Submitted by Mario BC (mario@bc.ufrpe.br) on 2018-02-21T12:25:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Priscilla Celes Maciel de Lima.pdf: 624051 bytes, checksum: d9a1b02edcd4c5b2305b916e642bf19e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-21T12:25:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Priscilla Celes Maciel de Lima.pdf: 624051 bytes, checksum: d9a1b02edcd4c5b2305b916e642bf19e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-21 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Among the production systems in aquaculture, the intensive system with bioflocs has been highlighting. Considering the great potential of this system for the cultivation of tilapia, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the addition of microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris) and molasses quantity on the water quality, zootechnical performance, centesimal composition and hematological profile of Nile tilapia fingerlings grown in low salinity (10 g L-1). Fingerlings of Oreochromis niloticus with an average weight of 3.15 ± 0.5g were used, they were distributed in 12 rectangular boxes with an usable volume of 50 liters (0.05 m3) at a density of 680 fish m-3, in a factorial design (addition of microalgae and amount of molasses), making four treatments, being: two of them with molasses in the amount of 30% of the feed offered, BFT-30 (without C. vulgaris) and BFT-C30 (with C. vulgaris), and two with molasses in the amount of 50% of the feed offered, BFT-50 (without C. vulgaris) and BFT-C50 (with C. vulgaris), with three replicates each. The study lasted 70 days, during which time the molasses were added daily and the microalga was inoculated every five days to leave the experimental units in the concentration of 5x104 cell mL-1. At the end, the final weight, final length, specific growth rate, survival, feed conversion factor, protein efficiency rate, water consumption, sedimentation use and hematological profile showed significant differences (p≤0.05) when the effect of the amount of molasses addition was evaluated, as well as the combination of factors. The effect of the level of molasses addition was significant for most variables, while the addition of microalga was significant only for water consumption, planktonic community and mean corpuscular volume. The treatments with lower molasses addition (30%) presented better results, due to the fact that in the treatments with more molasses addition (BFT-50 and BFTC50) higher values of sedimentable solids were found (>50 mL L-1), which probably affected negatively the zootechnical performance of the animals. Therefore, the use of culture systems with bioflocs is a good option for production of Nile tilapia fingerlings, however, it is suggested a low rate of molasses addition in the culture system. / Entre os sistemas de produção aquicola, o sistema intensivo com bioflocos vêm se destacando. Considerando o grande potencial deste sistema para o cultivo de tilápia, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da adição de microalga (Chlorella vulgaris) e da quantidade de melaço na qualidade de água, desempenho zootécnico, composição centesimal e perfil hematológico de alevinos de tilápia do nilo cultivados em baixa salinidade (10 g L-1). Foram utilizados alevinos de Oreochromis niloticus com peso médio de 3,15 ± 0,5g, distribuídos em 12 caixas retangulares com volume útil de 50 litros (0,05 m3) na densidade de 680 peixes m-3, em um delineamento fatorial (adição de microalga e quantidade de melaço), perfazendo quatro tratamentos, sendo eles: dois com melaço na quantidade de 30% da ração ofertada, BFT-30 (sem C. vulgaris) e BFTC30 (com C. vulgaris), e dois com melaço na quantidade de 50% da ração ofertada, BFT-50 (sem C. vulgaris) e BFT-C50 (com C. vulgaris), com três repetições cada. O estudo teve duração de 70 dias, nesse período o melaço foi adicionado diariamente e a microalga foi inoculada a cada cinco dias para deixar as unidades experimentais na concentração de 5x104 células mL-1. Ao final, o peso final, comprimento final, taxa de crescimento específico, sobrevivência, fator de conversão alimentar, taxa de eficiência proteica, consumo de água, uso de sedimentador e perfil hematológico apresentaram diferenças significativas (p≤0,05) quando avaliado o efeito da quantidade de adição de melaço, assim como a combinação dos fatores. O efeito do nível da adição de melaço foi significativo para a maioria das variáveis, enquanto que a adição da microalga foi significativa apenas para consumo de água, comunidade plânctonica e volume corpuscular médio. Os tratamentos com menor adição de melaço (30%) apresentaram melhores resultados, devido ao fato de que nos tratamento com maior adição de melaço (BFT-50 e BFT-C50) encontrou-se maiores valores de sólidos sedimentáveis (>50 mL L-1), que provavelmente afetou negativamente o desempenho zootécnico dos animais. Portanto, a utilização de sistemas de cultivo com bioflocos é uma boa opção para produção de alevinos tilápia, contudo, sugere-se uma baixa taxa de adição de melaço no sistema de cultivo.

Uran kann sowohl durch geogene als auch anthropogene Vorgänge in die Umwelt gelangen. Dazu zählen natürliche Uranerzvorkommen und deren Leaching sowie die Auswaschung von Uran aus den Hinterlassenschaften des ehemaligen Uranerzbergbaus. Die Aufklärung des Verhaltens von Uran in der Geo- und Biosphäre ist für eine Risikoabschätzung des Migrationsverhaltens von Radionukliden in der Umwelt notwendig. Algen sind in der Natur weit verbreitet und die wichtigste Organismengruppe in den aquatischen Lebensräumen. Durch ihre ubiquitäre Verbreitung in der Natur ist ihr Einfluss auf das Migrationsverhalten von Uran in der Umwelt von grundlegendem Interesse z.B. um effektive und wirtschaftliche Remediationsstrategien für Wässer zu entwickeln. Außerdem stehen Algen am Beginn der Nahrungskette und spielen eine wirtschaftlich relevante Rolle als Nahrung beziehungsweise Nahrungsergänzungsmittel. Die Möglichkeit des Transfers von algengebundenem Uran entlang der Nahrungskette könnte eine ernsthafte Gesundheitsgefahr für den Menschen darstellen. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war die quantitative und strukturelle Charakterisierung der Wechselwirkung zwischen Uran(VI) und der Grünalge Chlorella vulgaris im umweltrelevanten Konzentrations- und pH-Wertbereich unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Stoffwechselaktivität. Die in dieser Arbeit erzielten Ergebnisse der Sorptionsexperimente zeigen deutlich den maßgeblichen Einfluss des Stoffwechselstatus von Chlorella auf die Wechselwirkung mit Uran. So kann in Gegenwart von umweltrelevanten Urankonzentrationen eine Remobilisierung von zuvor passiv gebundenem Uran durch die stoffwechselaktiven Algen erfolgen. Die in Abhängigkeit von der Stoffwechselaktivität, der Urankonzentration und dem pH-Wert mit den Algenzellen gebildeten Uran(VI)-Komplexe wurden strukturell mit Hilfe der spektroskopischen Methoden TRLF-, EXAFS- und ATR-FTIR-Spektroskopie charakterisiert. Mittels TEM konnte Uran in Form von 30-70 nm großen nadelförmigen Ablagerungen in der Zellwand der lebende Algenzellen nachgewiesen werden. Die in dieser Arbeit erhaltenen Ergebnisse leisten einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Vorhersage des Migrationsverhaltens von Uran unter umweltrelevanten Bedingungen und der radiologischen Risikobewertung von geogen und anthropogen auftretendem Uran.

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Phytohormone auxin plays an important role in regulating plant development. Directional (polar) cell-to-cell auxin transport creates auxin gradients within plant tissues, which trigger a specific developmental response. The vast majority of available data concerns angiosperms. Lower land plants have been much less explored in this regard, but the important auxin-related mechanisms (including polar auxin transport) are already present in mosses. To uncover the origins of auxin action, one must focus on green algae, especially of clade Streptophyta, which are the direct ancestors of all land plants. In this study, the possible effects of auxins, both native and synthetic, were investigated on two algae: basal, unicellular Chlorella lobophora and advanced, filamentous Spirogyra sp. The latter received comparably more attention, since it belongs to a clade now acknowledged as a sister group to land plants. Chlorella lobophora culture growth was irresponsive to synthetic auxin NAA. The average Spirogyra sp. cell length was, however, changed by auxins at high concentrations. By conducting accumulation assays of radioactively labelled auxins and HPLC analysis, auxin metabolism and transport was investigated in Spirogyra sp. This alga was able to metabolize the plant-native IAA, but not synthetic auxins...

Deux biocapteurs, respectivement fondés sur des cellules de micro-algues et sur la polyphénol oxydase (PPO), sont décrits dans cette étude.<br />Le principe du biocapteur algal repose sur le suivi de l'activité photosynthétique des micro-algues par la mesure de la fluorescence chlorophyllienne. Le mode de culture en continu a été choisi afin d'obtenir des suspensions algales dont l'état physiologique des cellules est stable au cours du temps. Les cellules algales sont immobilisées sur- une membrane en fibre de quartz. Le biocapteur comporte cinq membranes algales. L'utilisation simultanée de cinq souches algales différentes permet d'augmenter la représentativité du signal mesuré d'un point de vue statistique ou écotoxicologique. Chlorella vulgaris a été utilisée lors des étapes d'optimisation et de validation du biocapteur. Le comportement de cinq souches algales a été étudié simultanément en l'absence et en la présence de polluants. <br />Le biocapteur enzymatique est fondé sur l'immobilisation de la polyphénol oxydase dans un film électrogénéré de polymère : le poly(3,4-éthylènedioxythiophène) (PEDT). Il permet la détection directe de composés phénoliques et la détection indirecte d'inhibiteurs de cette enzyme. Les conditions d'élaboration et d'utilisation des bioélectrodes ont été optimisées.<br />Par leur spectre de détection et leur sensibilité, ces deux biocapteurs sont des outils complémentaires. Le biocapteur algal est capable de détecter des concentrations en herbicides anti-PSII inférieures au µg.l-1, tandis que la bioélectrode à PPO détecte les composés phénoliques à des concentrations de l'ordre du µg.l-1.

The aims of this study were to identify Chloroviruses in two different Ontario freshwaters and to determine if the seasonal abundance patterns of Chloroviruses in different environments are similar. Gene fragments nearly identical to cultivated Chloroviruses were obtained from Lake Ontario and a nearby pond at the University of Toronto Mississauga (UTM) and novel Chlorovirus gene fragments were obtained from Lake Ontario. Quantification of these two Chlorovirus genes over several seasons revealed the presence of persistent viruses with different seasonal dynamics suggesting that different Chloroviruses replicate by infecting different hosts. Additionally, patterns of seasonal abundance and timings of peak abundances for individual viruses differed between Lake Ontario and the UTM pond, demonstrating the critical role of the environment in Chlorovirus dynamics. The observation of different Chloroviruses with different seasonal dynamics allows speculation that these viruses and their hosts stably coexist in Ontario freshwater environments.

The aims of this study were to identify Chloroviruses in two different Ontario freshwaters and to determine if the seasonal abundance patterns of Chloroviruses in different environments are similar. Gene fragments nearly identical to cultivated Chloroviruses were obtained from Lake Ontario and a nearby pond at the University of Toronto Mississauga (UTM) and novel Chlorovirus gene fragments were obtained from Lake Ontario. Quantification of these two Chlorovirus genes over several seasons revealed the presence of persistent viruses with different seasonal dynamics suggesting that different Chloroviruses replicate by infecting different hosts. Additionally, patterns of seasonal abundance and timings of peak abundances for individual viruses differed between Lake Ontario and the UTM pond, demonstrating the critical role of the environment in Chlorovirus dynamics. The observation of different Chloroviruses with different seasonal dynamics allows speculation that these viruses and their hosts stably coexist in Ontario freshwater environments.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:32:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5046.pdf: 1658349 bytes, checksum: a29e678386c15bfb307df8abcd53cc26 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-23 / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / Effluents from sewage treatment plants usually have high concentration of inorganic nutrients such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), which can be used for algal growth. Due to this possibility, the use of such wastewater can become a strategy for reducing the cost of microalgae production and/or reduction of costs in sewage treatment plants. This would result in the reduction of coliform bacteria and nutrients thereby improving the quality of effluent to be discharged. This research aimed to monitor the native community of microalgae and coliform bacteria from wastewater produced from anaerobic treatment of municipal sewage. Two bioassays were performed, an aerated and a non-aerated. Five liters samples of the wastewater were incubated in a greenhouse with semi-controlled environment using batch mode. The results showed no significant variation in pH for any of the bioassays. A reduction of 99.9% of colony forming units (CFU/mL) of both total coliforms and Escherichia coli was obtained after short period incubation. The concentrations of nutrients (N and P) decreased in the aerated bioassay, but not in the non aerated one. The growth curve of microalgae community presented an initial adjustment/adaptation phase only in the aerated bioassay, whereas in the nonaerated, microalgae growth was exponential since the beginning of incubation. The microalgae Chlorophyceae Chlorella vulgaris was dominant in the phytoplankton community in both bioassays coming to 99% of the total biomass. In the aerated bioassay, 12 taxa distributed into five classes were present (Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Chrysophyceae, Bacillariophyceae and Euglenophyceae), whereas in the non-aerated, only three classes were identified (Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae and Euglenophyceae), with 6 taxa. We conclude that the anaerobic sewage effluent supported algal growth, mainly the Chlorophyceae Chlorella vulgaris and improved the anaerobic sewage treatment wastewater quality, reducing their potential for eutrophication. We also conclude that effluent aeration is most useful when the objective is the production of microalgae and nutrients reduction. / Os efluentes de estações de tratamento de esgoto apresentam elevada concentração de nutrientes inorgânicos, como nitrogênio (N) e fósforo (P), que podem ser usados para o crescimento algal. Dada à essa possibilidade, o uso desse resíduo pode tornar-se uma estratégia para a redução dos custos de produção de microalgas e/ou abatimento de gastos em estações de tratamento de esgoto. Isso teria como consequência a redução dos nutrientes e de bactérias coliformes no efluente, melhorando assim sua qualidade antes do descarte final. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo principal monitorar a comunidade de microalgas nativas e bactérias coliformes em efluente resultante de tratamento anaeróbio de esgoto municipal. Foram realizados 2 bioensaios, um aerado e outro não aerado em amostras de 5 L incubadas em casa de vegetação com ambiente semicontrolado. Os resultados mostraram que não houve variação significativa do pH para qualquer um dos bioensaios. Detectou-se redução de 99,9% de unidades formadoras de colônias (UFC/mL) tanto de coliformes totais, quanto Escherichia coli. O bioensaio aerado apresentou redução nas concentrações de nutrientes (N e P). A curva de crescimento da comunidade de microalgas apresentou uma fase de adaptação inicial apenas no bioensaio aerado, enquanto que no não aerado, o crescimento foi exponencial desde o início da incubação. Chlorella vulgaris foi a microalga dominante na comunidade fitoplanctônica em qualquer um dos bioensaios (99% do total). No bioensaio aerado, 12 táxons distribuídos em 5 classes algais estiveram presentes (Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Chrysophyceae, Euglenophyceae e Bacillariophyceae), enquanto que no não aerado, apenas 3 classes foram identificadas (Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae e Euglenophyceae), com 6 táxons. Dos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que o efluente de esgoto anaeróbio suportou o crescimento algal, principalmente da Chlorophyceae Chlorella vulgaris, que melhorou a qualidade do efluente, reduzindo seu potencial de eutrofização. Conclui-se ainda que a aeração do efluente é indicada quando se objetiva, além da produção de microalgas, a redução de nutrientes.

Submitted by Emanuel Varela Cardoso (emanuel.varela@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-06-11T23:43:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JOSÉ FRANCIRALDO DE LIMA – TESE (PPGEP) 2016.pdf: 11638647 bytes, checksum: edab69542eea5017c7786eea5cef2ded (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-11T23:43:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JOSÉ FRANCIRALDO DE LIMA – TESE (PPGEP) 2016.pdf: 11638647 bytes, checksum: edab69542eea5017c7786eea5cef2ded (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08 / As microalgas produzem quantidades elevadas de compostos, principalmente lipídeos e açúcares. Quando essas são submetidas a variações de nutrientes podem elevar consideravelmente a concentração desses compostos, os quais são empregados para a produção de alimentos, biocombustíveis, cosméticos e componentes farmacêuticos. Esta pesquisa objetivou realizar o cultivo da microalga Chlorella sp., em fotobiorreator aberto de campo com diferentes concentrações de nutrientes, em seis tratamentos distintos (TC, T1, T2, T3, T4 e T5), secar as biomassas dos diferentes tratamentos e caracterizá-las quanto aos parâmetros físicos, químicos e físicos-químicos, como também construir suas isotermas de adsorção de umidade a 25ºC. A estirpe utilizada neste trabalho foi isolada da barragem da Conceição, localizada na Fazenda Tamanduá, Santa Teresinha, PB, e o meio utilizado foi meio MC. (Medium Chlorella ellipsodea). As características da microalga durante 16 dias de cultivo foram avaliadas com relação ao crescimento celular (peso úmido e peso seco), teor de lipídeos e açúcares totais. De acordo com os resultados verificou-se que a maior produção de biomassa daChlorella sp. em termos de peso seco, foi alcançada nos tratamentos TC, T1, T2 e T5 no 10º dia de cultivo e que com a redução nos tratamentos das concentrações de nitrogênio, fósforo, potássio e ferro houve aumento da síntese de lipídeos; para os tratamentos T3 e T4 o maior peso seco foi atingido no 12º e 16º dias de cultivo, respectivamente. A redução nas concentrações dos elementos nitrogênio, fósforo, potássio e ferro não favoreceru o aumento da produção dos minerais, proteínas, clorofila e feofitina. Os modelos de GAB, Peleg e Oswin podem ser usados para estimar as isotermas de adsorção de umidade, a 25ºC, da Chlorella sp. secas de todos os tratamentos,e foram classificadas como tipo II (TC, T1 e T5) e tipo III (T2, T3 e T4). Diante dos resultados constatou-se que a produção da biomassa da Chlorella sp. apresenta grande potencial de aplicação industrial para a produção de lipídeos e carboidratos com menores concentrações de NPK e ferro, que são os elementos de maior custo na produção de biomassa para aplicações nas áreas de alimentos e energia. / Microalgae produce high amounts of the compounds, mainly lipids and sugars. When these are subjected to nutrient variations can greatly increase the concentration of these compounds, which are used for food production, biofuel, cosmetic and pharmaceutical components. This research aimed to carry out the cultivation of icroalgae Chlorella sp.,Open photobioreactor field with different concentrations of nutrients in six different treatments (TC, T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5), dry biomasses of different treatments and character- them as to the physical, chemical and physical-chemical parameters, but also build their moisture adsorption isotherms at 25 ° C. The strain used in this study was isolated from the Conception dam, located in Tamanduá Farm, Santa Teresinha, PB, and the medium was medium MC. (Medium Chlorella ellipsodea). The microalgae features for 16 days of culture were evaluated with respect to cell growth (wet weight, dry weight), lipid content and total sugars. According to the results it was found that the higher biomass Chlorella sp. in terms of dry weight was achieved in the TC treatment, T1, T2 and T5 on the 10th day of culture and treatments with the reduction in the concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and iron was increased lipid synthesis; for treatments T3 and T4 the highest dry weight was achieved in the 12th and 16th day of cultivation, respectively. The reduction in the concentrations of the elements nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and iron did not favor increased production of minerals, proteins, chlorophyll and pheophytin. The models of GAB, Oswin Peleg and can be used to estimate the moisture adsorption isotherms at 25 ° C, the Chlorella sp. dry all treatments and were classified as Type II(CT, T1 and T5) and type III (T2, T3 and T4). From the results it was found that the production of biomass Chlorella sp. It has great potential forindustrial application for the production of lipids and carbohydrates with lower NPK and ironconcentrations, which are the largest cost component in the production of biomass for applications in the areas of food and energy.

Green algae are quite important primary producers in fresh waters. The genus Chlorella represents one of algae most frequently utilized in algal biotechnologies to produce biomass, using either autotrophic or heterotrophic cultivation systems. It is than exploited as a food supplement for humans or animals. However, particular species within the genus are morphologically indistinguishable and molecular markers should be used to characterize production strains. This work is aimed to molecularly characterize three production strains of Chlorella for patent protection purposes and to specify their phylogenetic and taxonomic position.