• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 30
  • 21
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 1
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 64
  • 64
  • 29
  • 26
  • 11
  • 7
  • 7
  • 7
  • 6
  • 6
  • 6
  • 6
  • 6
  • 6
  • 6
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Subcritical water extraction of functional ingredients and glycoalkaloids from potato peel

Singh, Pushp 06 1900 (has links)
Potato peel, a waste generated from potato processing is a disposal problem. But, it is a good source of phenolic compounds, sugars, and glycoalkaloids. This study examines the subcritical water extraction of phenolics, glycoalkaloids and sugars from potato peel and compares it to conventional solvent extraction. Experiments were conducted in a batch stainless steel reactor at 6 MPa, 2 mL/min and 100 to 240C for 30-120 min. The results revealed that highest recoveries of phenolic compounds (81.23 mg/100 g; fw) and sugars (75 mg/g; fw) were obtained using subcritical water at 180C and 30 min and at 160C and 120 min, respectively. Low content of glycoalkaloids (1.19 mg/100 g, fw) was obtained using subcritical water. The yields of phenolics and sugars using subcritical water were 40 and 45% higher than using a conventional solvent extraction method. Therefore, subcritical water might be a good substitute to organic solvents such as methanol and ethanol to obtain functional ingredients from potato peel. / Food Science and Technology
22

Subcritical water extraction of functional ingredients and glycoalkaloids from potato peel

Singh, Pushp Unknown Date
No description available.
23

Avaliação da atividade neuroprotetora do ácido clorogênico no hipocampo de ratos wistar, submetidos a status epilepticus por lítio-pilocarpina / Evaluation of the neuroprotective activity of Chlorogenic Acid in the Hippocampus of Wistar rats submitted to Status Epilepticus by Lithium-Pilocarpine

Alberth Jonnathan Carreño González 28 November 2016 (has links)
A epilepsia é uma enfermidade, caracterizada por eventos cerebrais paroxísticos auto-sustentados e recorrentes, que apresenta manifestações eletro-clínicas e neuropatológicas únicas, que podem alterar a estrutura e funcionamento do encéfalo, cujas manifestações são diferentes entre si. Afeta cerca de 50 milhões de pessoas no mundo. Modelos animais e ferramentas biológicas são importantes para se entender lesões neuroniais. Sabe-se que logo depois da administração de Li-Pilo em ratos - status epilepticus (SE), inicia-se uma cadeia de eventos neuroquímicos, como a produção de radicais livres,dentre outros, que podem piorar ou perpetuar as crises posteriores. A utilização de agentes antioxidantes, com ação no Sistema Nervoso Central pode significar uma alternativa co-adjuvante na prevenção das epilepsias secundárias, de animais de laboratório e talvez em humanos. Neste trabalho avaliou-se a ação antioxidativa e neuroprotetora do ácido clorogênico (AC), in vivo, em ratos submetidos ao SE. Comparou-se ademais o efeito do AC com o efeito de um antioxidante, o acido ascórbico. Ao tratar os animais com AC (30 mg/kg), houve uma diminuição significativa (50%), [F (7, 40)= 14,42; P < 0,0001], da produção de MDA, importante produto da peroxidação lipídica; assim como uma diminuição significativa (72%), [F (7,40)= 11,26; P < 0,0001], na atividade da SOD, enzima que atua como agente antioxidante endógeno. A ação do AC, diminuindo a concentração de MDA (49%), que é um dos substratos da SOD, levaria a uma menor taxa de SOD (59%). Pensando no que acontece com um fármaco que iniba essa cascata de peroxidação, esses resultados estão de acordo com a literatura, na qual se ressalta que a ação da SOD pode estar diretamente relacionada com a presença do MDA. E o mais importante, constatou-se que o AC (30 mg/kg) protegeu as células hipocampais, ou seja, diminuiu significativamente a perda de células nas regiões CA3 [F (4,25)= 15,55; P < 0,0001] (48%), e no hilus do hipocampo [F (4,25)= 6,276, P<0,0001] (75%). Da mesma forma, houve uma diminuição significativa de neurônios em degeneração (Fluoro Jade C+) na CA3 [F(2,15)= 40,90; P<0,0001]. Podemos concluir que o AC é um eficiente inibidor da proliferaçãode agentes oxidantes, que levam à morte celular, quando comparado com o ácido ascórbico, no hipocampo de ratos Wistar, quando induzido o SE com Li-Pilo. Portanto, sendo neuroprotetor / Epilepsy is a disorder characterized by paroxysmal self-sustained and recurrent brain events, featuring electro-clinical and neuropathological phenomena unique, which may change the structure and functioning of the brain, whose manifestations are different. It affects about 50 million people worldwide. Animal models and are important biological tools for understanding neuronal injury. It is known that soon after the administration of Li-Pilo in rats - status epilepticus (SE), starts a chain of neurochemical events such as the production of free radicals, among others, that may worsen or perpetuate the subsequent seizures. The use of antioxidant agents acting on the central nervous system can alternatively mean a co-adjuvant in secondary preven-tion of epilepsy, laboratory animals and possibly humans. In our study we evaluated the antioxi-dative action and chlorogenic acid (CA) neuroprotective using Litio-Pilocarpine in vivo, in rats. It compared the effects of CA in addition to the effect of an antioxidant, ascorbic acid. By treating the animals with CA (30 mg / kg), a significant decrease in [F (7, 40) = 14.42; P <0.0001], the production of MDA, important product of lipid peroxidation; as well as a significant decrease in [F (7,40) = 11.26; P <0.0001] (50%), the activity of SOD, an enzyme that acts as an endogenous antioxidant. The action of CA, decreasing the concentration of MDA (49%), which is one of the SOD substrates, would lead to a lower rate of SOD (72%). Thinking about what happens to a drug that inhibits this peroxidation cascade, these results are consistent with the literature, in which it points out that the action of SOD can be directly related to the presence of MDA. Furthermore, it was found that the CA (30 mg / kg) protected the hippocampus cells, or significantly decreased cell loss in CA3 [F (4,25) = 15.55; P <0.0001] (59%), and hilus regions of the hippocampus [F (4,25) = 6.276, P <0.0001] (48%). Likewise, a significant reduction in neu-ronal degeneration (Fluoro Jade C +) in the CA3 [F (2,15) = 40.90; P <0.0001] (75%). We con-clude that the CA is an effective inhibitor of the proliferation of oxidizing agents, leading to cell death when compared to the ascorbic acid in the hippocampus of Wistar rats when induced SE with Li-Pilo. However, CA was neuroprotector in this model.
24

Determinação simultânea dos ácidos caféico e clorogênico por fluorencência / Simultaneous determination of cafeic and chlorogenic acids by fluorescence

Palermo, Larissa Trombetta, 1976- 07 June 2006 (has links)
Orientador: Lauro Tatsuo Kubota / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T12:04:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Palermo_LarissaTrombetta_M.pdf: 624816 bytes, checksum: 9227a24ded626786ef64b5defeb77d15 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: O presente trabalho trata da aplicação da fluorescência molecular e de métodos de calibração multivariados, na modalidade PLS-1, para a determinação simultânea de uma mistura dos ácidos cafêico (CA) e clorogênico (CGA), tanto em amostras sintéticas quanto em amostras reais, provenientes de extratos vegetais aquosos da planta Ilex paraguariensis, aproveitando-se o fato de que ambos os compostos apresentam fluorescência intrínseca. O método desenvolvido não requer reagente, sendo apenas necessário o uso de água aquecida para a etapa de extração. Para tanto, planejamentos fatoriais 2 foram aplicados no sentido de se determinar as condições ótimas para a obtenção da maior sensibilidade, analisando para isso os efeitos principais e a presença de fatores de interação. Esse estudo foi feito para cada um dos ácidos separadamente. Foram feitos dois tipos de planejamentos: um relacionado às variáveis instrumentais e outro sobre as variáveis relacionadas à condição da amostra. Porém, a escolha dos níveis e dos fatores a serem utilizados foi feita a partir de experimentos preliminares, observando-se o efeito de nove variáveis sobre o comportamento de emissão de fluorescência, para cada um dos ácidos. As melhores condições de análise permitiram a obtenção de uma resposta linear para CA na faixa de 0,08-11,1 mmol L, a 284 nm de excitação, com limite de detecção (LD) equivalente a 0,02 mmol L e limite de quantificação (LQ) de 0,07 mmol L (r=0,9972, n=7). Para o CGA a faixa linear foi de 0,3-8,5 mmol L, a 330 nm de excitação, com LD=0,07 mmol L e LQ=0,2 mmol L (r=0,9959, n=8). A etapa seguinte consistiu na construção do modelo de calibração para a mistura, utilizando-se diferentes proporções de CA e CGA (1:7,5; 1:9,5; 1:11,5; 1:13,5; 1:17,5). Os espectros das amostras foram obtidos a 284 nm, e a faixa espectral de 380-500 nm foi decomposta utilizando-se PLS-1. Os dados foram centrados na média, utilizando-se validação cruzada, sem transformação derivativa. O número ótimo de componentes principais encontrados foi de 3 (CA) e 5 (CGA), sendo que 48 amostras foram usadas no conjunto de calibração, e 12 amostras no de validação externa. As concentrações previstas e reais apresentaram-se satisfatoriamente correlacionadas (r=0,990007 e 0,997176 para os modelos do CA e CGA), e para ambos os modelos o desempenho da previsão foi avaliado em termos do coeficiente de variabilidade (CV). A quantificação dos ácidos na amostra comercial foi feita utilizando-se os modelos finais obtidos por PLS-1, sendo validada através da adição de padrão, com boas recuperações obtidas (94±5 % e 104±3 %, para CA e CGA, respectivamente) / Abstract: The present work concerns the application of molecular fluorescence and multivariate calibration method, in the PLS-1 modality, for the simultaneous determination of caffeic (CA) and chlorogenic (CGA) acids in synthetic samples and in real samples of aqueous vegetable extracts of Ilex paraguariensis, using the intrinsic fluorescence of both compounds. The developed method just need the use of warm water for the extraction stage and no chemical is required. A factorial design 2 was applied to get the optimized conditions looking for the largest sensitivity, evaluating the main effects and the presence of interaction factors. This study was performed for each one of the analyte separately. They were performed two types of design: one related to the instrumental variables and other on the variables related to the sample condition. However, the choice of the levels and the factors was based on the preliminary experiments, being observed the effect of nine variables on the behavior of fluorescence emission. The optimized conditions allowed to obtain a linear response for CA in the range of 0.08-11.1 mmol L, using a wavelength of 284 nm for excitation, with a detection limit (LD) equivalent to 0.02 mmol L and quantification limit (LQ) of 0.07 mmol L (r=0.9972, n=7). For CGA the linear response range was 0.3-8.5 mmol L, excitation at a wavelength of 330 nm, with a LD=0.07 mmol L and LQ=0.2 mmol L (r=0.9959, n=8). The construction of the calibration model for the rnixture was consisted in different proportions of CA and CGA (1:7.5; 1:9.5; 1:11.5; 1:13.5; 1:17.5). The spectra of the samples were obtained exciting at 284 nm, and recording the spectral range of 380-500 nm. The data were decomposed using PLS-1. The data set was mean centered, being used the cross validation, without derivative transformation. The optimum number of factors was found as 3 (CA) and 5 (CGA), and 48 samples were used in the calibration set, and 12 samples in one validation group. A satisfactory agreement between predicted and experimental concentrations was obtained (r=0.990007 and 0.997176 for the models of CA and CGA), and for both models the prediction performance was evaluated in terms of the variability coefficient (CV). The acids quantification in the commercial sample was carried out using the final models obtained by PLS-1, being validated through the standard addition, with good recoveries (94±5 % and 104±3 %, for CA and CGA, respectively) / Mestrado / Quimica Analitica / Mestre em Química
25

Capacidade desativadora de espécies reativas de oxigênio e de nitrogênio por carotenoides e extrato de maná-cubiu = Scavenging capacity of carotenoids and extract from mana-cubiu against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species / Scavenging capacity of carotenoids and extract from mana-cubiu against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species

Rodrigues, Eliseu, 1983- 20 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Adriana Zerlotti Mercadante / Texto em português e Inglês / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T20:11:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigues_Eliseu_D.pdf: 6784010 bytes, checksum: 5c87585adb4a85d2dd85217c8fee7430 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Neste trabalho foi avaliada a capacidade antioxidante de carotenoides em sistema homogêneo e em lipossomas, de carotenoides microencapsulados e de extratos de maná-cubiu (Solanum sessiflorum) frente às espécies reativas de oxigênio (ROS) e espécies reativas de nitrogênio (RNS) de importância biológica. Devido à insolubilidade de carotenoides em solução tampão, utilizada como meio de reação no conhecido método oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), foi desenvolvido também um novo método para determinar a capacidade de carotenoides de desativarem o radical peroxila (ROO). Em geral, as microcápsulas de goma arábica e de maltodextrina (20 DE) contendo compostos antioxidantes (trolox, -tocoferol, ß-caroteno, apo-8¿-carotenal e apo-12¿-carotenal) foram capazes de desativar as ROS e RNS, sendo a eficiência de desativação influenciada pelo material de parede, pela espécie reativa (ROO, peróxido de hidrogênio (H2O2), radical hidroxila (HO), ácido hipocloroso (HOCl) e ânion peroxinitrito (ONOO-) e pela estrutura do composto antioxidante. Interessantemente, as microcápsulas vazias também foram capazes de desativar as ROS e RNS, sendo as de goma arábica mais eficazes que as de maltodextrina. A incorporação de apo-8¿-carotenal promoveu o maior aumento na capacidade das microcápsulas de desativarem ROS e RNS, variando de 50% a 132% e de 39% a 85% para goma arábica e maltodextrina, respectivamente. Este fato sugere que o apo-8¿-carotenal apresenta o melhor balanço entre a sua localização no interior das microcápsulas e a reatividade frente às espécies reativas. A localização também foi um fator importante na eficiência dos carotenoides desativarem ROS e RNS em lipossomas. Neste sistema, os carotenoides com grupos hidroxila foram geralmente mais potentes na desativação do ROO, HO e HOCl que carotenos, com destaque para a astaxantina, enquanto o ß-caroteno foi mais eficiente na desativação do ONOO-. Para o estudo dos carotenoides em sistema homogêneo foi desenvolvido e validado com sucesso um novo método para avaliação da capacidade de carotenoides de desativarem o ROO, o qual é baseado na perda de fluorescência da sonda ácido 4,4-difluoro-5-(4-fenil-1,3-butadienil)-4-bora-3a,4a-diazo-s-indaceno-3-undecanoico (C11-BODIPY581/591) devido à oxidação pelo ROO, que é gerado pela termodecomposição do azobisisobutironitrila (AIBN). A aplicação deste novo método permitiu o estudo da relação entre a estrutura química de diferentes carotenoides e a capacidade de desativar o ROO. Foi demonstrado que neste sistema os carotenoides são potentes desativadores desta espécie reativa, sendo a eficiência influenciada principalmente pela abertura do anel -ionona e pela extensão do cromóforo. O licopeno foi o mais potente desativador de ROO (8,67 0,74), porém não tão eficiente quanto os carotenoides do maná-cubiu (9,80 0,80). Os compostos bioativos de maná-cubiu foram determinados por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência acoplada aos detectores de arranjo de diodos e espectrômetro de massas (HPLC-DAD-MS/MS). Esta fruta apresentou -caroteno (7,15 g/g) e luteína (2,41 g/g) como carotenoides majoritários. Por fim, o extrato fenólico de maná-cubiu, contendo o ácido 5-cafeoilquínico (1298 g/g) como composto fenólico principal, apresentou grande eficiência em desativar o H2O2 (IC50 = 305 17 g/mL) e o HOCl (IC50 = 13 0,8 g/mL). Os resultados do presente estudo mostram que os carotenoides foram capazes de desativar todas as ROS e RNS de relevância biológica avaliadas neste trabalho, sendo a eficiência de desativação influenciada pela concentração e estrutura química do carotenoide, pelo nível de organização do sistema (homogêneo ou multifásico) e pelo tipo de espécie reativa / Abstract: In the present study, the antioxidant capacity of carotenoids in homogeneous system and in liposomes, of microencapsulated carotenoids and of extracts from mana-cubiu (Solanum sessiflorum) were evaluated against reactive oxygen (ROS) and reactive nitrogen (RNS) species of biological relevance. Due to the insolubility of carotenoids in aqueous buffers, which is used as reaction medium in the well known oxygen radical absorbance capacity method (ORAC), a novel method was also developed to determine the peroxyl radicals (ROO) scavenging capacity of carotenoids. In general, the gum arabic and maltodextrin (20 DE) microcapsules containing antioxidant compounds (trolox, -tocopherol, ß-carotene, apo-8¿-carotenal and apo-12¿-carotenal) were capable to scavenge ROS and RNS. The scavenging efficiency of the microcapsules was influenced by the wall material, the reactive species (ROO, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl radical (HO), hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and peroxynitrite anion (ONOO-) and the structure of the antioxidant compound. Interestingly, the empty microcapsules were also able to scavenge the ROS and RNS, being the gum arabic microcapsules more efficient than the maltodextrin ones. The incorporation of apo-8¿-carotenal resulted in the largest increase in the microcapsules scavenging capacity, varying from 50% to 132% and from 39% to 85% in the gum Arabic and maltodextrin microcapsules, respectively. These findings suggest that the apo-8¿-carotenal presented the best balance between its location in the microcapsules interior and the reactivity against the reactive species. The location was also an important factor influencing the efficiency of carotenoids to scavenge ROS and RNS in liposomes. In this system, the carotenoids with hydroxyl groups were usually more potent ROO, HO and HOCl scavengers than the carotenes, especially astaxanthin, whilst ß-carotene was the most efficient ONOO- scavenger. To study the carotenoids in homogeneous system, a new ROO scavenging assay, based on the loss of fluorescence of the probe 4,4-difluoro-5-(4-phenyl-1,3-butadienyl)-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-undecanoic acid (C11-BODIPY581/591) due to its oxidation induced by ROO generated by the thermo decomposition of azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN), was successfully developed and validated. This new method allowed the establishment of the relationship between the structure of different carotenoids and their ROO scavenging capacity. In this system, carotenoids showed to be potent scavengers of this reactive species, and their scavenging capacity was influenced mainly by the opening of the -ionone ring and by the chromophore extension. Lycopene was the most potent ROO scavenger (8.67 0.74); however, it was not so efficient as the carotenoids from mana-cubiu (9.80 0.80). The bioactive compounds of mana-cubiu were determined by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array and mass spectrometry detectors (HPLC-DAD-MS/MS). The major carotenoids of this fruit were -carotene (7.15 g/g) and lutein (2.41 g/g). Finally, the main phenolic compound found in the phenolic extract from mana-cubiu was 5-caffeoylquinic acid (1298 g/g), which showed to be a good H2O2 (IC50 = 305 17 g/mL) and HOCl (IC50 = 13 0.8 g/mL) scavenger. The results of this thesis showed that the carotenoids are able to scavenge all the evaluated ROS and RNS of biological relevance and that their efficiency depends on the carotenoid structure and concentration, level of organization of the reaction medium (homogeneous or multiphase) and type of reactive species / Doutorado / Ciência de Alimentos / Doutor em Ciência de Alimentos
26

Café = compostos bioativos e capacidade desativadora de espécies reativas de oxigênio e de nitrogênio in vitro = Coffee: bioactive compounds and in vitro scavenging capacity against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species / Coffee : bioactive compounds and in vitro scavenging capacity against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species

Poerner Rodrigues, Naira, 1985- 22 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Neura Bragagnolo / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T05:34:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PoernerRodrigues_Naira_D.pdf: 3009501 bytes, checksum: e0fe161d03b5c7a411b7253878ad1fc2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: No presente estudo foi avaliado o perfil qualitativo e quantitativo de compostos bioativos por HPLC-DAD-MSn e a capacidade antioxidante de bebidas de café e de sementes de café cru de diferentes genótipos frente às principais espécies reativas de oxigênio (ERO) e de nitrogênio (ERN) de relevância biológica. As bebidas de café foram preparadas com café torrado e moído (7 regulares e 3 descafeinados) e com café solúvel (2 regulares e 2 descafeinados), ambos comerciais. Nas bebidas de café foram identificados e quantificados 16 ácidos clorogênicos (ácido 5-cafeoilquínico foi o majoritário), 4 lactonas de ácidos clorogênicos, 2 conjugados de cinamoil-aminoácido, 2 ácidos cinâmicos livres, trigonelina, ácido nicotínico, 5-hidroximetilfurfural, teobromina, teofilina e cafeína. Este é o primeiro trabalho que relata a presença de isômeros do ácido cafeoilferuloilquínico e conjugados de cinamoil aminoácido em bebidas de café solúvel. Em geral, o perfil qualitativo de compostos bioativos foi similar entre as bebidas de café. Por outro lado, foram encontradas diferenças quantitativas destes compostos entre as bebidas de café torrado e moído e de café solúvel, e entre as bebidas de café regular e descafeinado. Estas diferenças provavelmente são devido às diferentes espécies e variedades de café usadas nos blends, bem como, às condições de processamento, especialmente o processo de descafeinização e o processo de elaboração do café solúvel. Apesar desta variação, todas as bebidas de café podem ser consideradas fonte de ácidos clorogênicos e de seus derivados e podem contribuir com a ingestão da vitamina niacina para os consumidores habituais de café. Além disso, as bebidas de café mostraram ser potentes desativadoras in vitro de todas as ERO [radical peroxila (ROO?), radical hidroxila (HO?), peróxido de hidrogênio (H2O2) e ácido hipocloroso (HOCl)] e ERN [óxido nítrico (NO?) e ânion peroxinitrito (ONOO-)] avaliadas. A capacidade das bebidas de café de desativarem o ROO?, o HO?, o NO? e o ONOO- foi relacionada principalmente aos teores de ácidos clorogênicos, enquanto que a capacidade das bebidas de café de desativarem o H2O2 e o HOCl foi relacionada aos teores de compostos escuros formados durante a reação de Maillard. As sementes de café cru foram provenientes de 12 genótipos de café pertencentes a 4 espécies (Coffea kapakata, C. racemosa, três cultivares de C. arabica e sete variedades de C. canephora). O perfil qualitativo de compostos bioativos foi similar entre os genótipos de café. Por outro lado, foram encontradas variações entre os genótipos de café nos teores de ácidos clorogênicos totais (22,9 a 37,9 g/100 g), conjugados de cinamoil-aminoácido (26,5 a 1116 mg/100 g), trigonelina (3,1 a 6,7 g/100 g) e cafeína (3,9 a 11,8 g/100 g), destacando-se a maior concentração de ácidos clorogênicos do C. canephora e do C. kapakata quando comparados ao C. arabica e ao C. racemosa. A capacidade de desativar as ERO e ERN também variou entre os genótipos de café. Os extratos de C. canephora e de C. kapakata foram os mais eficientes na desativação do ROO?, H2O2, HO?, NO? e ONOO-, fato relacionado aos maiores teores de ácidos clorogênicos. Os resultados do presente estudo mostram que as bebidas de café são potentes desativadoras de todas as ERO e ERN de relevância biológica avaliadas, sendo que a eficiência de desativação é influenciada pelo conteúdo de ácidos clorogênicos e de compostos escuros formados durante a reação de Maillard. Além disso, este trabalho indica que o genótipo é uma característica determinante nos teores dos compostos bioativos presentes nas sementes de café cru e que a eficiência dos diferentes genótipos de café de desativarem as ERO e ERN é influenciada principalmente pelos ácidos clorogênicos / Abstract: The present study evaluated the qualitative and quantitative profiles of bioactive compounds by HPLC-DAD-MSn and the antioxidant capacity of coffee brews and of different genotypes of raw coffee seeds against the main reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species of biological relevance. The coffee brews were prepared with commercially available ground roasted coffee (7 regular and 3 decaffeinated) and soluble coffee (2 regular and 2 decaffeinated). Sixteen chlorogenic acids (5-caffeoylquinic acid was the major compound), four chlorogenic acid lactones, two cinnamoyl-amino acid conjugates, two free cinnamic acids, trigonelline, nicotinic acid, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, theobromine, theophylline and caffeine were identified and quantified in the coffee brews. This is the first study that reports the presence of caffeoylferuloylquinic acid isomers and cinnamoyl-amino acid conjugates in soluble coffee brews. In general, the qualitative profile of the bioactive compounds was similar in all the coffee brews. The content of these compounds differed among the brews prepared with ground roasted coffee and soluble coffee and also between the ones prepared with regular and decaffeinated coffee. Such differences can probably be attributed to the different species and varieties of coffee used in the blends, as well as to the processing conditions, especially in the process of decaffeination and soluble coffee processing. Despite this variation, all the coffee brews can be considered sources of chlorogenic acids and derivatives and can contribute to the intake of the niacin vitamin for habitual consumers of coffee. In addition, the coffee brews showed to be potent in vitro scavengers of all the evaluated ROS [peroxyl radical (ROO?), hydroxyl radical (HO?), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hypochlorous acid (HOCl)] and RNS [nitric oxide (NO?) and peroxynitrite anion (ONOO-)]. The capacity of the coffee brews to scavenge ROO?, HO?, NO? and ONOO- was mainly related to the chlorogenic acid content, whilst their capacity to scavenge H2O2 and HOCl was related to the content of browned compounds formed during the Maillard reaction. The raw coffee seeds studied were from 12 coffee genotypes of 4 species (Coffea kapakata, C. racemosa, three cultivars of C. arabica and seven varieties of C. canephora). The qualitative profile of the bioactive compounds was similar among the coffee genotypes. On the other hand, variations were found in the contents of total chlorogenic acid (22.9 to 37.9 g/100 g), cinnamoyl-amino acid conjugates (26.5 to 1116 mg/100 g), trigonelline (3.1 to 6.7 g/100 g) and caffeine (3.9 to 11.8 g/100 g) among the coffee genotypes. The higher chlorogenic acid concentrations in C. canephora and C. kapakata as compared to C. arabica and C. racemosa should be highlighted. The capacity to scavenge ROS and RNS also varied among the coffee genotypes. The C. canephora and C. kapakata extracts were the most efficient ROO?, H2O2, HO?, NO? and ONOO- scavengers, which is related to their high chlorogenic acid contents. The results of the present study showed that coffee brews were potent scavengers of all the evaluated ROS and RNS of biological relevance, and that the scavenging efficiency was influenced by the contents of chlorogenic acid and browned compounds formed during the Maillard reaction. Moreover, this study indicated that the genotype is a determinant characteristic of the content of bioactive compounds present in the raw coffee seeds and that the efficiency of the different genotypes to scavenge ROS and RNS was mainly influence by the chlorogenic acids / Doutorado / Ciência de Alimentos / Doutora em Ciência de Alimentos
27

Prediction of Roasting Degrees and Chlorogenic Acid Concentration of Coffee by NIR Spectroscopy / 近赤外分光法によるコーヒーの焙煎度とクロロゲン酸濃度の推定

Shan, Jiajia 23 March 2015 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第19019号 / 農博第2097号 / 新制||農||1029(附属図書館) / 学位論文||H27||N4901(農学部図書室) / 31970 / 京都大学大学院農学研究科地域環境科学専攻 / (主査)教授 近藤 直, 教授 清水 浩, 准教授 小川 雄一 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DGAM
28

Efeitos dos extratos de erva-mate sobre danos oxidativos e sua relação com anti e co-genotoxicidade

Colpo, Ana Zilda Ceolin 09 August 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Marcos Anselmo (marcos.anselmo@unipampa.edu.br) on 2017-09-27T13:47:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ANA ZILDA CEOLIN COLPO 2017.pdf: 6048240 bytes, checksum: 62bfa1f3557cbe81c077e11ac86b15a3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcos Anselmo (marcos.anselmo@unipampa.edu.br) on 2017-09-27T13:47:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ANA ZILDA CEOLIN COLPO 2017.pdf: 6048240 bytes, checksum: 62bfa1f3557cbe81c077e11ac86b15a3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-27T13:47:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ANA ZILDA CEOLIN COLPO 2017.pdf: 6048240 bytes, checksum: 62bfa1f3557cbe81c077e11ac86b15a3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-09 / O consumo de bebidas a base de erva-mate é parte dos hábitos e costumes de populações do sul do Brasil, Argentina e Uruguai. Seu consumo é um símbolo cultural vinculado à sociabilidade e demonstrações de cordialidade. Aprimorar o conhecimento sobre a associação de seu consumo com a saúde humana pode levar a formulação de paradoxos de grande relevância econômica e social. Assim, esta pesquisa teve como objetivos: i) avaliar a capacidade dos extratos de erva-mate modularem o equilíbrio redox a nível sistêmico em Drosophila melanogaster e em nível de sistema nervoso central (SNC) em ratos; ii) observar como os extratos podem afetar eventos genotóxicos relacionados a perda da heterozigose em asas de Drosophila melanogaster. Dietas acrescidas de colesterol foram usadas como indutoras de danos no estudo com moscas da fruta e imobilização no estudo com animais. Para avaliar a relação do extrato com mutagênese e antimutagênese empregou-se o Teste de Mutação e Recombinação Somáticas (SMART). Além disso, no delineamento experimental deste trabalho projetou-se o uso de extratos (mates) obtidos mimetizando a forma tradicional de consumo, assim nas abordagens com moscas da fruta empregaram-se extratos obtidos por extrações sequenciais. Com animais, por limitações impostas pelo experimento, empregou-se o extrato bruto obtido de forma convencional. Nesta vertente também se incluiu a avaliação dos efeitos do composto majoritário em extratos de erva-mate, o ácido clorogênico (CGA). Os resultados demostram que extratos de erva-mate, em Drosophila melanogaster expostas à dieta hipercolesterolêmica, são capazes de aumentar significativamente a capacidade de resistir a estresse induzido melhorando a homeostase redox. O que foi constatado pela redução dos níveis de produtos da peroxidação lipídica, recuperação da atividade enzimática da glutationa S-transferase (GST) e aumento do tempo de vida dos insetos. Nas regiões cerebrais córtex (CTX), hipocampo (HIP) e corpo estriado (STR) a indução de estresse por imobilização produz danos a lipídeos e proteínas. Mate e CGA foram capazes de atenuar esses prejuízos, demostrando seu potencial de melhorar a resistência a estresse induzido, efeito possivelmente mediado por sua capacidade antioxidante. Para completar, os resultados obtidos para a atividade genotóxica mostraram que mate não induz danos em asas de Drosophila, quer seja por processos mutacionais ou recombinatórios. Dados relativos à avaliação da antigenotoxicidade indicaram que os extratos reduziram a frequência de manchas mutantes em co-tratamento. No entanto, podem apresentar efeitos genotóxicos quando administrados após danos, isto pode ser resultado de sua ação na modulação de funções detoxificantes no organismo, relacionadas principalmente ao citocromo P450 (CYP). Com base em dados da literatura estas informações levam a suposição que compostos fenólicos podem provocar inibição do CYP reduzindo a metabolização e a eliminação de drogas, o que produz acumulação e aumento da toxicidade. Conclui-se, por meio do uso dos diferentes modelos experimentais e das propostas deste estudo, que a erva-mate possui significativa atividade antioxidante e não produz efeito genotóxico per se, mas sua relação com antigenotoxidade e metabolização de xenobióticos precisa ser confirmada por estudos aprofundados nesta abordagem. / The consumption of yerba-mate based beverages is part of the habits of the population from South Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay. Its consumption is a cultural symbol linked to sociability and demonstrations of cordiality. Improving the knowledge about the association of yerba-mate consumption with human health can lead to the creation of great economic and social relevant paradoxes. Thus, this research had as objectives: i) to evaluate the capacity of yerba-mate extracts on modulating the redox balance at systemic level in Drosophila melanogaster and at the central nervous system (CNS) in rats; ii) to observe how the extracts can affect genotoxic events related to heterozygosity loss on Drosophila melanogaster wings. Diets with high cholesterol added were used as damage inducers on the study with fruit flies and immobilization with animals. The Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test (SMART) was used to evaluate the relation of the extract with mutagenesis and antimutagenesis. In addition, in the experimental design of this work, were used extracts (mates) obtained mimicking the traditional form of consumption. Thus, in the approaches with fruit flies, extracts obtained by sequential extractions were used. Because of the limitations imposed by the experiment, the crude extract obtained by the conventional manner was used in the animals. In this strand, the evaluation of the effects of the major compound in yerba-mate extracts, the chlorogenic acid (CGA), was also included. The results showed that yerba-mate extracts, in Drosophila melanogaster exposed to hypercholesterolemic diet, are able to increase significantly the capacity to resist the induced stress, improving the redox homeostasis. This was evidenced by the reduction of the levels of lipid peroxidation products, glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity recovery and increase of the insects’ lifespan. In the brain regions: cortex (CTX), hippocampus (HIP) and striatum (STR), the induction of immobilization stress produces damage to lipids and proteins. Mate and CGA were able to mitigate these damages, demonstrating their potential to improve induced stress resistance. This effect was possibly mediated by its antioxidant capacity. To complete, the results obtained for the genotoxic activity showed that mate does not induce damage in Drosophila wings, either by mutational or recombinant processes. Data for the evaluation of the antigenotoxicity indicated that the extracts reduced the frequency of mutant stains in co-treatment. However, they can present genotoxic effects when given after damage. This may be due to its action on modulating detoxifying functions in the organism, related mainly to the P450 cytochrome (CYP). Based on the literature data, this information lead to the assumption that phenolic compounds may cause CYP inhibition, reducing metabolization and drug elimination, which produces accumulation and increased toxicity. Were possible to conclude, by using different experimental models and the study proposals, that yerba-mate has significant antioxidant activity and does not produce genotoxic effect per se, but its relation with antigenotoxicity and xenobiotic metabolization needs to be confirmed by deepened studies focused on this approach.
29

Avaliação in vitro e in vivo do potencial fotoquimiopreventivo do extrato de Lychnophora salicifolia Mart. e do ácido clorogênico livres e incorporados em lipossomas / In vitro and in vivo photochemoprevent potential evaluation of Lychnophora salicifolia extract and chlorogenic acid free and entrapped in liposomes

Forte, Ana Luíza Scarano Aguillera 26 August 2016 (has links)
A pele possui um grande número de mecanismos de defesa antioxidante. No entanto, a exposição prolongada à radiação ultravioleta (RUV), é capaz de aumentar a concentração de espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROs) provocando um desequilíbrio antioxidante/oxidante. A geração de EROs pode levar ao fotoenvelhecimento e doenças, como o câncer. A administração tópica de antioxidantes é uma maneira eficiente de enriquecer o sistema protetor cutâneo endógeno e, assim, uma estratégia para reduzir os danos oxidativos causados pela RUV à pele. Entretanto, para fornecer a proteção adequada à pele, estas substâncias devem ultrapassar a barreira imposta pelo estrato córneo. O extrato de Lychnophora salicifolia Mart. possui compostos com atividades antioxidante, anti-inflamatória e analgésica, como o ácido clorogênico e a vicenina-2, sendo, portanto, um possível candidato à agente protetor dos danos induzidos pela radiação na pele. Assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o potencial fotoquimiopreventivo deste extrato e do ácido clorogênico, bem como de formulações contendo o extrato e a substância isolada encapsulados em lipossomas. Para atingir tal objetivo, foram realizados experimentos in vitro e in vivo de atividade antioxidante e eficácia fotoquimiopreventiva para comprovação do potencial antioxidante e anti-inflamatório, estudos de liberação e estudos de penetração cutânea das formulações utilizando pele humana e pele de orelha de porco. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que o extrato possui atividade antioxidante in vitro e baixa citotoxicidade. A incorporação do extrato e da substância isolada em lipossomas foi bem sucedida, uma vez que estes demonstraram uma boa estabilidade físico-química e aumentaram a penetração dos compostos na pele de camundongos sem pelos. As formulações contendo lipossomas permitiram que os compostos do extrato e o ácido clorogênico isolado atravessassem o estrato córneo chegando até epiderme e derme na pele humana ex vivo. O acúmulo de partículas nos folículos pilosos parece não exercer influencia neste processo. Os extrato foi capaz de sequestrar EROs intracelulares e evitar a depleção do antioxidante endógeno GSH tanto em cultura de células como nos experimentos in vivo. Também foi observada a inibição in vivo da metaloproteinase de matriz-9 (MMP-9), enzima ativada pela RUV e que tem a capacidade de degradar os componentes da matriz extracelular da pele. Além disso, o extrato apresentou atividade anti-inflamatória superior à do ácido clorogênico, verificada pela diminuição dos níveis de citocinas pró-inflamatórias (IL-1?, IL-6 e TNF-?) e da atividade da enzima mieloperoxidase (MPO) in vivo. Portanto, o extrato parece ser um agente fotoquimiopreventivo promissor para uso tópico e, as formulações desenvolvidas, um sistema viável para liberação destas substâncias na pele. / The skin has several defense mechanisms to avoid oxidant damages. However, a prolonged exposition under ultraviolet radiation (UVR) may increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration causing antioxidant/oxidant imbalance. ROS generation can induce photoaging and skin cancer. Topical administration of antioxidants is an efficient way to fortify the endogenous protection system and to reduce the oxidative damage caused by UVR. Nevertheless, to be effective, these compounds need to pass through the skin barrier imposed by stratum corneum. Lychnophora salicifolia Mart. extract has antioxidant, antiinflammatory and analgesic compounds, such as chlorogenic acid and vicenin-2, and it may be a skin protector agent against UVR damage. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the photochemopreventive potential of this extract and chlorogenic acid, as well as their formulation containing liposomes. In vitro and in vivo tests were performed to prove antioxidant and antiinflammatory activity. Formulation release and skin penetration studies were also carried out in human and porcine ear skin. The results showed that the extract has antioxidant activity in vitro and low cytotoxicity. The extract and the isolated compound were successfully entrapped in liposomes, demonstrating a good physic and chemical stability and increasing the skin penetration in hairless mice. The formulations containing liposomes allowed that the extract compounds and chlorogenic acid passed through the stratum corneum and reached epidermis and dermis in human skin ex vivo. The hair follicle uptake of the particles do not influenced the penetration process. The extract was able to scavenge intracellular ROS and avoid the depletion of the endogenous GSH both in cell culture and in vivo, even as it inhibited matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), enzyme activated by UVR that degrades skin matrix extracellular components. The extract also presented larger antiinflammatory properties than chlorogenic acid, decreasing the cytokines (IL-1?, IL-6 and TNF-?) levels and the mieloperoxidase activity in vivo. Therefore, the results suggest the potential applicability of the extract as a photochemopreventive agent to topical use and the developed formulations seem to be a viable system to release these compounds to the skin.
30

Interactions of food proteins with plant phenolics – modulation of structural, techno- and bio-functional properties of proteins

Mostafa Kamel Abdelfatah, Ali January 2013 (has links)
The phenolic compounds as food components represent the largest group of secondary metabolites in plant foods. The phenolic compounds, e.g. chlorogenic acid (CQA), are susceptible to oxidation by enzymes specially, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and at alkaline conditions. Both enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxidations occur in the presence of oxygen and produce quinone, which normally further react with other quinone to produce colored compounds (dimers), as well as is capable of undergoing a nucleophilic addition to proteins. The interactions of proteins with the phenolic compounds have received considerable attention in the recent years where, plant phenolic compounds have drawn increasing attention due to their antioxidant properties and their noticeable effects in the prevention of various oxidative stress associated diseases. Green coffee beans are one of the richest sources of chlorogenic acids. Therefore, a green coffee extract would provide an eligible food relevant source for phenolic compounds for modification of proteins. The interaction between 5-CQA and amino acid lysine showed decrease in both free CQA and amino acid groups and only a slight effect on the antioxidative capacity depending on the reaction time was found. Furthermore, this interaction showed a large number of intermediary substances of low intensities. The reaction of lysine with 5-CQA in a model system initially leads to formation of 3-CQA and 4-CQA (both are isomers of 5-CQA), oxidation giving rise to the formation of a dimer which subsequently forms an adduct with lysine to finally result in a benzacridine derivative as reported and confirmed with the aid of HPLC coupled with ESI-MSn. The benzacridine derivative containing a trihydroxy structural element, was found to be yellow, being very reactive with oxygen yielding semiquinone and quinone type of products with characteristic green colors. Finally, the optimal conditions for this interaction as assessed by both the loss of CQA and free amino groups of lysine can be given at pH 7 and 25°C, the interaction increasing with incubation time and depending also on the amount of tyrosinase present. Green coffee bean has a higher diversity and content of phenolics, where besides the CQA isomers and their esters, other conjugates like feruloylquinic acids were also identified, thus documenting differences in phenolic profiles for the two coffee types (Coffea arabica and Coffea robusta). Coffee proteins are modified by interactions with phenolic compounds during the extraction, where those from C. arabica are more susceptible to these interactions compared to C. robusta, and the polyphenol oxidase activity seems to be a crucial factor for the formation of these addition products. Moreover, In-gel digestion combined with MALDI-TOF-MS revealed that the most reactive and susceptible protein fractions to covalent reactions are the α-chains of the 11S storage protein. Thus, based on these results and those supplied by other research groups, a tentative list of possible adduct structures was derived. The diversity of the different CQA derivatives present in green coffee beans complicates the series of reactions occurring, providing a broad palette of reaction products. These interactions influence the properties of protein, where they exposed changes in the solubility and hydrophobicity of proteins compared to faba bean proteins (as control). Modification of milk whey protein products (primarily b-lactoglobulin) with coffee specific phenolics and commercial CQA under enzymatic and alkaline conditions seems to be affecting their chemical, structural and functional properties, where both modifications led to reduced free amino-,thiol groups and tryptophan content. We propose that the disulfide-thiol exchange in the C-terminus of b-lactoglobulin may be initiated by the redox conditions provided in the presence of CQA. The protein structure b-lactoglobulin thereupon becomes more disordered as simulated by molecular dynamic calculation. This unfolding process may additionally be supported by the reaction of the CQA at the proposed sites of modification of -amino groups of lysine (K77, K91, K138, K47) and the thiol group of cysteine (C121). These covalent modifications also decreased the solubility and hydrophobicity of b-lactoglobulin, moreover they provide modified protein samples with a high antioxidative power, thermally more stable as reflected by a higher Td, require less amount of energy to unfold and when emulsified with lutein esters, exhibit their higher stability against UV light. The MALDI-TOF and SDS-PAGE results revealed that proteins treated at alkaline conditions were more strongly modified than those treated under enzymatic conditions. Finally, the results showed a slight change in emulsifying properties of modified proteins. / Für die Verbesserung von Nahrungsmitteleigenschaften können Modifikationen an verschiedenen Inhaltsstoffen vorgenommen werden. Beispielsweise werden bereits Proteine miteinander verknüpft und bilden sogenannte „Crosslinks“ oder vernetzte Biomoleküle. Diese werden für die Herstellung fester, viskoelastischer Produkte, die zum Verdicken als auch zum Stabilisieren von Emulsionen oder Schäumen eingesetzt werden, genutzt. Da die Verbraucher sich Zunehmens mit gesundheitsfördernden Lebensmitteln befassen, ist das Einbringen von gesundheitsfördernden Inhaltsstoffen wie z.B. phenolische Verbindungen, immer mehr in den Fokus der Forschung gerückt. Demnach ist das wissenschaftliche Bestreben phenolische Verbindungen in die Vernetzung von Proteinen mit einzubeziehen und deren positive Wirkungen (antioxidativ) auszunutzen, vorteilhaft. Als Phenole werden Verbindungen bezeichnet, die eine oder mehrere Hydroxygruppen am Benzolring aufweisen. Phenole liegen in der Enolform vor, da diese, bedingt durch den Erhalt des aromatischen Benzolringes, energetisch begünstigt ist. Kaffeesäure ist eine Hydroxyzimtsäure und in Kaffeebohnen zu finden. Der am häufigsten anzutreffende Ester besteht aus Kaffee- und Chinasäure. Der einfachste Vertreter ist die Chlorogensäure (5-Caffeoylchinasäure, 5-CQA), die in vielen Pflanzenteilen enthalten ist. Chlorogensäure und ihre Derivate besitzen ebenfalls antioxidative Eigenschaften. Zusätzlich wirken sie auf Enzyme, die an entzündlichen- oder allergischen Reaktion teilnehmen, inhibierend. Während Verarbeitungs- und Lagerungsprozessen können phenolische Komponenten pflanzlicher Lebensmittel mit den Aminosäuren der Proteine in Lebensmitteln reagieren. Solche Reaktionen können die physikalisch-chemischen Eigenschaften von Proteinen verändern und deren ernährungsphysiologische Wertigkeit vermindern. Proteine weisen verschiedene reaktive Seitengruppen (Sulfhydryl-, Hydroxyl-, Aminogruppen) auf, mit denen sie über kovalente und nicht-kovalente Wechselwirkungen mit Phenolen Verbindungen eingehen können. Zu den nicht-kovalenten Verbindungen gehören u. a. Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen, hydrophobe Wechselwirkungen und Ionenbindungen. Phenole (z.B. Chlorogensäuren) können bei Anwesenheit von Sauerstoff enzymatisch bzw. nichtenzymatisch oxidiert werden. Die Reaktionsprodukte (Chinone) bilden anschließend mit reaktiven Thiol- bzw. Aminogruppen von Proteinen Addukte. Die Erfassung dieser verschiedenen Facetten von Interaktionen stellt somit die primäre Forschungsaufgabe im Rahmen dieser Arbeit. Die primäre Aufgabe der vorliegenden Arbeit besteht demzufolge in der Etablierung der Analysen- und der Charakterisierungsmöglichkeiten solcher Wechselwirkungen (Bindung) pflanzlicher Verbindungen bzw. deren Reaktionsprodukten mit Proteinen u.a. über massenspektrometrische Methoden. Da die Wechselwirkung mit Proteinen auch zu Veränderungen der Proteinstruktur führt, können deren funktionelle Eigenschaften auch verändert sein. Dies soll anhand der Messung von isolierten Proteinen die an der Wechselwirkung beteiligt sind, nachgewiesen werden. Anschließend sollen über Docking-Untersuchungen die entsprechenden Bindungsstellen näher charakterisiert werden. Durch die vorliegenden Ergebnisse wurden mögliche Reaktionen von phenolischen Verbindungen mit Proteinen, näher charakterisiert. Es wurde festgestellt, dass die Apfelsorte Braeburn über die höchste PPO- Enzymaktivität beim gleichzeitigen niedrigen CQA Gehalt im Vergleich zu den anderen untersuchten Sorten verfügt. Die PPO/Tyrosinase modulierte Reaktionen zwischen CQA und Lysine wurden in Abhängigkeit der vorherrschenden Bedingungen optimiert und die Reaktionsprodukte analysiert. In dem zweiten Teil wurden solche Reaktionsmöglichkeiten in den Grünen Kaffeebohnen lokalisierte und modelliert. Dazu wurden die sortenabhängige CQA-Zusammensetzung ermittelt und die möglichen Reaktionen mit den Hauptspeicherproteinen des Kaffees dargestellt. Im letzten Teil wurden dann diese Reaktionen mit Molkenproteinen simuliert und Einflüsse auf die Struktur und die funktionellen Eigenschaften erfasst. Die Ergebnisse belegen eine umfangreiche und sehr heterogene Adduktbildung mit den Aminoseitenketten des Lysins und Cysteins. Ein Katalog der unterschiedlichen Reaktionsprodukte wurde erstellt und am Protein modelliert. Die entsprechende Veränderung an die Proteinstruktur wurde experimentell belegt und der Einfluss wurde in den technofunktionelle Eigenschaften (wie die Löslichkeit, Emulgierbarkeit usw.) wiederspiegelt. Ein Anstieg des antioxidativen Potentials der Proteine wurde erreicht und diese so modifizierten Proteine wurden weiter zur Stabilisierung und Produktentwicklung getestet. Die ersten Ergebnisse eröffnen Nutzungsmöglichkeiten der modifizierten Proteine zur Verkapselung von bioaktiven Sekundären Pflanzenstoffen.

Page generated in 0.0457 seconds