir para a recuperação da saúde da criança. Contudo, também ela é atravessada pelo sentido de sofrimento diante do adoecimento e hospitalização do filho. Em razão disso, o presente trabalho se propõe pensar os sentimentos despertados sobre a mãe acompanhante do seu filho hospitalizado, suas estratégias de enfrentamento e o significado atribuído a sua função, nesse contexto. Esta pesquisa realizou-se na Santa Casa de Misericórdia do município de Assis-SP, no período de abril a agosto de 2006. Para a coleta dos dados, utilizamos a entrevista semi-dirigida a dez mães acompanhantes de suas crianças de até dois anos de idade e a observação na enfermaria infantil, tendo os referenciais psicanalíticos como guias para a sua efetivação. Assim, as análises estiveram guiadas pelos conceitos psicanalíticos de associação livre, transferência, contratransferência e interpretação, permitindo-nos compreender os conteúdos manifesto e latente das linguagens verbais e não-verbais de cada mãe, aproximando-nos de suas angústias. Além disso, a formação do psiquismo dessas mulheres sofre influência de contextos socioculturais a respeito da maternidade, de modo que esses aspectos também permearam as análises. Estas últimas revelaram um sentido concedido à maternidade de amor e dedicação exclusiva, bem como de uma pré-condição feminina, ainda revelando uma influência do ideal romântico de amor materno, construído no século XVIII. Diante da ...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: A child hospitalization means a moment of suffering, full of fear, anguish and anxiety. This experience is closed attended by the family, especially by the mother. She is generally seen as someone capable to contribute to the child.s health recovery. However, the mother is also touched by the suffering in face of child.s sickness and hospitalization. According to this, the report suggests to think about the mother who accompanies her hospitalized child, her strategies to face the experience and the meaning of her role in this context. The search took place in Santa Casa de Misericórdia - Assis/SP. The tool used to collect data was the semi-adressed interview to a group of mothers who accompany their twoyear children and to the children nursing observation, with pshycoanalistic concernings used as guide to their accomplishment. Its construction is based on pshycoanalistic concerning, being analysis guided by the free association, transferring and interpretation concepts, allowing us to understand the discernible and hidden content of the verbal and non-verbal speech of each mother, getting close to their anguishes. Besides, these women psychic development are influenced by social and cultural contexts about motherhood, so that these aspects will also be envolved with the analysis done. Analysis demonstrate a sense of exclusive love and dedication conceded to motherhood, as well as a feminine prior condition, still revealing the mother love romantic ideal influence, built in XVIII century. In face of children hospitalization, mothers feel the responsibility to redouble those affections and care. The feeling of blame was the most manifested one by the mothers, making them wish they were in their children.s place in ...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below) / Mestre

Resumo: A hospitalização infantil para realização de cirurgia envolve uma sobrecarga emocional tanto para as crianças quanto para sua família. Sabendo que adultos e crianças são atingidos de modo semelhante pelo stress, este estudo avaliou o nível de stress de acompanhantes e crianças em situação pré-cirúrgica e as estratégias de enfrentamento (coping) das crianças nesta situação. Participaram 63 crianças, com idade entre 7 e 12 anos, hospitalizadas para cirurgias eletivas, e seus acompanhantes. Para verificar as variáveis sociodemográficas e de hospitalização das crianças, um Questionário de Levantamento de Informações, elaborado para este estudo, foi aplicado nos acompanhantes. Para avaliar a presença de stress nas crianças, foi aplicada a Escola de Stress Infantil (ESI) e, nos acompanhantes, o Inventário de Sintomas de Stress para adultos de Lipp (ISSL). Aplicou-se o Instrumento de Avaliação das Estratégias de Enfrentamento da Hospitalização (AEH) para identificar as estratégias de enfrentamento utilizadas pelas crianças para lidar com a hospitalização. Observou-se que cerca de 12,7% das crianças apresentaram stress e 23,8% possibilidade de stress, especialmente para sintomas psicológicos (33%), relacionados às variáveis: idade (sete a oito anos), sexo feminino, não ter experiência anterior com cirurgia e receber pouca informação acerca do período perioperatório. As crianças informadas pelo médico e com informação sobre o procedimento cirúrgico, apresentaram menor nível de stress. A maioria dos acompanhantes (76%) foram diagnosticados como estressados, com prevalência da fase de resistência e sintomas psicológicos principalmente as do sexo feminino. As crianças pontuaram mais comportamentos facilitadores da hospitalização como: tomar medicação, assistir TV e conversar. Meninas, crianças com idade igual ou superior a 11 anos e crianças ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Children's hospitalization for surgery may involve an emotional burden for both, the child and for his family. Knowing that adults and children alike are affected by stress, this study evaluated the stress level of caregivers and children in pre-surgical situation and the coping strategies of children in this situation. Participated in this study 63 children aged between seven and 12 years hospitalized for elective sugery and their carers. To determine the sociodemographic variables and hospitalizationn of children, a questionnaire survey of information prepared for this study was applied in companions. To evaluate the the presence of stress in children, was applied the Escala de Stress Infantil (ESI) and, in accompanying the Inventário de Sintomas de Stress para adultos de Lipp (ISSL). To identify the coping strategies used bu children to cope with hospitalization was applied the Instrumento de Avaliação das Estratégias de Enfrentamento da Hospitalização (AEH). It was observed that approximately 12.7% of children showed stress and 23.8% possibility of stress, especially for psychological psychological symptoms (33%), related to the variables age (seven to eight years), female, have no previous experience with surgery and receive little information about the perioperative period. The children reported by the physician and the surgical procedure had a lower level of stress. The most caregivers (76%) were diagnosed as stressed, with a prevalecence of resistance phase and psychological symptons. The fact that a woman companion and chief caregiver, in addition to being a companion of young children with no previous surgical experience and female was related with higher stress. The children scored more facilitative behaviors of hospitalization as taking medication, watching TV and chatting. Girls, children aged less than 11 years and children ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Olga Maria Piazentin Rolim Rodrigues / Coorientador: Gimol Benzaquen Perosa / Banca: Sônia Regina Fiorim Enumo / Banca: Carmen Maria Bueno Neme / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-07-23Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:12:10Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 carnier_le_me_bauru.pdf: 1982119 bytes, checksum: b4ab862bfa7521b0f63af29532202451 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A hospitalização infantil para realização de cirurgia envolve uma sobrecarga emocional tanto para as crianças quanto para sua família. Sabendo que adultos e crianças são atingidos de modo semelhante pelo stress, este estudo avaliou o nível de stress de acompanhantes e crianças em situação pré-cirúrgica e as estratégias de enfrentamento (coping) das crianças nesta situação. Participaram 63 crianças, com idade entre 7 e 12 anos, hospitalizadas para cirurgias eletivas, e seus acompanhantes. Para verificar as variáveis sociodemográficas e de hospitalização das crianças, um Questionário de Levantamento de Informações, elaborado para este estudo, foi aplicado nos acompanhantes. Para avaliar a presença de stress nas crianças, foi aplicada a Escola de Stress Infantil (ESI) e, nos acompanhantes, o Inventário de Sintomas de Stress para adultos de Lipp (ISSL). Aplicou-se o Instrumento de Avaliação das Estratégias de Enfrentamento da Hospitalização (AEH) para identificar as estratégias de enfrentamento utilizadas pelas crianças para lidar com a hospitalização. Observou-se que cerca de 12,7% das crianças apresentaram stress e 23,8% possibilidade de stress, especialmente para sintomas psicológicos (33%), relacionados às variáveis: idade (sete a oito anos), sexo feminino, não ter experiência anterior com cirurgia e receber pouca informação acerca do período perioperatório. As crianças informadas pelo médico e com informação sobre o procedimento cirúrgico, apresentaram menor nível de stress. A maioria dos acompanhantes (76%) foram diagnosticados como estressados, com prevalência da fase de resistência e sintomas psicológicos principalmente as do sexo feminino. As crianças pontuaram mais comportamentos facilitadores da hospitalização como: tomar medicação, assistir TV e conversar. Meninas, crianças com idade igual ou superior a 11 anos e crianças... / Children's hospitalization for surgery may involve an emotional burden for both, the child and for his family. Knowing that adults and children alike are affected by stress, this study evaluated the stress level of caregivers and children in pre-surgical situation and the coping strategies of children in this situation. Participated in this study 63 children aged between seven and 12 years hospitalized for elective sugery and their carers. To determine the sociodemographic variables and hospitalizationn of children, a questionnaire survey of information prepared for this study was applied in companions. To evaluate the the presence of stress in children, was applied the Escala de Stress Infantil (ESI) and, in accompanying the Inventário de Sintomas de Stress para adultos de Lipp (ISSL). To identify the coping strategies used bu children to cope with hospitalization was applied the Instrumento de Avaliação das Estratégias de Enfrentamento da Hospitalização (AEH). It was observed that approximately 12.7% of children showed stress and 23.8% possibility of stress, especially for psychological psychological symptoms (33%), related to the variables age (seven to eight years), female, have no previous experience with surgery and receive little information about the perioperative period. The children reported by the physician and the surgical procedure had a lower level of stress. The most caregivers (76%) were diagnosed as stressed, with a prevalecence of resistance phase and psychological symptons. The fact that a woman companion and chief caregiver, in addition to being a companion of young children with no previous surgical experience and female was related with higher stress. The children scored more facilitative behaviors of hospitalization as taking medication, watching TV and chatting. Girls, children aged less than 11 years and children ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

[ES] En la presente tesis doctoral se aborda el problema de la socialización de los pacientes pediátricos en el contexto de su ingreso hospitalario, estudiando las posibilidades de mejorar este ámbito de la salud del paciente mediante diversas estrategias y herramientas tecnológicas teniendo en cuenta la problemática planteada y las dificultades propias del contexto. En primer lugar, se realizará una evaluación del estado del arte, así como una justificación de la problemática existente, planteando claramente los objetivos e hipótesis del presente trabajo, así como la metodología seguida. A continuación, se presentarán las diferentes herramientas implementadas y evaluadas, analizando los resultados obtenidos y situándolos en su contexto y marco tecnológico. Estas herramientas, que combinan actividades y aplicaciones presenciales, remotas o híbridas, implementan diferentes estrategias para poder valorar cuáles son las más adecuadas o que presentan un mayor impacto en el paciente. Tras esto, se propone un modelo de diseño basado en los resultados obtenidos en estudios anteriores, así como su posible aplicación en diferentes ámbitos, discutiendo el mismo y justificando las decisiones de diseño adoptadas. Finalmente, se establecerán las conclusiones obtenidas tras el análisis de los resultados y se plantearán cuáles son las posibles aplicaciones y trabajos futuros relacionados con el trabajo realizado en el marco de la tesis doctoral. / [CA] Aquesta tesi doctoral aborda el problema de la socialització dels pacients pediàtrics durant la seua estada hospitalària, i s'estudien les possibilitats de millorar aquest àmbit de la salut del pacient mitjançant diverses estratègies i eines tecnològiques, considerant la problemàtica plantejada i les dificultats pròpies de l'entorn. En primer lloc, es realitzarà una avaluació de l'estat de l'art, així com una justificació de la problemàtica existent, i es plantejaran clarament els objectius i la hipòtesi del treball, així com la metodologia emprada. Seguidament, es presentaran les diferents eines implementades i avaluades, analitzant els resultats obtinguts i situant-los al seu context i marc tecnològic. Aquestes eines, que combinen activitats i aplicacions presencials, remotes o híbrides, implementen diferents estratègies per a poder valorar quines són les més adients, o les que presenten un major impacte en el pacient. A continuació, es proposa un model de disseny basat en els resultats obtinguts als estudis previs, així com la seua possible aplicació en diferents àmbits, discutint el model i justificant les decisions de disseny adoptades. Finalment, s'establiran les conclusions obtingudes després d'analitzar els resultats i es plantejaran les possibles aplicacions i treballs futurs relacionats amb els continguts desenvolupats durant la tesi doctoral. / [EN] In this document, the problems for socialization for pediatric patients in the context of their hospital internment are considered, analyzing the possibilities of improving this aspect of the patient's health through the use of different strategies and technological tools considering the difficulties posed by the environment and the context. In the first place, an evaluation of the state of the literature and a justification of the existing problematic will be presented, clearly stating the objectives and hypothesis of this work, and also the methodology that has been followed. Afterwards, the different tools that have been implemented and evaluated will be described, analyzing the obtained results and placing them in their context and technological frame. These tools, that combine physically placed activities and applications with remote or hybrid ones, implement different strategies in order to be able to analyze which are the most convenient or the ones that show a higher benefit for the patient. In the following section, a design model, which is based on the results obtained in the previous studies, is proposed, with the justification of the design decisions made and a description of different applications and contexts in which the proposed model could be useful. Finally, the conclusions obtained after the analysis of the results will be presented, and a short discussion about possible applications and future related works will be done. / Thanks to the Ministry for Education, that have funded my research through grant FPU17/03333 / Montaner Marco, J. (2023). Gamification Strategies as Socialization Tools in the Context of Paediatric Hospitalization [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/201552

Hospitalization means a lot of changes for a child. A child does not feel well, is isolated from home, friends, and comes to a new unknown environment full of white coats, fear, and different illnesses. After coming to hospital, a child loses the feeling of safety and is afraid. Fulfilling the child´s needs of certainty and safety is crucial for the child´s healthy development that is why the thesis deals with this topic. The aim of the thesis is to map to what extend the needs of safety and certainty of children are fulfilled in chosen departments. The thesis aims to find out in what way the asked children adapt to the hospital environment and to map the nurses´ approach to the children in the context of fulfilling the needs of safety and certainty as well. In the theoretical part, classification of children´s needs is described and the needs of certainty and safety are characterized. This part deals with adaptation of a child to the hospital environment and cooperation with the family, the role of parents during child´s hospitalisation, and the issue of hospitalism. For the empirical part, qualitative research was chosen via a method of semi-structured interviews with hospitalized children and nurses. The research sample was created by 17 children of younger school age and 6 nurses in the same ratio from three children´s department of Motol University Hospital. When interviewing children, we were finding out how they feel at hospital, what they experience, if they have visitors, if they are not afraid, and how they are informed about the diagnosis, check-ups, and the length of hospitalization. We were interviewing nurses about ensuring the needs of certainty and safety, decreasing fear and pain, common hospitalization of parents and children, and preparation of children for check-ups. On the basis of the analysis of results, we made a conclusion that the needs of safety and certainty are fulfilled to a great extend at children. Children generally adapt to the hospital environment well. Nurses treat them with love and try to devote themselves to them, encourage them and substitute their parents if they are not hospitalized with them. We think, however, that they do no devote enough time to psychosocial anamnesis and that is why an adaptation questionnaire was created which will serve nurses after admitting a child to hospitalization.