Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-02-02Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:34:42Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 sanches_lvc_me_botfca.pdf: 1501068 bytes, checksum: 33abf982eb9dc3cdcc8e1ef196387c98 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / O experimento foi conduzido no período de 22 de novembro de 2007 a 10 de dezembro de 2008 sob túnel plástico com 20 metros de comprimento, 6 metros de largura e 2,5 metros de altura no Departamento de Recursos Naturais/Ciência do Solo na Fazenda Experimental Lageado, pertencente à Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP – FCA) Campus de Botucatu/SP. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito no desenvolvimento da bromélia A. fasciata cultivada em substrato de casca de pinus com saturação por bases de 20 e 40% e da combinação entre duas formas de aplicação da fertirrigação. Aplicou-se a fertirrigação via cisterna (C) e via sistema radicular (SR) nas combinações de 100% C e 0% SR; 75% C e 25% SR; 50% C e 50% SR; 25% C e 75% SR e; 0% C e 100% SR. As plantas utilizadas no experimento foram obtidas por meio de sementes, e foram trazidas do produtor com 300 dias após a semeadura. As plantas foram transplantadas para o vaso plástico (pote) nº 11 após 77 dias da instalação do experimento, do pote 11 para o pote 15 após 176 dias do início do experimento e do pote 15 para o pote 17 após 304 dias. A variação na saturação foi realizada a partir do transplante para pote 11. Os volumes das combinações entre as formas de aplicação da fertirrigação foram determinadas a partir do volume máximo que a planta conseguia reter em sua cisterna em cada fase de cultivo nos diversos recipientes. Foi avaliado a altura de planta, diâmetro da roseta, diâmetro do caule, número de folhas, largura das folhas e o Índice Relativo de Clorofila (IRC), teores de nutrientes e massa seca em folhas, caule, raízes, área foliar, exploração radicular e o grau de inclinação das plantas. O estudo mostrou que plantas cultivadas em substrato com saturação por bases de 20% e que receberam aplicação de solução contendo nutrientes 100% via cisterna ou 75%... / The experiment was lead in the period between november, 22, 2007 and december, 10, 2008 under plastic tunnel with 20 meters of length, 6 meters of width and 2,5 meters of height in the Department of Natural resources/Science of the Soil in the Experimental Farm Lageado, pertaining to the State University São Paulo “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP - FCA) Campus of Botucatu/SP. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect in the development of the bromeliad. A. fasciata cultivated in substrate of rind of pinus with basis saturation levels of 20 and 40% and of the combination between two forms of fertirrigation application. The fertirrigation was applied at cistern (C) and at substrate (S) in the combinations of 100% C and 0% S; 75% C and 25% S; 50% C and 50% S; 25% C and 75% S and; 0% C and 100% S. The plants used in the experiment were obtained through seeding, and had been brought of the producer with 300 days after the seeding. The plants were transplanted for the plastic vase (pot) nº 11 after 77 days of the installation experiment, of the pot 11 for pot 15 after 176 days of the beginning experiment and the pot 15 for pot 17 after 304 days. The variation in the saturation was carried through from the transplant for pot 11. The volumes of the combinations between the forms of application fertirrigation had been determined from the maximum volume that the plant obtained to hold back in its cistern in each stage of culture in the diverse recipient. It was evaluated the height of plant, diameter of the rosette, diameter of stem, leaf number... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Submitted by PAULA CAROLINE SILVA MOURA SILVA MOURA (paulacarol4@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-01-26T21:52:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Paula final.pdf: 2022771 bytes, checksum: a45bbe236ae9ad03b877678876b06785 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by LUIZA DE MENEZES ROMANETTO (luizamenezes@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2017-01-30T15:11:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 moura_pcs_dr_bot.pdf: 2022771 bytes, checksum: a45bbe236ae9ad03b877678876b06785 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-30T15:11:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 moura_pcs_dr_bot.pdf: 2022771 bytes, checksum: a45bbe236ae9ad03b877678876b06785 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-04 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A maturação da cana-de-açúcar do ponto de vista econômico é determinada pelas análises tecnológicas realizadas a partir do caldo extraído dos colmos e os teores obtidos são comparados aos dados de literatura. Diversas variáveis podem auxiliar para estimar a maturação, no entanto, as atualmente usuais são consideradas empíricas, pouco exatas ou trabalhosas. Nota-se que o processo de maturação da cana-de-açúcar influencia na sua morfologia, fisiologia e metabolismo e a detecção ideal seria realizada pela observação de todos estes fatores, além de que, se acompanhados, poderiam auxiliar na distinção prévia do potencial produtivo de novos genótipos, sem necessariamente cultivá-los até o final do ciclo biológico. O objetivo do trabalho foi detectar a maturação da cana-de-açúcar por meio das alterações morfológicas, fisiológicas, enzimáticas e nutricionais em duas variedades de cana-de-açúcar. O experimento foi realizado na Usina da Barra - Grupo Raízen, as avaliações entre março e julho de 2015 e as variedades utilizadas foram a RB855156 (precoce) e a RB92579 (tardia). Avaliou-se a altura de plantas, diâmetro e número de colmos, comprimento e número de entrenós, número de folhas verdes, comprimento e largura da folha +3, área foliar e índice de área foliar, massa da matéria fresca e seca das folhas e colmos, índice SPAD, conteúdo de clorofilas e carotenoides, NDVI, Brix% caldo, pureza, Pol% cana, ATR, ART, teor de fibras, AR, U% e PBU, atividade da SPS, SuSy e das invertases ácidas e neutras do colmo e das folhas e o teor foliar de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, S e B. Para acompanhar e discriminar o período de maturação entre as duas variedades, os dados das análises tecnológicas foram submetidos ao teste de "t" (teste de Student, p < 0,05) entre as variedades e dentro das épocas de estudos. Para determinar quais variáveis estavam associadas à maturação das variedades, realizou-se a correlação de Pearson entre as variáveis morfológicas, fisiológicas, enzimáticas, nutricionais e as variáveis tecnológicas, para cada variedade. A maturação da variedade RB855156 foi detectada através das variáveis morfológicas largura da folha +3, área foliar, índice de área foliar, número de entrenós, as fisiológicas índice SPAD, teor de clorofila a, b, a+b, carotenóides e a atividade enzimática da SuSy no sentido quebra. A variedade RB92579 até a última avaliação, conforme o Brix e pureza do caldo, não havia iniciado o processo de maturação. No entanto, ao compararmos as variáveis fisiológicas, morfológicas e enzimáticas com os atributos tecnológicos, nota-se que as variáveis que foram selecionadas pela análise de correlação foram as mesmas da variedade RB855156, com exceção do índice SPAD e largura da folha +3.As variáveis número de entrenós, diâmetro do colmo, altura de inserção da folha +1, comprimento da folha +3, índice SPAD e número de folhas verdes podem serutilizadas para estimar, por meio de regressões múltiplas, as características tecnológicas Brix% caldo, pureza, umidade, ART, PCC e ATR durante a maturação das variedades estudadas. / The ripeness of sugarcane from the economic point of view is determined by the technological analyzes carried out from the broth extracted from the stalks and the obtained contents are compared to the literature data. Several variables may help to estimate ripeness, however, the current ones are considered empirical, not exact or laborious. The sugar cane ripeness process influences its morphology, physiology and metabolism and the ideal detection would be performed by observing all these factors, and if accompanied, could help in the previous distinction of productive potential of new genotypes, without necessarily growing them until the end of the biological cycle. The objective of this work was to detect the ripeness of sugarcane by means of morphological, physiological, enzymatic and nutritional changes in two sugarcane varieties. The experiment was carried out at the Barra Plant - Raízen Group, evaluations between March and July 2015 and the varieties used were RB855156 (early) and RB92579 (late). The height of plants, length, diameter and number of stalks, length and number of internodes, number of green leaves, length and width of leaf +3, leaf area and leaf area index, fresh and dry matter mass of leaves and stems, SPAD index, chlorophyll and carotenoid content, NDVI, Brix% broth, purity, Pol%, ATR, ART, fiber content, AR, U% and PBU, SPS activity, SuSy and acid and leaf, and leaf contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, S and B. To monitor and discriminate the ripeness period between the two varieties, the data of the technological analyzes were submitted to the test of "T" (Student test, p <0.05) between the varieties and within the study periods. In order to determine which variables were associated with the maturation of the varieties, the Pearson correlation was performed between the morphological, physiological, enzymatic, nutritional variables and the technological variables, for each variety. The maturation of the variety RB855156 was detected through the morphological variables leaf width +3, leaf area, leaf area index, number of internodes, physiological index SPAD, chlorophyll a, b, a + b content, carotenoids and enzymatic activity of SuSy in the sense breaks. The variety RB92579 until the last evaluation, according to the Brix and purity of the broth, had not started the maturation process. However, when comparing the physiological, morphological and enzymatic variables with the technological attributes, it is noticed that the variables that were selected by the correlation analysis were the same of the variety RB855156, except for the SPAD index and leaf width + 3. As The number of internodes, stalk diameter, leaf insertion height +1, leaf length +3, SPAD index and number of green leaves can be used to estimate, by means of multiple regressions, the technological characteristics Brix% broth, purity, Moisture, ART, PCC and ATR during maturation of the studied varieties.

Orientador: Edson Luiz Mendes Coutinho / Banca: Takashi Muraoka / Banca: Valdeci Orioli Júnior / Banca: José Eduardo Corá / Banca: Carolina Fernandes / Resumo: Para obtenção de altas produtividades de milho, é necessário adequado fornecimento de fertilizante nitrogenado à planta. Para isso, é importante saber qual fonte utilizar para evitar perdas por lixiviação e volatilização. Portanto, surgiram no mercado fertilizantes chamados estabilizados que apresentam inibidores de nitrificação e urease. É importante, também, conhecer a época de aplicação desses fertilizantes. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da ureia tratada com inibidores de nitrificação e urease no desenvolvimento da planta e na produtividade de grãos da cultura do milho. O experimento foi realizado no município de Jaboticabal, SP, em Latossolo Vermelho distrófico, textura média, utilizando-se o híbrido Dow 2B710, durante dois anos agrícolas (2013/2014 e 2014/2015). Foram utilizadas quatro doses de N (0, 50, 100 e 200 kg ha-1); três tratamentos da ureia (ureia com inibidor de urease: [N-(N-butil) tiofosfórico triamida] - "NBPT"; ureia com inibidor de nitrificação: (3,4-dimetilpirazol-fosfato) - "DMPP" e; ureia convencional) e duas épocas de aplicação (dose total aplicada na semeadura e; 30 kg ha-1 na semeadura e o restante em cobertura, no estádio fenológico V4). Tratamentos da ureia e épocas de aplicação utilizadas não promoveram diferenças significativas nas variáveis estudadas em relação à ureia convencional. Avaliações do índice de clorofila com clorofilômetro e concentração de N na folha em estádios iniciais podem possibilitar medidas de correção de deficiência... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract; In order to obtain high maize yield, it is required an adequate supply of N fertilizer to the crop. For this, it is important to know what source to use to avoid losses by leaching and volatilization. Thus, fertilizers known as stabilized with nitrification and urease inhibitors have emerged in the market. It is important also to know the application time of these fertilizers. So, aiming to study the effects of urea treated with nitrification and urease inhibitors on plant development and grains yield of maize crop. The experiment was carried out in Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil, in a Haplustox, using the Dow 2B710 hybrid, during two agricultural years (2013/2014 and 2014/2015). Four N rates (0, 50, 100 and 200 kg ha-1); three urea treatments (urea with urease inhibitor: [N-(N-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide] - "NBPT"; urea with nitrification inhibitor: (3,4-dimethylpyrazole-phosphate) - "DMPP" and; conventional urea) and two application times (total rate applied at sowing and; 30 kg ha-1 at sowing and remainder topdressed at developmental stage V4). Urea treatments and application times did not promote significant differences in the variables studied in relation to conventional urea. Evaluation of chlorophyll index with chlorophyll meter and N concentration in the leaf at initial stages may allow deficiency correction measures if low levels are detected / Doutor

Submitted by Caroline Falcao (caroline.rfalcao@ufpe.br) on 2017-05-25T17:17:49Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Dissertação Amanda Yumi Otsuka.pdf: 1257140 bytes, checksum: 4ae2b3d501e90eaac61afd7db72c977e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-25T17:17:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Dissertação Amanda Yumi Otsuka.pdf: 1257140 bytes, checksum: 4ae2b3d501e90eaac61afd7db72c977e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-11 / A plataforma continental de Pernambuco caracteriza-se por possuir um declive suave, ser estreita, rasa, com águas relativamente quentes, elevada salinidade e por apresentar- se quase inteiramente coberta por sedimentos carbonáticos biogênicos. Esse ambiente é afetado pelo aporte continental, atuando como um receptor final de água, materiais e substâncias, que são transportados pelas descargas dos rios. Desta forma, as regiões costeiras são as mais afetadas pela ação antrópica. O presente trabalho apresentou como objetivo analisar a dinâmica da clorofila-a e parâmetros hidrológicos na plataforma continental de Pernambuco adjacente aos rios Jaboatão e Capibaribe. Foram realizadas coletas bimestrais, abrangendo período chuvoso e de estiagem, em um ponto situado na zona estuarina e quatro outros pontos distribuídos na plataforma. Foram analisados vários parâmetros ambientais como clorofila a, profundidade, salinidade, temperatura, oxigênio dissolvido, taxa de saturação do oxigênio, pH, nutrientes inorgânicos (N- amoniacal, nitrito, nitrato, fosfato e silicato), material particulado em suspensão. A pluviosidade foi a forçante física que mais influenciou na maioria dos parâmetros. No rio Jaboatão, a clorofila-a no estuário variou de 2,89 à 34,71 mg.m-3 e na plataforma de 0,21 à 9,67 mg.m-3 . De acordo com a ACP, a clorofila a esteve diretamente relacionada temperatura, taxa de saturação do oxigênio e inversamente com o pH, transparência da água e salinidade. No porto do Recife, a clorofila a variou entre 13,48 à 145,09 mg.m-3 no estuário e na plataforma a de 0,24 à 19,29 mg.m-3 . A ACP mostrou uma relação direta da clorofila-a com o N-amoniacal, fosfato, transparência e inversa com nitrato e material particulado em suspensão. Nas duas áreas estudadas, houve um aumento da biomassa no período de estiagem. Os pontos da plataforma que mais sofreram influência do deságue foram os mais centrais (P3 e P4), devido ao predomínio dos ventos alísios de sudeste. Após análise das duas áreas, observou-se que os estuários encontram-se poluídos e que no porto do Recife a carga de matéria orgânica é bem mais elevada do que o Jaboatão, provocando maior efeito na plataforma adjacente. Em termo de dispersão de pluma dos rios, no porto do Recife a presença do dique de proteção provoca uma certa perturbação no sentido da corrente, limitando esta pluma, para a parte mais costeira, o que não foi observado na área do Jaboatão. / The continental shelf of Pernambuco is characterized by a gentle slope, it is narrow, shallow, almost entirely covered by biogenic carbonate sediments; the water in the area is warm and has a high salinity. This environment is affected by continental input, and acts as a final receptor of water, materials and other substances that are transported by river discharge. Thus, the coastal regions are the most affected by human action. This study aims to analyze the dynamics of chlorophyll-a and hydrological parameters on the inner shelf of Pernambuco adjacent to the Jaboatão and Capibaribe rivers. The samplings were performed bimonthly at one research site on the estuarine zone and four additional sites distributed on the platform, covering the dry and rainy seasons. Various environmental parameters such as chlorophyll-a, depth, salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, oxygen saturation rate, pH, inorganic nutrients (ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate and silicate), and suspended particulate matter were analyzed. Rainfall was the most influent physical forcing to most parameters. In the Jaboatão River, chlorophyll-a ranged from 2.89 to 34.71 mg.m–3 in the estuary; and from 0.21 to 9,67 mg.m-3 at the platform. According to the PCA , the chlorophyll-a was directly related to temperature, oxygen saturation rate and inversely with the pH, water transparency and salinity. In the Port of Recife, chlorophyll-a ranged from 13.48 to 145.09 mg.m-3 in the estuary and from 0.24 to 19.29 mg.m-3 in the inner shelf. The PCA showed a direct relationship of chlorophyll-a with ammonia, phosphate and water transparency an inverse relationship with nitrate and suspended particulate matter. In both studied areas, there was an increase in biomass in the dry season. In the inner platform , The most central sites (P3 and P4) were the most influenced by river discharge, due to the dominance of trade winds from the southeast. After analysis of the two areas, it was observed that the estuaries are polluted and that, in the Port of Recife, the load organic matter is much higher than in Jaboatão causing greater effect on the adjacent platform. In regarding the river’s plume dispersion in the Port of Recife, the presence of the dike causes some disturbance in the direction of the current. The plume is then limited to the most coastal area. This fact was not observed in the Jaboatão area.

Orientadores: Telma Teixeira Franco, Cristiana Maria Pedroso Yoshida / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T06:37:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maciel_ViniciusBorgesVieira_M.pdf: 5300890 bytes, checksum: ec3a873a5ab6ee31375cae1dd06832d3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Embalagem inteligente é uma tecnologia inovadora que permite a comunicação de informações relacionadas à qualidade e segurança do produto envolvendo a incorporação de sensores ou indicadores que produzem um sinal como resposta a qualquer alteração das condições iniciais. No setor de alimentos e fármacos, uma embalagem com barreiras efetivas a gases, umidade e luz não garante a total qualidade do produto, se as condições de temperatura durante o transporte e armazenamento não forem rigorosamente cumpridas. Desta forma, o monitoramento da temperatura, que apresenta efeito significativo nas reações de deterioração, é um fator importante para garantir qualidade e segurança do produto até o consumidor. O objetivo deste projeto foi o desenvolvimento de sistemas indicadores colorimétricos obtidos a partir de filmes de quitosana contendo pigmentos naturais termossensíveis, com potencial para aplicação como material para formação de embalagens inteligentes que comunicam a variação de temperatura. A quitosana é um polímero biodegradável, proveniente de fontes renováveis, capaz de formar filmes flexíveis e resistentes, com barreira efetiva ao oxigênio. Os pigmentos naturais estudados neste trabalho foram clorofila (CLO) e antocianina (ATH), escolhidos por serem de baixa toxidade, termossensíveis e apresentarem diferentes faixas de estabilidade de temperatura. Pigmento natural na concentração de 0,25% (m/m) foi incorporado à suspensão de quitosana (2,0%, m/m). Os efeitos da temperatura (10° a 50°C) e IL (0 a 1000 Lux) foram estudados utilizando um planejamento experimental de duas variáveis, avaliando os paramentos de cor L*, a* e b* e propriedades mecânicas dos filmes. As suspensões de quitosana contendo os pigmentos foram aplicadas como revestimento em superfície de papel cartão formando o sistema filme-papel cartão (FP). A alteração de cor para os filmes e sistema FP foi avaliada após exposição a diferentes temperaturas e IL. Os filmes caracterizaram-se pela homogeneidade, flexibilidade, transparência e fácil manuseabilidade. A variação de cor foi visualmente observada no sistema FP contendo CLO, mudando de verde para amarelo quando submetido a temperaturas acima de 50°C independente da IL e de roxo tendendo ao amarelo no sistema FP contendo ATH, para temperaturas acima de 40°C, sendo a alteração de cor intensificada na presença de IL / Abstract: Intelligent packaging is a technology that brings information related to the quality and safety of products. The system involves sensors or indicators incorporation that produce a signal as a response to any initial change conditions. In food and drug sectors, a packaging with effective barriers to gases, moisture and light no ensure the total product quality if the temperature conditions during transport and storage are not controlled. Temperature monitoring, that shows significant effect on deterioration reactions, is an important factor to guarantee the product integrity. The objective of this work was develop a colorimetric indicator system obtained from chitosan films containing thermal sensitive natural pigments. The potential application is as intelligent material packaging that communicates temperature changes. Chitosan is a biodegradable polymer, obtained from renewable source and has the ability to form flexible and resistant films with an efficient oxygen barrier. Natural pigments chlorophyll (CLO) and anthocyanin (ATH) were chosen due to their low toxicity, thermal sensitivity and stability in different range of temperatures. Pigment (0.25%, w/w) was incorporated to chitosan suspensions (2.0%, w/w). The temperature (10 to 50°C) and luminosity (0 to 1000 Lux) effects were studied using an experimental design with two variables, analyzing the colour parameters L*, a*, b* and mechanicals properties of chitosan films. The chitosan suspensions containing the pigments were applied as coating on card paper surface forming a card paper-film (FP) system. The colour changes of intelligent systems were evaluated after different temperature and luminosities exposition. The films were characterized by homogeneity, flexibility, transparency and handling. The colour change was irreversible and visually observed in the FP system containing CLO from green to yellow when submitted to temperature above 50°C despite the luminosity. For FP system containing ATH the colour change from purple to yellow for temperatures exposition above 40°C, where the colour change was intensified on luminosity presence / Mestrado / Processos em Tecnologia Química / Mestre em Engenharia Química

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are a promising nanomaterial with numerous applications and high level of commercialization. Biomass-mediated AgNP synthesis has emerged as a novel approach for producing AgNPs and microalgal biomasses have been found particularly advantageous. However, few studies have so far focused on microalgae-mediated biosynthesis and the mechanism of AgNP biosynthesis is still elusive. The purpose of this study was twofold: 1) to investigate effects of different parameters on the biosynthesis of AgNPs; 2) to investigate the mechanisms involved in such a bioprocess. It was found that the cell extract of Neochloris oleoabundans prepared by whole cell aqueous extraction (WCAE) in boiling water bath was able to reduce Ag+ to AgNPs. It was further discovered that sonication of algal cells before extraction could enhance the efficiency of cell extraction and enable AgNP biosynthesis using cell extract obtained by disrupted cell aqueous extraction (DCAE) at room temperature. Light was required for AgNP biosynthesis and rainbow tests showed that purple and blue lights were particularly necessary. Based on experimental results, we hypothesize the mechanism of microalgae-mediated AgNP synthesis to be a chlorophyll-mediated reaction, in which chlorophylls are excited upon absorbing photons in the purple and blue spectra and donate electrons to reduce Ag+, the lost electrons are replenished by water-splitting reaction.

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Geography / Douglas G. Goodin / In this research, proximal measurements of hyperspectral reflectance were used to develop models for estimating chlorophyll content in tallgrass prairie at leaf and canopy scales. Models were generated at the leaf scale and then extended to the canopy scale. Three chlorphyll estimation models were developed, one based on reflectance spectra and two derived from derivative transformations of the reflectance spectra. The triangle chlorophyll index (TCI) model was derived from the reflectance spectrum, whereas the first and second derivative indices (FDI and SDI) models were developed from the derivative transformed spectra. The three models were found to be well- correlated with the chlorophyll content measured with solvent extraction. The result indicated that the three models were effective for the leaf scale estimates of chlorophyll content. The three chlorophyll models developed at the leaf scale were further extended to the canopy scale and fine-scale images. The three models were found to be conditionally effective for estimating canopy chlorophyll content. The TCI model was more effective in dense vegetation, and the FDI and SDI models were better in sparser vegetation. This research suggests that the extension of chlorophyll models from the leaf scale to canopy scale is complex and affected not only by soil background, but also by canopy structure and components

Equisetum giganteum L., a giant horsetail, is one of the largest living members of an ancient group of non-flowering plants with a history extending back 377 million years. Its hollow upright stems grow to over 5 m in height. Equisetum giganteum occupies a wide range of habitats in southern South America. Colonies of this horsetail occupy large areas of the Atacama river valleys, including those with sufficiently high groundwater salinity to significantly reduce floristic diversity. The purpose of this research was to study the ecophysiological and biomechanical properties that allow E. giganteum to successfully colonize a range of habitats, varying in salinity and exposure. Stem ecophysiological behavior was measured via steady state porometry (stomatal conductance), thermocouple psychrometry (water potential), chlorophyll fluorescence, and ion specific electrodes (xylem fluid solutes). Stem biomechanical properties were measured via a 3-point bending apparatus and cross sectional imaging. Equisetum giganteum stems exhibit mechanical characteristics of semi-self-supporting plants, requiring mutual support or support of other vegetation when they grow tall. The mean elastic moduli (4.3 Chile, 4.0 Argentina) of E. giganteum in South America is by far the largest measured in any living horsetail. Stomatal behavior of E. giganteum is consistent with that of typical C3 vascular plants, although absolute values of maximum late morning stomatal conductance are very low in comparison to typical plants from mesic habitats. The internode stomata exhibit strong light response. However, the environmental sensitivity of stomatal conductance appeared less in young developing stems, possibly due to higher cuticular conductance. Exclusion of sodium (Na) and preferential accumulation of potassium (K) at the root level appears to be the key mechanism of salinity tolerance in E. giganteum. Overall stomatal conductance and chlorophyll fluorescence were little affected by salinity, ranging from very low levels up to half strength seawater. This suggests a high degree of salinity stress tolerance. The capacity of E. giganteum to adapt to a wide variety of environments in southern South America has allowed it to thrive despite tremendous environmental changes during their long tenure on Earth.

Stormwater ponds (SWPs) are becoming increasingly important due to the negative impacts on flood mitigation and water quality control that results from rapid urbanization. These ponds are not only designed to control the discharge of large precipitation and snow melt events, but also to mitigate the water quality of the retained stormwater. Consequently, improper design and maintenance may lead to hypoxic conditions in SWPs, which result in poor water quality and generation of noxious gases. Riverside South Stormwater Pond II (RSPII) in Ottawa periodically experiences low dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations and subsequently hypoxic conditions at depth in the pond, especially during summer days with less precipitation and winter ice covered periods. Hydrogen sulfide gas (H2S) has been generated and released into the ambient atmosphere during these periods of lesser water quality. Hence, there is a need to understand how DO spatial distribution and seasonal change trigger and affect H2S production. The conventional shallow design criteria of SWPs likely cause these systems to be susceptible to wind conditions. Very few research has demonstrated the correlation between wind-driven hydraulic performance and detained stormwater quality. Hence an understanding of pond-scale mixing generated by wind-induced flow and the subsequent correlation to DO concentrations and stratification in SWPs are important to understanding the water quality and performance of these systems, especially in a wind-induced flow dominated SWPs. The overall research objective is to develop a comprehensive understanding of hypoxic conditions of SWPs and to investigate the impact of wind induced hydraulics on DO seasonal characteristics and the subsequent production of H2S. RSPII was shown to experience lower DO and longer hypoxic conditions than an adjacent reference pond (RSPI) at both non-ice covered and ice covered months. In addition, hypoxia was shown to be initiated at the outlet of RSPII where the depth of the pond was a maximum. Interestingly, chlorophyll-α blooms were observed during ice covered conditions in the study, with synurids, tabellaria, and asterionella being identified as the dominant species. A bottom-mount acoustic Doppler current profiler (aDcp) was used to collect small wind-generated currents in RSPII. The three-dimensional current and DO model produced by MIKE 3 (DHI software) suggests a conclusive result of pond scale mixing produced by wind-driven flow as well as countercurrents near the bed opposite to wind direction. A wind dominated circulation was shown to be generated even with moderate wind speed, and with a higher wind condition pond-scale complete DO mixing was created. The MIKE 3 simulation further provided a comprehensive understanding of the correlation between wind-induced hydraulics and DO concentrations distribution in a shallow stormwater pond. Therefore, this research demonstrates that wind is an essential hydraulic driver in shallow ponds, which also likely affects water quality by initiating pond mixing.

Orientador: Everlon Cid Rigobelo / Banca: Mariana Carina Frigieri Salaro / Banca: Anderson Lange / Resumo: O uso contínuo de fertilizantes minerais na agricultura promove o excesso de nutrientes como fósforo, nitrogênio e potássio o que ocasiona danos ao ecossistema e leva à alteração da microbiota do solo. Além disso, existe uma baixa eficiência das plantas em absorver e utilizar esses nutrientes o que gera perdas da adubação mineral. Neste sentido o uso de bactérias promotoras de crescimento de plantas (BPCP) é uma alternativa promissora para melhorar a eficiência das plantas na utilização dos fertilizantes minerais. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o potencial de dez isolados Bacillus (oito isolados de Bacillus subtilis, um isolado de Bacillus velezensis e um isolado de Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) quanto à sua capacidade de promoção de crescimento na cultura de algodão em condições de vaso em casa de vegetação. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 11 tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os parâmetros avaliados foram altura da planta, massa seca da parte aérea e raiz, teores de clorofila nas folhas, nitrogênio e fósforo na planta e no solo. A massa seca total (parte aérea e raiz) foi maior nos isolados 248 e 290 (B. subtilis), e maiores valores de altura das plantas foram obtidos para o isolado 248. O teor de clorofila nas folhas foi superior nas plantas inoculadas com o isolado 290, indicando que o mesmo foi capaz de aumentar a atividade fotossintética das plantas de algodão. Os teores de nitrogênio na parte aérea e na raiz foram supe... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The continuous use of mineral fertilizers in agriculture promotes the excess of nutrients as phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium in the ecosystems which causes damages and leads to the instability of the soil microbiota. Moreover, a low efficiency of the plants to absorb and use these nutrients causes losses of the mineral fertilization, but the use of plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) is a promising alternative to improve plant efficiency in the use of mineral fertilizers implying in the reduction of its application on the crops. This work aimed to evaluate the potential of ten Bacillus strains (eight of B. subtilis, one of B. velezensis and one of B. amyloliquefaciens) about their capacity to promote growth of cotton seedlings on greenhouse conditions. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with 11 treatments and five replicates. The parameters evaluated were plant height, dry matter of aerial part and root, chlorophyll content in leaves, nitrogen and phosphorus in the plant and soil. The total dry matter (aerial part and root) was higher to the isolates 248 and 290 of B. subtilis, and higher values of plant height were obtained for the isolate 248. The chlorophyll content in leaves was higher in plants inoculated with the isolate 290 what indicates that this isolate was able to increase the photosynthetic activity of cotton seedlings. The nitrogen content in the aerial part and roots was higher at the treatments with the isolates 248 and 290 i... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre