Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-02-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:12:36Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ferrari_r_me_botfm.pdf: 1633942 bytes, checksum: 661f07a6a0fe1c72e7d870e2a8d1b28b (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Estudos mostram a evolução dos marcadores locais e sistêmicos da doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) e sua associação com o prognóstico da doença. No entanto, não identificamos estudos prévios avaliando a evolução desses marcadores em pacientes brasileiros com DPOC. Além disso, a associação entre as modificações dos marcadores da doença e a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde não está clara. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a evolução dos marcadores diagnósticos e prognósticos de pacientes com DPOC e a associação destes marcadores com a mortalidade, exacerbação e modificações na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde no período de três anos. No momento basal foram avaliados 133 pacientes com DPOC leve a muito grave, 15 pacientes (11%) morreram durante o seguimento e 23 pacientes (17%) não foram reavaliados. Portanto, 95 pacientes (72%) foram submetidos às seguintes avaliações no momento basal e após três anos: espirometria, composição corporal, sensação da dispneia por meio da escala Medical Research Council (MRC) e do índice de dispneia basal (BDI), qualidade de vida por meio do Questionário do Hospital Saint George na Doença Respiratória (SGRQ), comorbidades (Índice Charlson), tolerância ao exercício (distância percorrida em seis minutos-DP6) e cálculo do Índice BODE. Após a avaliação inicial, os pacientes ou seus familiares foram contatados a cada três meses para verificar a frequência de exacerbações e óbito. A evolução dos marcadores foi feita por meio do teste T para medidas repetidas. Análise de regressão de Cox foi realizada para identificar os preditores de mortalidade. A associação dos marcadores da doença com a frequência de exacerbação foi avaliada por meio da análise de regressão de Poisson. Análise de regressão logística foi utilizada para avaliar... / Studies show the evolution of local and systemic markers of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and its association with the disease prognosis. However, we did not identify previous studies evaluating the evolution of these markers in Brazilian patients with COPD. In addition, the association between modifications in disease markers and health-related quality of life (HRQL) are unclear. The objective of this study was to verify the evolution of diagnostic and prognostic markers in COPD patients and the association of these markers with mortality, exacerbation and modifications in HRQL over three years. At baseline were evaluated 133 patients with mild to very severe COPD, 15 patients (11%) died and 23 patients (17%) dropped out during the follow-up period. Therefore, 95 patients (72%) underwent following the evaluations at baseline and after three years: spirometry, body composition, dyspnea perception using the Medical Research Council scale (MRC) and the baseline dyspnea index (BDI), quality of life questionnaire by Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), comorbidities (Charlson index), exercise tolerance (six-minute walk distance-6MWD) and the calculate BODE index. After the initial assessment, patients or their relatives were contacted every three months to verify the exacerbations frequency and death. The evolution of the markers was evaluated using the paired t-test. Cox regression analysis was performed to identify mortality predictors. Association of disease markers with exacerbation frequency was assessed by Poisson regression analysis. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the predictors of improvement or worsening of HRQL. After three years of study, there was no change in the values of FEV1 (p=0.23) and BMI (p=0.38). There was a significant worsening... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-10-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:08:19Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 moreira_gl_me_prud.pdf: 458066 bytes, checksum: 0ca2abc500e5cd73db10163c69dbcb12 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Verificar a validade de constructo e reprodutibilidade de uma versão em português do Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire (CRQ, ou Questionário sobre Doenças Respiratórias Crônicas) em pacientes com Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica (DPOC). Métodos: A versão em português do CRQ fornecida pela Universidade de McMaster, detentora dos direitos do questionário, foi aplicada a 50 pacientes portadores de DPOC (32 homens; 70±8 anos; VEF1 47±18% previsto) em dois momentos, com intervalo de uma semana. O CRQ tem 4 domínios (dispnéia, fadiga, função emocional e autocontrole) e foi aplicado em formato de entrevista. O Questionário Saint George na Doença Respiratória (SGRQ), já validado em português, foi utilizado como critério de validação. A espirometria e o teste da caminhada de seis minutos (TC6min) foram realizados para análise das correlações com os valores do CRQ. Resultados: Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre a aplicação e reaplicação do CRQ (p>0.05 para todos os domínios). O coeficiente de correlação intraclasse entre a aplicação e reaplicação foi de 0,98; 0,97; 0,98 e 0,95 para dispnéia, fadiga, função emocional e autocontrole, respectivamente. O coeficiente alfa de Cronbach para os domínios dispnéia, fadiga, função emocional e autocontrole foi de 0,86; 0,78; 0,81 e 0,70 respectivamente... / To verify the construct validity and reproducibility of a Portuguese version of the Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire (CRQ) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: The Portuguese version of the CRQ provided by McMaster University (Hamilton, Ontario- Canada), the holder of the questionnaire copyrights, was applied to 50 patients with COPD (32 men; 70±8 years; FEV1 47±18% of predicted) on two occasions, 1-week apart. The CRQ is composed of 20 questions divided into four domains (dyspnea, fatigue, emotional function, and mastery) and was applied as an interviewer-administered instrument. The Saint George´s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), already validated in Portuguese language, was used as the criterion for validation. Spirometry and the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) were performed to analyze the correlations with the CRQ scores domains. Results: There were no significant differences between test... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Ercy Mara Cipulo Ramos / Banca: José Roberto Jardim / Banca: Dionei Ramos / Resumo: Verificar a validade de constructo e reprodutibilidade de uma versão em português do Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire (CRQ, ou Questionário sobre Doenças Respiratórias Crônicas) em pacientes com Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica (DPOC). Métodos: A versão em português do CRQ fornecida pela Universidade de McMaster, detentora dos direitos do questionário, foi aplicada a 50 pacientes portadores de DPOC (32 homens; 70±8 anos; VEF1 47±18% previsto) em dois momentos, com intervalo de uma semana. O CRQ tem 4 domínios (dispnéia, fadiga, função emocional e autocontrole) e foi aplicado em formato de entrevista. O Questionário Saint George na Doença Respiratória (SGRQ), já validado em português, foi utilizado como critério de validação. A espirometria e o teste da caminhada de seis minutos (TC6min) foram realizados para análise das correlações com os valores do CRQ. Resultados: Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre a aplicação e reaplicação do CRQ (p>0.05 para todos os domínios). O coeficiente de correlação intraclasse entre a aplicação e reaplicação foi de 0,98; 0,97; 0,98 e 0,95 para dispnéia, fadiga, função emocional e autocontrole, respectivamente. O coeficiente alfa de Cronbach para os domínios dispnéia, fadiga, função emocional e autocontrole foi de 0,86; 0,78; 0,81 e 0,70 respectivamente... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: To verify the construct validity and reproducibility of a Portuguese version of the Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire (CRQ) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: The Portuguese version of the CRQ provided by McMaster University (Hamilton, Ontario- Canada), the holder of the questionnaire copyrights, was applied to 50 patients with COPD (32 men; 70±8 years; FEV1 47±18% of predicted) on two occasions, 1-week apart. The CRQ is composed of 20 questions divided into four domains (dyspnea, fatigue, emotional function, and mastery) and was applied as an interviewer-administered instrument. The Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), already validated in Portuguese language, was used as the criterion for validation. Spirometry and the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) were performed to analyze the correlations with the CRQ scores domains. Results: There were no significant differences between test... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Purpose: The aim of the systematic review was to explore the role that anxiety plays in hospital admissions for those with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). The empirical study aimed to examine whether the frequency of COPD related admissions is related to psychological factors (anxiety, depression, catastrophising, and mindfulness), disease severity, perceived disability and demographic factors. It also sought to examine whether cognitive factors (mindfulness and catastrophising) may explain unique variance in predicting anxiety and COPD-related admissions when other relevant factors are controlled for. Methods: The literature was systematically searched for research related to the predictive power of anxiety in relation to COPD related hospital admissions. A postal cross-sectional survey of 54 people with COPD examined the psychological profile of those who are admitted to hospital for COPD, and if mindfulness and catastrophising can predict anxiety and COPD hospital admissions. Correlations and multiple regressions were utilised to explore these hypotheses. Results: Fourteen studies met inclusion criteria for the systematic review, demonstrating mixed results regarding whether anxiety plays a role in COPD related hospital admissions. Findings from the empirical study suggest that a significant relationship exists between disease severity and number of COPD hospital admissions and catastrophising and overall mindfulness predicted 16.3% of variance in COPD hospital admissions (non-significant). Anxiety scores were significantly correlated with breathlessness, depression, catastrophising and mindfulness with catastrophising and mindfulness predicting 22.3% of variance in anxiety (significant). Conclusions: Further research with robust measures of anxiety and hospital utilization are needed to aid our understanding of the role of anxiety in COPD related admissions. Further research is necessary to determine if mindfulness and catastrophising are useful constructs in predicting anxiety levels and hospital admissions in those with COPD. This will help to inform future psychological interventions with this population.

COPD has a profound impact on daily life, yet remains underdiagnosed and undertreated. We set out to develop a brief, reliable, self-scored questionnaire to identify individuals likely to have COPD. COPD-PS™ development began with a list of concepts identified for inclusion using expert opinion from a clinician working group comprised of pulmonologists (n = 5) and primary care clinicians (n = 5). A national survey of 697 patients was conducted at 12 practitioner sites. Logistic regression identified items discriminating between patients with and without fixed airflow obstruction (AO, postbronchodilator FEV1/FVC < 70%). ROC analyses evaluated screening accuracy, compared scoring options, and assessed concurrent validity. Convergent and discriminant validity were assessed via COPD-PS and SF-12v2 score correlations. For known-groups validation, COPD-PS differences between clinical groups were tested. Test-retest reliability was evaluated in a 20% sample. Of 697 patients surveyed, 295 patients met expert review criteria for spirometry performance; 38% of these (n = 113) had results indicating AO. Five items positively predicted AO (p < 0.0001): breathlessness, productive cough, activity limitation, smoking history, and age. COPD-PS scores accurately classified AO status (area under ROC curve = 0.81) and reliable (r = 0.91). Patients with spirometry indicative of AO scored significantly higher (6.8, SD = 1.9; p < 0.0001) than patients without AO (4.0, SD = 2.3). Higher scores were associated with more severe AO, bronchodilator use, and overnight hospitalization for breathing problems. With the prevalence of COPD in the studied cohort, a score on the COPD-PS of greater than five was associated with a positive predictive value of 56.8% and negative predictive value of 86.4%. The COPD-PS accurately classified physicianreported COPD (AUC = 0.89). The COPD-PS is a brief, accurate questionnaire that can identify individuals likely to have COPD.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is the fifth leading cause of death in the United States. COPD is a highly heterogeneous disease, and patients with COPD experience varying degrees of respiratory findings (lung function decline, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema). However, the molecular changes underlying this heterogeneity are not well understood. For my dissertation research I used bronchial airway gene expression to develop a signature of lung function decline, evaluate a molecule for potential anti-COPD properties, and develop a gene expression-based classification of COPD subtypes. Genome-wide gene expression generated from bronchial epithelial brushings of ever smokers with and without COPD were used to identify differences in gene expression associated with the rate of subsequent lung function decline. I validated this lung function decline signature in an independent set of COPD patients and determined that this signature may be driven by changes in the activity of the transcription factor XBP1. I next identified gene expression changes in human derived bronchial epithelial cells (HBECS) when exposed to a potential novel anti-COPD compound. I performed an in silico analysis to determine if these gene expression changes were related to COPD-associated gene expression differences observed in independent datasets of COPD patients. Lastly, I performed unbiased gene expression clustering on bronchial brushings to identify novel molecular COPD subtypes. I then examined these gene expression changes in independent datasets of COPD. Together, these works may lead to better understanding and treatment of COPD. The signature of lung function decline could be used as an intermediary endpoint in studies evaluating COPD therapies, or for patient stratification. Characterizing the relationship between the gene expression changes associated with COPD and those induced by the novel anti-COPD compound helps inform choices around its development as a potential medication. Lastly, the molecular subtypes of COPD may lead to a better understanding of molecular heterogeneity in the pathogenesis of COPD and ultimately more patient-specific treatments that are targeted to these molecular differences. / 2023-05-25T00:00:00Z

Yes / The increasing prevalence and associated cost of treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is unsustainable, and focus is needed on self-management and prevention of hospital admissions. Telehealth monitoring of patients’ vital signs allows clinicians to prioritise their workload and enables patients to take more responsibility for their health. This paper reports the results of a pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT) of Telehealth-supported care within a community-based COPD supported-discharge service. Methods: A two-arm pragmatic pilot RCT was conducted comparing the standard service with a Telehealth-supported service and assessed the potential for progressing into a full RCT. The co-primary outcome measures were the proportion of COPD patients readmitted to hospital and changes in patients’ self-reported quality of life. The objectives were to assess the suitability of the methodology, produce a sample size calculation for a full RCT, and to give an indication of cost-effectiveness for both pathways. Results: Sixty three participants were recruited (n = 31 Standard; n = 32 Telehealth); 15 participants were excluded from analysis due to inadequate data completion or withdrawal from the Telehealth arm. Recruitment was slow with significant gaps in data collection, due predominantly to an unanticipated 60% reduction of staff capacity within the clinical team. The sample size calculation was guided by estimates of clinically important effects and COPD readmission rates derived from the literature. Descriptive analyses showed that the standard service group had a lower proportion of patients with hospital readmissions and a greater increase in self-reported quality of life compared to the Telehealth-supported group. Telehealth was cost-effective only if hospital admissions data were excluded. Conclusions: Slow recruitment rates and service reconfigurations prevented progression to a full RCT. Although there are advantages to conducting an RCT with data collection conducted by a frontline clinical team, in this case, challenges arose when resources within the team were reduced by external events. Gaps in data collection were resolved by recruiting a research nurse. This study reinforces previous findings regarding the difficulty of undertaking evaluation of complex interventions, and provides recommendations for the introduction and evaluation of complex interventions within clinical settings, such as prioritisation of research within the clinical remit.

No / Dear Editor In undertaking studies of palliative care in heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the UK, we identified procedural, conceptual and ethical challenges that may arise from one feature of The End of Life Care Strategy for England.1 The strategy presents the question, ‘Would I be surprised if the person in front of me was to die in the next six months or one year?’ as a prompt to initiate discussion of endof-life care needs and preferences (paragraph 3.23). We believe this question is inappropriate in heart failure and COPD and its use will inhibit the initiation of a palliative care approach with these patients.

Chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) include chronic diseases involving the airways and other structures of the lung. In the current circumstance of Vietnam, people are exposed to numerous risk factors of CRD, such as heavy smoking, high frequency of pulmonary tuberculosis, chronic helminthiasis, allergic factors, migration and urbanization (the last associated with traffic-related pollution). The phenotype diagnoses should take into account the risk factors of each individual besides the clinical features, while the differential diagnoses mostly depend on the available techniques in each healthcare center. Our aim was to improve the differential diagnoses of the 3 most frequent CRDs: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma and COPD – asthma overlap syndrome (ACOS), in Vietnam. In the first part, we evaluated the prevalence of the allergen sensitization among patients with CRD, in regard to the urban and rural area in the South of Vietnam. House dust mites and cockroach droppings were the most frequent sensitizer. Compared with participants born in the urban setting, those born in the rural environment were less frequently sensitized and this protective effect disappeared in the case of migration from rural to urban areas. In the second part, we evaluated skin prick test as a method to screen dust mite sensitization in CRD in southern Vietnam. The data suggested that, in the present circumstance, skin prick test can be used to screen mite sensitization. In the third part, we evaluated the risk of mite sensitization in the native and migrant population, in regard to several environmental factors. Consistently with the hygiene hypothesis, compared to urban, exposure to high endotoxin concentration in rural was a protective factor against allergic sensitization. We reported for the first time that this effect was reversible among the migrants from rural to urban setting in association with lower endotoxin exposure. In the fourth part, we have defined asthma, COPD and ACOS based on clinical symptoms, cumulative smoking and airway expiratory flow with reversibility, on one side, and the age-related of the different phenotypes, on the other side. We hypothesized that the cumulative exposure to noxious particles should increase the age-related prevalence of COPD, while due to the immunosenescence process, the prevalence of IgE-mediated asthma should decrease with age, and ACOS prevalence being not related to age due to the combined mechanisms.  In conclusion, we showed in the South of Vietnam that:1) mites and cockroach allergens were the most frequent sensitizer in chronic respiratory diseases;2) the skin prick test to mite has been validated to screen mite sensitization;3) associated with a reduced level of endotoxin level, migration from rural to the urban setting was a risk factor of mite sensitization in chronic respiratory diseases;4) based on the clinical symptoms, spirometric values, and cumulative smoking, the diagnosis of asthma, COPD and ACOS have been made and their prevalence were 25, 42 and 33%, respectively. / Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques (Médecine) / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2005. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.