A notice carried in the Apple Daily depicting people from mainland China as locusts and a Peking University professor’s use of the word dogs to describe people in Hong Kong were among several incidents which brought to global attention conflicting ideologies of national identity and discriminatory practices among certain groups in Hong Kong and mainland China. As newspaper texts ‘constitute a sensitive barometer of sociocultural change’ (Fairclough, 1995, p.52) this dissertation investigated the coverage of these incidents in two Hong Kong papers (the SCMP and the Standard) and two Chinese papers (the China Daily and the Global Times) by analyzing a corpus of 279 texts to find evidence whether the papers reproduce or resist discrimination and/or promote certain ideologies of national identity. To ensure the validity of the study a triangulation of analytical methods was used. This study utilizes approaches to textual analysis from the ‘dialectal-relational’ framework of Critical Discourse Analysis (Fairclough 1993, 2003, 2009; Richardson 2007), corpus linguistics and Conceptual Metaphor Theory (Lakoff and Johnson 1980; Kövecses 2002). The findings show that while there was no overt evidence for conflicting ideologies of national identity or of discrimination toward the general population of Hong Kong or mainland China, all of the papers to some degree appear to discriminate against women from mainland China who come to give birth in Hong Kong. It was concluded from this that to some extent the papers reflect the interests and concerns of the status quo who desire a smooth integration of Hong Kong into mainland China. / published_or_final_version / Applied English Studies / Master / Master of Arts in Applied Linguistics

Culture is commonly viewed as the most significant factor that distinguishes one ethic group from another. Writing is primarily defined as the carrier of culture. Religion is generally conceded to be the important way to convey culture, while culture is primly manifested by religion. Shang Dynasty that started up as a very first dynasty boasts of literary inscription, in the same time, it is discovered to be the earliest era of writing system in existence. All that is attributed to the Oracle Bone Inscriptions unearthed. Hence, Oracle Bone Inscriptions is associated with the culture study of Shang Dynasty. Central to the culture of Shang Dynasty is the religion culture in the sense that Oracle Bone Inscriptions articulates a great deal of records related to religion. Oracle Bone Inscriptions, accordingly, manages to provide abundant and genuine documents and evidences for the purpose of studying the culture of Shang Dynasty. The research aims to focus on the Oracle Bone Inscriptions as a main object of analysis, with the combination of the study of Oracle Bone, history of Shang Dynasty together with anthropology, which intends to explore the characteristics of China’s religion and develop a new definition. The Shang Dynasty is regarded as a period of strengthening religious belief and rituals. The degree of China’s religion ceremony represents itself in a statement of full popularity and development in Shang Dynasty which is implicated by the Oracle Bone Inscriptions, and the worship ceremony is embodied in China’s religion. Through the research, it is concluded that the core belief of China’s religion mainly revolves around ancestor worship and its consciousness; particular religious sites, such as ancestor temples; worship ancestor of genetic connection as well as ancestor of social groups; and belief of ethics and morality. Religion is closely concerned in society construction and nation building; moreover, it exerts a significant influence on Chinese cultures in many aspects. / published_or_final_version / Chinese / Master / Master of Philosophy

(Uncorrected OCR) Abstract Many studies have been conducted in Caucasian populations on the optimal body mass index cut-off for obesity, as well as the relationship between body mass index and percentage body fat and their associations with cardiovascular risk factors. However, few studies of this kind have been conducted in the Hong Kong Chinese population, This research is deemed to be important due to ethnic differences between Asians and Caucasians, Therefore, this dissertation aims to determine any ethnic differences from a sample of the local Hong Kong Chinese population, in order to advance health care policies controlling known cardiovascular risk factors. A total of 800 subjects were randomly selected from a pool of subjects participated in a Hong Kong Cardiovascular Risk Factor Prevalence study conducted in 1994-1996. These subjects were contacted and 453 disease-free subjects (210 males and 243 females) consented to participate in the current study, Data collected included serum and blood pressure measurements, body mass index, percentage body fat measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis, and a self-completed cardiovascular risk factor questionnaire, The mean age of the 453 subjects was 51.64 years (SD=12.3). When obesity was defined as percentage body fat ~ 25 and 2: 30 in males and females respectively, 23 kg/m2 was found to be the optimum cut-off value, with 78% correct classification (95% CI = 69%-87%). The corresponding sensitivity and specificity were 88% (95% CI = 81 %-95%) and 67% (95% CI = 57%-77%) respectively. On the other hand, if obesity was defined as percentage body fat ~ 25 and 2: 35 in males and females respectively, then 25 kg/m2 was found to be the best cut-off value with 82% correct classification (95% CI = 74%-90%). The corresponding sensitivity and specificity were 78% (95% CI = 69%-87%) and 85% (95% Cl = 78%-92%) respectively. Moreover, body mass index was found to be quadratically body fat. The quadratic relationship did not appear two genders, except that the percentage body fat of of females by 9.97 (SE=0.33). Finally, except for total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and fasting glucose, body mass index did not provide any substantial information additional to percentage body fat on serum and blood pressure measurements. was the only measure on which percentage body fat did additional to body mass index. When waist-hip body mass index and percentage body fat,. except for body mass index did not have additional information on measurements when percentage body fat or/and [n conclusion, the optimal body mass index cut-off for obesity in Hong Kong Chinese was lower than the 30kg/m2 recommended by the World Health Organization, a clear reflection of ethnic difference between Asians and Caucasians. The quadratic relationship between percentage body fat and body mass index was similar in Hong Kong Chinese as in Caucasians and Blacks. Moreover, percentage body fat together with waist-hip-ratio were found to be better indicators of cardiovascular risk factors in Hong Kong. This was the first time such findings were found in the Hong Kong Chinese population. II / abstract / toc / Medical Sciences / Master / Master of Medical Sciences

published_or_final_version / Medical Sciences / Master / Master of Medical Sciences

published_or_final_version / Music / Master / Master of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Literary and Cultural Studies / Master / Master of Arts

published_or_final_version / abstract / Chinese / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Education / Master / Master of Education

published_or_final_version / Chinese Historical Studies / Master / Master of Arts

吳瑞卿. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--香港中文大學, 1989. / Manuscript (Reprint of computer reprint) / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 314-324). / Wu Ruiqing. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 1989. / 導論 / Chapter I´Ø --- 選取木魚書作硏究對象的意義 --- p.1 / Chapter 一´Ø --- 作為地方文學的 --- p.1 / Chapter 二´Ø --- 作為俗文學的一種 --- p.2 / Chapter II´Ø --- 本論文的硏究目的 / Chapter A´Ø --- 整理及分析一種地方文學遺産 --- p.2 / Chapter B´Ø --- 以木魚書為例論證俗文學的特徵範圍 / Chapter 一´Ø --- 俗文學研究的回顧 --- p.3 / Chapter 二´Ø --- 俗文學的特徴和領域問題 --- p.7 / Chapter 三´Ø --- 木魚書與俗文學 --- p.8 / Chapter III´Ø --- 木魚書研究在其他方面能提供的貢獻 / Chapter 一´Ø --- 中國相類性質的文學比較硏究 --- p.11 / Chapter 二´Ø --- 中、外通俗文學比較 --- p.11 / Chapter 三´Ø --- 社會發展史研究 --- p.12 / Chapter IV´Ø --- 資料範圍及前人研究回顧 / Chapter A´Ø --- 前人硏究的回顧 / Chapter 一´Ø --- 敘錄及研究 --- p.12 / Chapter 二´Ø --- 文獻筆記 --- p.14 / Chapter 三´Ø --- 短文 --- p.14 / Chapter 四´Ø --- 其他硏究 --- p.14 / Chapter B´Ø --- 本文所用資料範圍 --- p.15 / Chapter C´Ø --- 輔助資料 / Chapter 一´Ø --- 輔助錄音資料 --- p.18 / Chapter 二´Ø --- 殘存曲目 --- p.19 / Chapter D´Ø --- 資料的捜集和處理 / Chapter 一´Ø --- 資料來源 --- p.19 / Chapter 二´Ø --- 資料處理 --- p.20 / Chapter V´Ø --- 硏究的局限 / Chapter 一´Ø --- 資料的限制 --- p.21 / Chapter 二´Ø --- 木魚書年代考証的困難 --- p.22 / Chapter 三´Ø --- 文字與口頭間的距離 --- p.23 / Chapter 第一章 --- 木魚書的體製與源流 / Chapter I´Ø --- 木魚書的體製 / Chapter 一´Ø --- 外型 --- p.24 / Chapter 二´Ø --- 编制 --- p.25 / Chapter 三´Ø --- 出版形式 --- p.27 / Chapter II´Ø --- 《木魚》釋名 / Chapter 一´Ø --- 《木魚》、《木魚書》和《木魚歌》的定義 --- p.29 / Chapter 二´Ø --- 《木魚》名稱的來源 --- p.31 / Chapter III´Ø --- 木魚歌起源的論爭 / Chapter 一´Ø --- 源於踏歌之說 --- p.33 / Chapter 二´Ø --- 源於摸魚歌之說 --- p.34 / Chapter 三´Ø --- 源於蜑歌之說 --- p.36 / Chapter 四´Ø --- 源於江浙彈詞之說 --- p.38 / Chapter 五´Ø --- 源於變文、寶卷之說 --- p.40 / Chapter 六´Ø --- 其他說法 --- p.40 / Chapter IV´Ø --- 木魚書與廣東說唱曲藝的關係 --- p.41 / Chapter 一´Ø --- 木魚曲藝的特徴和源流 --- p.42 / Chapter 二´Ø --- 龍舟曲藝的特徴和源流 --- p.43 / Chapter 三´Ø --- 南音曲藝的特徴和源流 --- p.44 / Chapter V´Ø --- 木魚書的歴史一一發源、興盛與衰落 --- p.45 / Chapter 第二章 --- 木魚書的結構和格式 / Chapter I´Ø --- 句式 / Chapter A´Ø --- 句數 --- p.51 / Chapter B´Ø --- 基本句型及組織 --- p.52 / Chapter 一´Ø --- 句律平仄 --- p.52 / Chapter 二´Ø --- 對句 --- p.53 / Chapter 三´Ø --- 音步節奏 --- p.56 / Chapter C´Ø --- 起式和煞尾 / Chapter 一´Ø --- 起式 --- p.57 / Chapter 二´Ø --- 煞尾 / Chapter D´Ø --- 雜句 --- p.60 / Chapter II´Ø --- 韻式 / Chapter A´Ø --- 韻系 --- p.60 / Chapter B´Ø --- 押韻 / Chapter 一´Ø --- 偶句 --- p.63 / Chapter 二´Ø --- 奇句 --- p.66 / Chapter 三´Ø --- 換韻 --- p.66 / Chapter 四´Ø --- 重覆押韻字 --- p.66 / Chapter III´Ø --- 襯字 --- p.67 / Chapter 一´Ø --- 襯字的作用 --- p.69 / Chapter 二´Ø --- 襯字與曲詞内容 --- p.69 / Chapter 三´Ø --- 襯字的規律 --- p.71 / Chapter 第三章 --- 木魚書的題材與内容 / Chapter I´Ø --- 前人研究的回顧 --- p.78 / Chapter II´Ø --- 故事性木魚書的内容結構 / Chapter A´Ø --- 引首 / Chapter 一´Ø --- 引首的内容 --- p.81 / Chapter 二´Ø --- 引首的作用 --- p.88 / Chapter B´Ø --- 結尾 --- p.88 / Chapter C´Ø --- 故事内容 --- p.90 / Chapter 一´Ø --- 才子佳人戀愛奇緣故事 --- p.92 / Chapter 二´Ø --- 通俗民間歷史故事 --- p.98 / Chapter 三´Ø --- 勸善佛道故事 --- p.106 / Chapter 四´Ø --- 仙凡奇緣故事 --- p.108 / Chapter 五´Ø --- 神怪故事 --- p.110 / Chapter 六´Ø --- 民間公案故事 --- p.112 / Chapter 七´Ø --- 家庭倫理故事 --- p.115 / Chapter III´Ø --- 非故事類木魚書 --- p.119 / Chapter 一´Ø --- 故事摘錦 --- p.120 / Chapter 二´Ø --- 有關婦女生活 --- p.120 / Chapter 三´Ø --- 有關方土習俗和生活 --- p.127 / Chapter 四´Ø --- 勸世文 --- p.128 / Chapter 五´Ø --- 諷剌時弊 --- p.129 / Chapter 六´Ø --- 關懷國是 --- p.133 / Chapter 七´Ø --- 純供娛樂 --- p.134 / Chapter 第四章 --- 木魚書的流行情況及其傳播型態 / Chapter I´Ø --- 木魚書的流行情況 --- p.136 / Chapter 一´Ø --- 現存木魚書的數量 --- p.137 / Chapter 二´Ø --- 同書異名的現象 --- p.138 / Chapter 三´Ø --- 從出版商的數目反映木魚書流行的情況 --- p.139 / Chapter II´Ø --- 木魚書的傳播型態 --- p.142 / Chapter A´Ø --- 傳播方式 / Chapter 一´Ø --- 口頭傳播 --- p.143 / Chapter 1. --- 群眾聚集欣賞藝人的演唱 --- p.143 / Chapter 2. --- 藝人沿門賈唱 --- p.144 / Chapter 3. --- 家庭内的傳唱 --- p.145 / Chapter 4. --- 文人間的酬唱 --- p.146 / Chapter 二´Ø --- 文字傳播 --- p.146 / Chapter B´Ø --- 傳播型態的特色 / Chapter 一´Ø --- 口頭與文字傳播並行 --- p.147 / Chapter 二´Ø --- ¨ёł離口頭傳播的局限 --- p.148 / Chapter 三´Ø --- 橫跨讀書人與民眾的世界 --- p.148 / Chapter III´Ø --- 推廣的概念一一雛型廣告的出現 --- p.149 / Chapter 第五章 --- 木魚書的作者、傳播者和受眾 / Chapter I´Ø --- 社會背景：明清社會階層結構的改變 --- p.153 / Chapter II´Ø --- 木魚書的作者 / Chapter A´Ø --- 作者的類別 --- p.156 / Chapter 一´Ø --- 文人 --- p.156 / Chapter 二´Ø --- 藝人 --- p.158 / Chapter 三´Ø --- 職業编撰人 --- p.159 / Chapter B´Ø --- 作者的創作對象 --- p.159 / Chapter C´Ø --- 作者的創作動機 / Chapter 一´Ø --- 表面動機 --- p.160 / Chapter 二´Ø --- 現實動機 --- p.161 / Chapter 三´Ø --- 潛藏動機 --- p.161 / Chapter III´Ø --- 木魚書的受眾 / Chapter 一´Ø --- 說唱曲藝的觀眾和聽眾 --- p.163 / Chapter 二´Ø --- 憑曲自娛的受眾 --- p.164 / Chapter 三´Ø --- 說唱藝人 --- p.165 / Chapter 四´Ø --- 讀者 --- p.165 / Chapter 五´Ø --- 其他 --- p.166 / Chapter IV´Ø --- 木魚書的傳播者一一出版商和藝人 --- p.166 / Chapter A´Ø --- 出版商 / Chapter 一´Ø --- 出版商的興起 --- p.167 / Chapter 二´Ø --- 木魚書的出版情況 --- p.170 / Chapter 三´Ø --- 木魚書出版商的角色 --- p.171 / Chapter B´Ø --- ¨®Ơ唱藝人 --- p.172 / Chapter V´Ø --- 作者、“守門人´ح和受眾間的關係 --- p.174 / Chapter 一´Ø --- 從商業活動的角度 --- p.174 / Chapter 二´Ø --- 從大眾娛樂的角度 --- p.175 / Chapter 三´Ø --- 從教化的角度 --- p.175 / Chapter 四´Ø --- 矛盾和協調 --- p.176 / Chapter 五´Ø --- 方言與作者、受眾的關係 --- p.177 / Chapter 六´Ø --- 作者、守門人和受眾間關係的特性 / Chapter 1. --- 實用性 --- p.179 / Chapter 2. --- 商業性 --- p.179 / Chapter 第六章 --- 木魚書的思想意識 / Chapter I´Ø --- 前人的論說 --- p.182 / Chapter A´Ø --- 傳统木魚書的思想意識 --- p.183 / Chapter 一´Ø --- 世界觀的構成 / Chapter 1. --- 個人的主體存在 --- p.183 / Chapter 2. --- 世界的主宰 --- p.183 / Chapter 3. --- 人與人、人與社群的關係 --- p.184 / Chapter 二´Ø --- 對生命的觀察與信仰 / Chapter 1. --- 人的無自主性 / Chapter i) --- 天命不可違 --- p.185 / Chapter ii) --- 緣份不可抗拒 --- p.187 / Chapter iii) --- 倫理道德不能拂逆 --- p.189 / Chapter iv) --- 人生如夢 --- p.189 / Chapter 2. --- 人的自主性 / Chapter i) --- 因果報應 --- p.191 / Chapter ii) --- 至誠可以感天 --- p.194 / Chapter 三´Ø --- 木魚書所認同的行為規範與生活態度 / Chapter 1. --- 忠、孝、節、義的觀念 --- p.195 / Chapter 2. --- 妥協、忍耐、不反抗的態度 --- p.197 / Chapter 四´Ø --- 木魚書所隠藏的深層不滿和補償意識 --- p.199 / Chapter 1. --- 對天命不滿的補偾´ؤ´ؤ天的人格化 --- p.199 / Chapter 2. --- 對人倫關係的不滿一´ؤ女性的強化 --- p.283 / Chapter 3. --- 對食官污吏的不滿´ؤ´ؤ清官與皇帝的理想化 --- p.209 / Chapter 4. --- 對禮教道德的不谋´ؤ´ؤ大膽的兩性描寫 --- p.212 / Chapter B´Ø --- 清末民初短篇木魚的思想意識 --- p.214 / Chapter 一´Ø --- 革命及愛國思想 --- p.215 / Chapter 二´Ø --- 社會改革思想 --- p.217 / Chapter V´Ø --- 從木魚書反映人民的鳥托邦世界 / Chapter 一´Ø --- 人民理想中的世界 --- p.219 / Chapter 二´Ø --- 理想世界的構成 --- p.221 / Chapter 三´Ø --- 理想世界的根源 --- p.223 / Chapter 第七章 --- 木魚書的語言和表逹技巧 / Chapter I´Ø --- 正统文學與“民間文學´ح之間的灰色地帶 --- p.226 / Chapter II´Ø --- 木魚書在語言上所出現的特殊現象 / Chapter 一´Ø --- 音字 --- p.227 / Chapter 二´Ø --- 錯別字 --- p.229 / Chapter 三´Ø --- 俗寫字或創新字 --- p.230 / Chapter 四´Ø --- 砌詞就韻 --- p.231 / Chapter III´Ø --- 濃厚的地方色彩 / Chapter 一´Ø --- 方言的運用 --- p.232 / Chapter 二´Ø --- 品物和比喻 --- p.233 / Chapter IV´Ø --- 表逹技巧和語言公式化 --- p.236 / Chapter V´Ø --- 模倣性超越創造性 --- p.240 / 結論 / Chapter I´Ø --- 俗文學及“民間文學´ح研究發展出現的問題 --- p.243 / Chapter II´Ø --- 過去有關俗文學特徴的矛盾 --- p.248 / Chapter 一´Ø --- 傳播方式的問題 --- p.248 / Chapter 二´Ø --- “大眾性´ح與“群體性´ح的問題 --- p.249 / Chapter 三´Ø --- 作者的問題 --- p.250 / Chapter 四´Ø --- “新鮮而未經雕琢´ح的問題 --- p.250 / Chapter III´Ø --- 從木魚書看俗文學的特徴問題 --- p.251 / Chapter 一´Ø --- 民族性和鄉土性 --- p.251 / Chapter 二´Ø --- 進步的抑保守的 --- p.252 / Chapter 三´Ø --- 新鮮的抑模倣的 --- p.253 / Chapter 四´Ø --- 吸收性及融和性 --- p.254 / Chapter 五´Ø --- 勸世與社會認可性 --- p.254 / Chapter IV´Ø --- 木魚書與“商俗文學´ح --- p.255 / Chapter 一´Ø --- 大規模的集體傳播性 --- p.255 / Chapter 二´Ø --- 城市化 --- p.256 / Chapter 三´Ø --- 商業化 --- p.257 / Chapter V´Ø --- 從木魚書研究看俗文學的領域問題 --- p.258 / Chapter VI´Ø --- 從木魚書看俗文學研究的重要性及展望 --- p.263 / 附件目錄 / Chapter A´Ø --- 附表 / Chapter 附表一： --- 現存主要木魚書藏處目錄 --- p.325 / Chapter 附表二： --- 木魚書同書異名表 --- p.346 / Chapter 附表三： --- 木魚書出版商及作者資料表 --- p.349 / Chapter 附表四： --- 失佚原書之木魚書標題表 --- p.366 / Chapter 四A： --- 中山大學風俗硏究室於一九二九年發表所藏廣東唱本目錄 --- p.367 / Chapter 四B: --- 《梁氏所藏所見木魚書敘目》 --- p.371 / Chapter 附表五： --- 廣州共和報1922年至1925年間所刊登南音、龍舟、木魚曲詞目錄 --- p.374 / Chapter B´Ø --- 附錄 / Chapter 附錄一： --- 南音木魚書格律示例 --- p.376 / Chapter 附錄二： --- 龍舟木魚書格律示例 --- p.377 / Chapter 附錄三： --- 三首演唱曲格律示例 --- p.378 / Chapter 附錄四： --- 南音《再生緣》之《上林苑題詩》（唱曲及木魚書比較） --- p.379 / Chapter 附錄五： --- 《客途秋恨》（唱曲及木魚書比較） --- p.381 / Chapter 附錄六： --- 《紅樓夢》之《夢遊太虛》木魚書曲詞 --- p.383 / Chapter 附錄七： --- 《五諫刁妻》木魚書曲詞 --- p.384 / Chapter 附錄八： --- 《賢妻諫賭》木魚書曲詞 --- p.387 / Chapter C´Ø --- 附圓 / Chapter 附圖一： --- 木魚書封面圖 --- p.390 / Chapter 附圖二： --- 木魚書封面圖 --- p.391 / Chapter 附圖三： --- 木魚書的木刻插圖 --- p.392 / Chapter 附圓四： --- 木魚書内文编排圖版例一 --- p.393 / Chapter 附圃五： --- 木魚書内文编排圖版例二 --- p.394 / Chapter 附圖六： --- 粗劣木魚書刻板示例 --- p.395 / Chapter 附圖七： --- 木魚書拼揍成書圖版示例一 --- p.396 / Chapter 附圖八： --- 木魚書拼揍成書圖版示例 --- p.397 / Chapter 附圓九´Ø一： --- 《丁山打雁》、《二度梅》内文圖版 --- p.398 / Chapter 附圖九´Ø二： --- 《生祭李彦貴》、《車龍公子花燈記》内文圖版 --- p.399 / Chapter 附圖九´Ø三： --- 《閨諫瑞蘭》、《朝上鶯歌》内文圖版 --- p.400 / Chapter 附圃九´Ø四： --- 《盤龍寳扇》、《三棄梨花》内文圖販 --- p.401 / Chapter 附画九´Ø五： --- 《金生挑盒》、《梁天來告御狀》内文圖版 --- p.402 / Chapter 附圖九´Ø六： --- 《五諫刁妻》、《考世条》内文圖版 --- p.403 / Chapter 附圖九´Ø七： --- 《鳳儀亭訴苦》、《五弄琵琶》内文圖版 --- p.404 / Chapter 附圔九´Ø八： --- 《梁李爭第一》、《英台回鄉》内文圖版 --- p.405 / Chapter 附圖九´Ø九： --- 《石女嘆五更》、《金橋問卦》内文圖版 --- p.406 / Chapter 附圔九´Ø十： --- 《天九歌》、《蘇娘嘆五更》内文圖版 --- p.407