published_or_final_version / Chinese / Master / Master of Philosophy

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 146-162). / xii, 162 leaves, bound ill., music 29 cm

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This thesis centers on a family surnamed Li in the first half of the fourth century. The Lis were originally inhabitants of the eastern Szechwan region and belonged to the Indigenous non-Chinese grouping of that area, the Pa people, also referred to as the Lin Chun Man. They moved to the Shensi area around the beginning of the third century and returned to Szechwan a century later in a large group of migrants fleeing internal disorders and famine. In Szechwan they came into conflict with the local officials representing the Chin dynasty and eventually established an independent state there which existed from 306 to 347. The state was known first as Ch'eng and then, after 338, as Han. My thesis consists of introductory material followed by an annotated translation. In the introduction I first present a general overview of the history of the period and Ch'eng-Han's place in it. I then go on to discuss several aspects of the history of the state. First the Pa people and their origin myth centering on Lin Chun is discussed, then an investigation is made of the various sources for the history of Ch'eng-Han. It is determined that the primary surces are the works of Ch'ang Ch'ü, the Hua-yang kuo-chih and the Shu Li Shu, and that this Shu Li Shu or a section of the Shih-Liu kuo ch'un-ch'iu based upon it is the ultimate source of the Chin Shu account. Next the scale and historical import of the migrations of the period are considered and finally the relation of the Li family to religious Taoism, particularly with regard to Fan Ch'ang-sheng, is dealt with. This is followed by the translation. It is a conflation of a basic text, Chin Shu 120 and 121, with chapters 8 and 9 of the Hua-yang kuo-chih as well as occasional passages from other portions of these two works and the Wei Shu and the Shih-liu kuo ch'un-ch'iu, the last work being preserved only in quotations in later encyclopedia. My purpose in making this translation has been to present as complete as possible a record of the events important in the history of the Ch'eng-Han state. / Arts, Faculty of / Asian Studies, Department of / Graduate

published_or_final_version / abstract / Chinese Historical Studies / Master / Master of Arts

論文(碩士)--香港中文大學. / 參考文獻: l. 307-311. / Manuscript. / 引言 --- p.1-6 / Chapter 第一章 --- 地方勢力的成員及其政治活動 --- p.7-62 / Chapter 第一節 --- 地方勢力的成員及其身份的演变 --- p.7-21 / Chapter 第二節 --- 流民與流民集團 --- p.22-34 / Chapter 第三節 --- 地方勢力的政治活動 --- p.35-62 / Chapter 第二章 --- 地方勢力的動向 --- p.63-189 / Chapter 第一節 --- 曹操初起事時的基本武力與譙沛集團 --- p.63-90 / Chapter 第二節 --- 劉氏政權與豫、徐、荊、益等州的地方勢力 --- p.91-122 / Chapter 第三節 --- 江東的孫吳政權 --- p.123-144 / Chapter 第四節 --- 封建制度下双重君臣倫理關係與地方勢力選擇歸附的矛盾 --- p.145-165 / Chapter 第五節 --- 地方勢力的反覆 --- p.166-189 / Chapter 第三章 --- 群雄與地方勢力的關係 --- p.190-302 / Chapter 第一節 --- 曹操平定冀州前中原地區群雄勢力的消長與曹的妥協政策 --- p.190-217 / Chapter 第二節 --- 曹操平定冀州後政策的轉變 --- p.218-229 / Chapter 第三節 --- 袁紹、公孫瓚、公孫度、陶謙、劉備、劉表、劉焉等人的政策 --- p.230-244 / Chapter 第四節 --- 孫吳在江東的政策 --- p.245-267 / Chapter 第五節 --- 妥協政策的形成 --- p.268-288 / Chapter （一） --- 割地 / Chapter （二） --- 联婚 / Chapter （三) --- 質任 / Chapter 第六節 --- 壓制政策´ؤ´ؤ有漸進的分化到強制徙民 --- p.289-302 / 結論 --- p.303-306 / 參考書目 --- p.307-311

 This thesis sets to sketch Chinese intellectuals’ sustained efforts to search for an alternative modernity to the Western model throughout the twentieth century, and uncover the interaction between intellectual politics and Chinese modernity discourse by historicizing and contextualizing Chinese modernity discourse. This study starts with delineating the consistence and the inconsistence of Chinese modernity discourses by juxtaposing different historical conditions and examining reappeared trends of thoughts. Three intellectual currents, i.e., cultural conservatism, humanism, and professionalism, which emerged in the May Fourth period and remerged in the post-socialist condition, are examined to mirror the spiral dynamics and the locus of Chinese modernity. Their respective roles in reconstructing Chinese cultural, ethical and academic orders in response to Western model of modernity are highlighted in the research. Cultural conservatism attempts to legitimize the Chinese culture in the framework of global modernity by resetting or reinterpreting the dialectical relation between the whole and part, universalism, and essentialism. Humanism emphasizes the standard, the guidance of authority, and the self-perfection to resist the ethical disorder caused by the so-called “modern spirit”, which is embodied by individualism, romanticism, and the immoderate expansion of desire. Professionalism influences the pattern of producing and reproducing knowledge about modernity by re-standardizing the academic and the discursive fields and by remolding the identity of the agents. After exposing how the “alternative modernity” in China, as a discursive-political device, has been produced and repackaged with various contents and meanings, this thesis proceeds to explore the intellectual pedestal of Chinese modernity discourses from two aspects. First, how do the intellectual strategies of self-positioning and position-taking influence knowledge production and reproduction of the Chinese modernity discourse; second, how articulation and re-articulation of modernity discourse reflect the self-adjustments of intellectual politics as well as identity shifts. Through the comparative and diachronic examinations, it poses that, as Chinese modernity discourse is increasingly served as a symbolic capital or a strategy of intellectual politics, it gradually loses its authenticity or even becomes a signifier without signified. Meanwhile, the state-led modernization practice is reversely becoming homogenous, stable, and less diverse, although the dominant ideology, namely, socialism with Chinese characteristics, is, in itself, hybrid, paradoxical, and strategically manufactured. / published_or_final_version / Comparative Literature / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

This thesis explores cross-cultural encounters between China and three British left-wing writers – Harold Laski, W. H. Auden and Joseph Needham. The motivations underlying this study are the diversity and intensiveness of the British left’s engagements with China’s search for modernization in the twentieth century. Laski, Auden and Needham were all prominent British left-wing intellectuals, and each exerted a remarkable influence on the Chinese pursuit of modern democracy, literature, and science, the three important pillars of China’s modernization since the May Fourth period. Grouping them together, the thesis makes a contribution to the study of the international impacts of the British left in general and the study of Sino-British cultural exchanges in particular. The conventional view emphasizes Western influences on China in modern times as unilateral knowledge transplantation from the advanced West to the backward East, thus the important role of the Chinese intelligentsia as cultural agency is often marginalized. This thesis, by contrast, interprets the British left’s encounters with China as a process of interactive, dynamic, even dialectical transformation, from which both sides derived intellectual benefits. It not only demonstrates the initiative taken by the Chinese intellectuals in translating, interpreting, and applying Western knowledge to address their own particular problems, but also attempts to show the inspirations the British left-wing writers took from China in their own humanitarian struggle for a more liberal, equitable and peaceful world. The thesis is organized in chronological order with the earliest encounter discussed first. Chapter One examines Laski’s impact on Chinese liberals’ imagination and construction of an equitable and democratic China. It shows that the Chinese applications of Laski’s political theory to their local concerns were highly selective, and it was difficult for Chinese liberals to fully embrace Laski’s thought because of the inner conflict between the liberal and Marxist aspects of Laski. Chapter Two discusses Auden and Isherwood’s co-authored book Journey to a War (1939) in the critical tradition of travel writing. It argues that their ironic self-consciousness of the travel book genre itself makes the book unique in Western representations of China, but exposes them to the critical charge of immature frivolity. It also shows that Auden worked towards a symbolic solution for the conflicting demands of the public and private worlds by interpreting the China war into a global human history in his sonnets. Chapter Three focuses on the reception of Auden’s poetry in China. Exposing the limitations of the prevailing formalist-aesthetic approach, it unearths Zhu Weiji’s Marxist interpretation of Auden and proposes an ideological criticism to re-examine Auden’s influences on Chinese modernist poets. Chapter Four explores Needham’s conversion to Chinese culture and his influences on China’s understanding of its own science. By tracing various Chinese responses to the Needham Question, it argues that although Needham’s research boosted the confidence of Chinese in their scientific tradition, the Chinese hunger for modern science is closely associated with nationalism, which is contradictory to the socialist universalism that behind Needham’s intellectual project. / published_or_final_version / English / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Chinese / Master / Master of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Chinese / Master / Master of Philosophy