OBJECTIVES: This study aims to explore the relationship between central pain amplification and persistent pelvic pain. No previous studies have utilized bimanual pelvic examination findings, in addition to pressure-pain analysis, in an effort to investigate the mechanisms contributing to Chronic Pelvic Pain (CPP) in women with endometriosis. METHODS: Participants included 144 women aged 18-50 years old, diagnosed with CPP and/or surgically-confirmed endometriosis compared to healthy controls. Participants were categorized into four groups, including pain-free endometriosis (Endo Ø Pain), painful endometriosis (Endo + Pain), Chronic Pelvic Pain without endometriosis (CPP Ø Endo), and healthy controls. Pressure-pain Quantitative Sensory Testing (QST) was conducted on all participants to determine levels of pain thresholds. External systemic tenderpoints were assessed utilizing standardized fibromyalgia tenderpoint criteria. A pelvic examination was performed on participants in the gynecological sample in order to assess internal tenderness. One-way ANOVA, chi-square analyses were conducted to assess descriptive variables. Correlation calculations were performed to assess the relationship between pressure-pain thresholds and tenderpoints. Generalized Linear Models (GLM) were conducted to analyze the differences on pressure-pain thresholds and pelvic exam tenderpoints between groups, while controlling for age and number of comorbid chronic pain syndromes (CPS). RESULTS: Endo Ø Pain had a significantly higher stage of endometriosis and were significantly older than the Endo + Pain group. Healthy controls had less external systemic tenderpoints than all patient subgroups. CPP Ø Endo and Endo + Pain had more CPS than healthy controls and Endo Ø Pain. Pelvic exam tenderpoints (r= -0.31, p < 0.01) and systemic external tenderpoints (r = -0.35, p <0.01) were negatively correlated with low pressure-pain threshold. Systemic external tenderpoints were negatively correlated with the high pressure staircase (r= -0.41, p < 0.01), but pelvic exam tenderpoints were not. The GLMs conducted revealed that Endo Ø Pain had significantly higher low pressure-pain threshold compared to both Endo + Pain (difference = 0.57, p < 0.01, CI= 0.12, 1.02) and healthy controls (difference = 0.55, p < 0.05, CI= 0.08, 1.02). The CPP Ø Endo group had significantly lower high pressure-pain threshold scores compared to healthy controls (difference = 0.38, p < 0.05, CI= 0.05, 0.71). The Endo + Pain group also had significantly lower high-pain thresholds as compared to healthy controls (difference= 0.31, p < 0.05, CI= 0.04, 0.58). CPP Ø Endo group had significantly more pelvic tenderpoints compared to Endo Ø Pain (difference = 2.81, p < 0.001, CI = 1.36, 4.27); Endo + Pain group also had significantly more pelvic exam tenderpoints than the Endo Ø Pain (difference= 2.10, p < 0.001, CI = 0.96, 3.24). CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study suggest that pain thresholds, as measured by QST pressure-pain testing, are associated with persistent pelvic pain. CPP Ø Endo and Endo + Pain experienced more systemic tenderness, and more CPS than the Endo Ø Pain group and healthy controls. This indicates that chronic pain, not endometrial lesions, are likely responsible for the development of centralized pain amplification. Although the etiology of endometriosis and CPP is poorly understood, the findings of this study contribute to the idea that central sensitization is associated with the shared underlying pain mechanism in chronic pain syndromes. / 2020-07-03T00:00:00Z

The aim of this thesis is to investigate the prevalence and management of bladder pain syndrome (BPS) amongst women with chronic pelvic pain (CPP) through a series of systematic reviews, a structured survey and primary study. It has been acknowledged that the diagnosis and management of BPS is a contentious subject. The mean prevalence of BPS in women with CPP is 61%. I initially carried out a patient and clinician survey to understand how BPS was being managed in the UK. I found wide variation in diagnostic methods and treatments of BPS used by clinicians and experienced by patients with no obvious consensus. Since we know the predominant complaint in these patients is pain (bladder or pelvic) I used patients with pelvic pain as my cohort. Cystoscopy is no longer used as a diagnostic test for BPS. It is possible to diagnose BPS through a consensus expert panel using symptom-based criteria. This method of deriving a reference standard is demonstrated in the primary study, since no gold standard diagnostic test exists for BPS. A case-control feasibility study was undertaken to investigate the accuracy of a group of urinary symptoms to diagnose BPS. While, neither index test of bladder filling pain or bladder wall tenderness can sensitively diagnose BPS alone, the symptoms of bladder filling pain, urinary frequency, pain on urination and pain on full bladder are a good predictor of the condition. A systematic review assessing the reporting outcomes identified five measures that should be included in studies; pain, urinary symptoms, general 8 wellbeing, quality of life and bladder capacity. Of the 19 treatments used for BPS, the level and strength of evidence ratings overestimated quality compared to the GRADE ratings. BPS can be diagnosed symptomatically but there is variable reporting of outcome measures and poor evidence for treatment effectiveness.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to explore the relationships between preoperative psychosocial factors in relation to postoperative chronic pelvic pain (CPP) in adolescents and young women with endometriosis, which is a significant public health concern. As a pilot sample, there is large need to present preliminary data exploring the biopsychosocial correlates and possible predictors of central sensitization and CPP, which remains non-existent in the realm of adolescents and young adults with CPP secondary to endometriosis. METHODS: Eligible candidates included patients 12-22 years old who were diagnosed with CPP after laparoscopic confirmation of endometriosis. 25 successfully enrolled subjects had pre-surgical information obtained from baseline surveys and underwent a postoperative sensory protocol to assess mechanical allodynia, pressure pain sensitivity, central sensitization, and a self-report measure of pain sensitivity. Correlation calculations were conducted between pre-surgical factors (pain intensity, pain catastrophizing (PCS), and quality-of-life (from SF-36)) and post-surgical factors (pain and sensitivity thresholds as measured by QST and the PSQ) in the subject population as a whole, and in two population subgroups: those exhibiting central sensitization and those who are not. One-way ANOVA calculations and one sample t-tests were conducted to compare differences between cohorts and between abdominal and control sites for various study parameters. RESULTS: 6 of 25 (24%) subjects experienced a wind-up phenomenon during the temporal summation for pain test, serving as a surrogate for central sensitization. The differences in study parameters that this group (+CS) exhibited in comparison to the –CS group, failed to reach significance in all study parameters. Both cohorts exhibited positive correlations between pre-operative disability due to bodily pain (SF-36) and sensitivity of the abdomen, as well as negative correlations between disability due to bodily pain and pressure pain thresholds of the abdomen. The +CS cohort also exhibited a negative correlation between disability due to bodily pain and pinprick pain scores, a positive correlation between role limitations due to physical health (SF-36) and sensitivity of the abdomen, and a positive correlation between pain catastrophizing and sensitivity of the abdomen. As a whole, the subject population had significantly higher levels of catastrophizing than published means. In all cohorts, pressure pain thresholds of the abdomen were significantly lower than the control values, and PSQ-minor scores were significantly higher than published means. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest the importance of pre-operative pain and psychosocial functioning on pain outcomes, particularly when considering subjects presenting with central sensitization, in young women with CPP secondary to endometriosis. The results indicate the need for a larger sample as well as established control values to further explore the relationships between these variables.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to better understand the relationship between psychosocial factors and the development of chronic pelvic pain (CPP) in cases of adolescent endometriosis, specifically mood disorders, pain catastrophizing and quality of life, and to detect the development of central sensitization within this population. METHODS: Eligible candidates were patients between 14 and 22 years old with confirmed diagnosis of endometriosis and chronic pelvic pain who were enrolled in the Women’s Health Study: From Adolescence to Adulthood through the Boston Center for Endometriosis (BCE) and Boston Children’s Hospital. The administration of quantitative sensory testing (QST) to assess mechanical touch perception, pressure pain sensitivity and temporal summation was performed on 48 subjects. Pre-surgical baseline surveys, which included pain catastrophizing and quality of life measures, were obtained from the BCE. Record of diagnosed mood disorder (anxiety/depression) was obtained through medical chart review. Pearson correlations between QST measures, pain catastrophizing, presence of mood disorders or central sensitization and pre-surgical pain scores were conducted. One-way ANOVA calculations, and one sample and paired t-tests were conducted to gain further understanding of these variables as they relate to groups within the cohort. RESULTS: Regarding QST measures, 23 subjects (47.9%) produced a wind-up phenomenon from temporal summation during QST administration, which serves as a surrogate for the presence of central sensitization (+CS). Pressure sensation and pain scores correlated at all test sites (lower and upper abdomen, as well as finger control site) and wind-up phenomenon correlated in the lower and upper abdomen throughout the cohort. For the presence of mood disorders, anxiety and depression were equally distributed across the +CS and –CS groups. Review of pre-surgical pain scores and pain catastrophizing (PCS) within the cohort had significant correlations between pre-surgical pain and PCS subsets of rumination and magnification. PCS total and subset scores also correlated to +CS. One-way ANOVA calculations showed the cohort as a whole presented with clinically significant helplessness. CONCLUSIONS: Results encourage further investigation of the relationship between endometriosis, comorbid conditions, environmental factors and the development of CPP within the adolescent population. More detailed data regarding mental health and documentation of condition progression, as well as establishment of health control values and sample growth are encouraged for the continued progress of this project. / 2020-07-03T00:00:00Z

Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome (CP/CPPS) is a prevalent, refractory pelvic pain condition characterized by pain in the pelvic area and urinary frequency, largely unresponsive to medical interventions. This study used multiple mediations to test the associations of validated pain appraisal and behavioural coping strategies between pain and quality of life. Patients (N = 175) were recruited from tertiary care urology clinics and completed questionnaires. Exploratory factor analyses were conducted on four individual measures (Chronic Pain Coping Inventory, Survey of Pain Attitudes – Control subscale, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and Pain Catastrophizing Scale), then on the empirically derived factors that produced four factors to be used in regression and multiple mediation models: illness-focused behavioural coping, catastrophizing, wellness-focused behavioural coping, and depression. In regressions, CP/CPPS patient symptoms (p < .01), illness-focused behavioural coping (p < .01) and wellness-focused behavioural coping (p < .05) predicted physical quality of life, while catastrophizing (p < .01) and illness-focused behavioural coping (p < .05) predicted mental quality of life. Mediation analyses showed that illness-focused behavioural coping strategies partially mediated the relationship between pain and physical quality of life, whereas catastrophizing and illness-focused behavioural coping strategies both fully mediated the relationship between pain and mental quality of life. These results identify catastrophizing and illness-focused coping as key psychosocial targets for interventions for patient quality of life in CP/CPPS. / Thesis (Master, Psychology) -- Queen's University, 2013-08-27 17:07:11.853

A dor pélvica crônica é uma condição comum e debilitante, com etiologia complexa e pouco compreendida, usualmente resultante da interação de vários sistemas. Talvez por isso, mesmo após muita investigação, seja diagnosticada com dificuldade. Ademais, frequentemente, o tratamento limita-se ao alívio temporário e insatisfatório dos sintomas. A condição pode comprometer a capacidade para executar determinadas tarefas físicas, seja pela própria dor, pelo medo de apresentarem dor, pelos sintomas depressivos ou ansiosos, ou mesmo pelas limitações autonômicas apresentadas. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o desempenho físico de mulheres com dor pélvica crônica e identificar as variáveis clínicas associadas. Foram incluídas 162 mulheres, 81 portadoras de dor pélvica crônica atendidas no ambulatório especializado do HC-FMRP-USP e 81 mulheres saudáveis recrutadas entre as acompanhantes das pacientes. Foram realizados os testes de Caminhada de 6 minutos, de Alcance Funcional, Sentar e Levantar e, Pegar a Caneta. Todos os instrumentos utilizados foram traduzidos e validados para aplicação no Brasil. O projeto, juntamente com o termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido, foi aprovado no CEP-HC-FMRPUSP. Houve diferença estatística (p> 0,01) em todos os testes de performance. A média (± desvio padrão) nos testes, no grupo saudável e dor pélvica crônica, respectivamente, foram: 36,35 cm (±5,8) e 32,40 cm (±6,8) no teste de alcance funcional, 10,00 s (±2,0) e 13,46 s (±6,0) no teste de sentar e levantar, 2,50 s (±0,5) e 3,51 s (±1,7) no teste de pegar a caneta, e 536,97 m (±47,5) e 487,36 m (±65,8) no teste de caminhada de 6 minutos. O estudo demonstrou, portanto, que as mulheres com dor pélvica crônica possuem desempenho físico inferior ao de mulheres saudáveis e que este está independentemente associado com a cinesiofobia e a própria dor pélvica crônica e, eventualmente, com sintomas depressivos e com a qualidade de vida / Chronic pelvic pain is a common and debilitating condition, with complex and poorly understood etiology, usually resulting from the interaction of multiple systems. Maybe that is why, even after much research, is diagnosed with difficulty. Moreover, treatment is often limited to temporary and unsatisfactory relief of symptoms. The condition can compromise the ability to perform certain physical tasks, either by own pain, fear of pain, depressive or anxiety symptoms, or even by the autonomic limitations presented. The aim of the study was to evaluate the physical performance of women with chronic pelvic pain. Four physical performance tests (Functional Reach test; Sit-toStand test; Pen pick up test and 6-minute walk test) were conducted with 162 women, 81 with chronic pelvic pain treated at specialized clinics of the HC-FMRP-USP and 81 healthy women recruited from the caregivers. All instruments were validated and translated for Brazilian application. The project, along with the free and informed consent form was approved at the CEPHC-FMRP-USP. There was a statistical difference (p> 0.01) in all of the performance tests. The average (± standard deviation), in healthy group and chronic pelvic pain respectively, was: 36.35 cm (±5.8) and 32.40 cm (±6.8) in the functional reach test, 10.00 sec (±2.0) and 13.46 sec (±6.0) in the sit-to-stand test, 2.50 sec (±0.5) and 3.51 sec (±1.7) in the pen pick up test, 536.97 m (±47.5) and 487.36 m (±65.8) in the 6-minute walk test. The study showed, therefore, that women with chronic pelvic pain have lower physical performance than healthy women and that it is independently associated with kinesiophobia and with chronic pelvic pain and, eventually, with depressive symptoms and quality of life

Dor pélvica crônica é comumente descrita como uma dor contínua ou intermitente na pelve anatômica ou parede abdominal anterior, em nível ou inferior ao umbigo que dura pelo menos seis meses, e é suficiente severa para causar incapacidade funcional ou para levar a procura de cuidados. A etiologia não é clara, e resulta numa complexa interação entre os sistemas gastrointestinal, urinário, ginecológico, músculo-esquelético, neurológico e endócrino, influenciado ainda por fatores psicológicos e socioculturais. O exercício físico tem sido descrito como um ótimo meio para tratar doenças crônicas músculo-esqueléticas, viscerais e neuronais. Existem vários indícios que o exercício físico, tanto aeróbio quanto anaeróbio promovem aumento do limiar de dor em pacientes com dor crônica. O objetivo deste estudo foi inserir o exercício de resistência de força em 21 mulheres com dor pélvica crônica e 21 mulheres saudáveis (grupo controle), para saber se por meio do mesmo era possível aumentar o limiar de dor (diminuir a dor), e se existia alguma relação entre o limiar de dor e os parâmetros cardiovasculares. O exercício selecionado foi a máquina \"cadeira extensora\", sendo feito quatro séries de quinze repetições com pausa de um minuto entre cada série, com duração de dez minutos no total. Após a fase de adaptação, a intensidade do treinamento foi de 40% de 9 repetições máximas nas duas primeiras semanas e 60% de 9 repetições máximas nas duas últimas semanas, totalizando 4 semanas. Também foram avaliados os níveis de ansiedade e depressão (PHQ-4), cinesiofobia (Tampa), intensidade da dor (escala visual analógica), tipo de dor (DN4) e catastrofização da dor (escala de catastrofização da dor), além de frequência cardíaca e pressão arterial. Todos os instrumentos utilizados foram traduzidos e validados para aplicação no Brasil. O projeto, juntamente com o termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido, foi aprovado no Conselho de Ética do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, da Universidade de São Paulo. Foi observada uma correlação inversa nos limiares de dor entre os grupos, demonstrando que mulheres com dor pélvica crônica diminuem os limiares periféricos de dor após o exercício selecionado (p<0,005). A pressão arterial e frequência cardíaca se mostraram com basal aumentadas no grupo dor pélvica crônica, com possível interferência da pressão arterial sistólica. A frequência cardíaca não demonstrou retornar a linha basal após o término do treinamento. O estudo demonstrou que mulheres com dor pélvica crônica possuem limiar de dor diminuído após o exercício, quando comparado a fase pré exercício e quando comparado a mulheres saudáveis. Os parâmetros cardiovasculares (frequência cardíaca e pressão arterial) se mostraram alterados em dor pélvica crônica ao comparar com mulheres saudáveis, levando a hipótese de que o sistema cardiovascular possuí correlação com os limiares periféricos de dor. / Chronic pelvic pain is commonly described as continuous or intermittent pain in the anatomical pelvis (anterior abdominal wall at or below the umbilicus) that lasts for at least six months, and is severe enough to cause functional disability or to lead to the search for care. The etiology is unclear, resulting in a complex interaction between the gastrointestinal, urinary, gynecological, muscle-skeletal, neurological and endocrine systems, still influenced by psychological and sociocultural factors. Physical exercise has been described as a great way to treat chronic musculoskeletal, visceral and neuronal diseases. There are several indications that physical exercise, both aerobic and anaerobic, promote an increase in the pain threshold in patients with chronic pain. The purpose of this study was to insert the strength endurance exercise in 21 women with chronic pelvic pain and 21 healthy women (control group) to determine if it was possible to increase the pain threshold (decrease pain) and if it existed some relationship between the pain threshold and the cardiovascular parameters. The exercise selected was the \"extensor chair\" machine, with four sets of fifteen repetitions with a one-minute pause between each series, lasting ten minutes in total. After the adaptation phase, training intensity was 40% of 9 maximum repetition in the first two weeks and 60% of 9 maximum repetition in the last two weeks, totaling 4 weeks. The levels of anxiety and depression (PHQ-4), kinesiophobia (Tampa), pain intensity (Visual analogic scale), type of pain (DN4) and catastrophic pain (PCS) and blood pressure. All the instruments used were translated and validated for application in Brazil. The project, together with the free and informed consent form, was approved at Conselho de Ética do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, da Universidade de São Paulo. An inverse correlation was observed in pain thresholds between the groups, demonstrating that women with chronic pelvic pain lower peripheral pain thresholds after the exercise selected (p <0.005). Blood pressure and heart rate were shown to be increased basally in the chronic pelvic pain group, with possible interference from systolic blood pressure. The heart rate did not demonstrate a return to the baseline after the end of the training. The study showed that chronic pelvic pain women have increased pain threshold after exercise when compared to the pre-exercise phase and when compared to healthy women. The cardiovascular parameters (heart rate and blood pressure) were altered in chronic pelvic pain women when compared to healthy women, leading to the hypothesis that the cardiovascular system has a correlation with the peripheral pain thresholds.

Introdução: A dor pélvica crônica (DPC) é queixa frequente na prática ginecológica. É definida como dor localizada na região da pelve, não exclusivamente menstrual, persistente por pelo menos seis meses e intensa o suficiente para causar incapacidade funcional. Dentre as causas ginecológicas relacionadas à DPC está a endometriose, que tem como principal problema clínico a síndrome dolorosa, manifestando-se como dismenorreia, dor pélvica, dor abdominal, dispareunia, e defecação dolorosa. Objetivo: o objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a média da composição corporal e de marcadores antropométricos, análise do comportamento alimentar e avalição de dor, comparando dois grupos de mulheres com DPC (dor pélvica crônica) secundário a endometriose e secundário a outras causas. Metodologia: Foram convidadas 122 mulheres com diagnóstico clínico de DPC secundária à endometriose e secundário a outras causas, através do método de seleção de amostra não probalística, recrutadas no Ambulatório de Dor Pélvica Crônica do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (AGDP-HCFMRP-USP). Ao aceitarem participar da pesquisa, assinaram o termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido. E foram submetidas a uma avaliação antropométrica (peso, altura, circunferência cintura, abdômen e quadril), avaliação alimentar (recordatório de 24 horas), exame de bioimpedância para avaliar a porcentagem de gordura e a escala visual Analógica - EVA, que trata-se de uma escala de 0 a 10 para avaliar dor. Trata-se de um estudo tipo casocontrole. O grupo caso é caracterizado por mulheres com DPC secundário a outras causas como síndrome miosfascial, dispareunia, entre outras e o grupo controle caracterizado por mulheres com DPC secundário a endometriose, diagnosticadas através de avaliação de exames específicos. Resultados: Das 122 mulheres convidadas apenas 91 mulheres finalizaram o estudo, sendo que destas 46 mulheres diagnosticadas com DPC secundário a endometriose e 45 mulheres com DPC secundário a outras causas. Caracterizados como grupo com endometriose e sem endometriose. A média de idade do grupo com endometriose era é de 36,78 ± 7,58 e do grupo sem endometriose 38,55 ± 7,5 anos. Não houve diferente significativa entre a porcentagem de gordura (p. 0,2153) sendo que a média do percentual de gordura no grupo com endometriose foi 34,92% ±6,11 e sem endometriose 36,95 ±6,1. A análise de intensidade da dor foi: 7,2±2,06 no grupo com endometriose e 5,93 ±2,64 no grupo sem endometriose (p. 0,0302). Em relação ao recordatório alimentar que avaliou macronutrientes e micronutrientes, também não houve diferença entre os macronutrientes avaliados, a média da ingestão de calorias do grupo com endometriose foi de 1633,76 Kcal ± 714,63 e sem endometriose de 1477,5±707,11 (p. 0,1581). Mas com relação aos micronutrientes, o zinco apresentou diferença significante (p.0,0417) em relação aos dois grupos analisados, sendo no grupo endometriose uma ingestão média 11,46 mg ±9,98 e o grupo sem endometriose 8,17mg ±7,77, onde ambos os grupos tiveram ingestão maiores que a recomendação pela OMS, O aminoácido triptofano apresentou diferença significativa (0,0494) entre os grupos avaliados. A recomendação diária (RDA) para triptofano é 5 mg/dia. O grupo caso teve uma média de ingestão de 506,55 mg ±407,89 e o grupo controle 373,57 mg ±392,48. Conclusão: Conclui-se que não existe diferença em relação a todos os parâmetros antropométricos avaliados em ambos os grupos a não ser o que diz sobre o micronutriente zinco e o aminoácido triptofano analisados pelo recordatório alimentar de 24 horas, o que demonstra que devem ser realizados intervenções semelhantes em ambos os grupos, mas que novos estudos ainda são necessários. / Introduction: Chronic pelvic pain (DPC) is a frequent complaint in gynecological practice. It is defined as localized pain in the region of the pelvis, not exclusively menstrual, persistent for at least six months and intense enough to cause functional disability. Among the gynecological causes related to CPD is endometriosis, which has as main clinical problem the painful syndrome, manifesting itself as dysmenorrhea, pelvic pain, abdominal pain, dyspareunia, and painful defecation. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the mean body composition and anthropometric markers, food behavior analysis and pain assessment, comparing two groups of women with CPD (chronic pelvic pain) secondary to endometriosis and secondary to other causes. Methodology: Twenty-two women with clinical diagnosis of PCD secondary to endometriosis and secondary to other causes were invited through the non-probalistic sample selection method, recruited at the Chronic Pelvic Pain Clinic of the Hospital das Clínicas of the Medical School of Ribeirão Preto Of São Paulo (AGDP-HCFMRP-USP). Upon agreeing to participate in the research, they signed the informed consent form. They were submitted to an anthropometric evaluation (weight, height, waist circumference, abdomen and hip), food evaluation (24 hour recall), bioimpedance test to evaluate fat percentage and visual analog scale - EVA, which is Of a scale from 0 to 10 to assess pain. It is a case-control study. The case group is characterized by women with PCD secondary to other causes such as myosfascial syndrome, dyspareunia, among others, and the control group characterized by women with CPD secondary to endometriosis, diagnosed through evaluation of specific exams. Results: Of the 122 women invited, only 91 women completed the study, of which 46 women were diagnosed with PCD secondary to endometriosis and 45 women with PCD secondary to other causes. Characterized as a group with endometriosis and without endometriosis. The mean age of the group with endometriosis was 36.78 ± 7.58 and the group without endometriosis was 38.55 ± 7.5 years. There was no significant difference between the percentage of fat (p <0.2153) and the mean percentage of fat in the group with endometriosis was 34.92% ± 6.11 and without endometriosis 36.95 ± 6.1. The analysis of pain intensity was: 7.2 ± 2.06 in the group with endometriosis and 5.93 ± 2.64 in the group without endometriosis (p 0.0302). In relation to the food recall that evaluated macronutrients and micronutrients, there was also no difference between the macronutrients evaluated, the average calorie intake of the group with endometriosis was 1633.76 Kcal ± 714.63 and without endometriosis of 1477.5 ± 707, 11 (p.15,151). However, in relation to the micronutrients, zinc presented a significant difference (p.0.0417) in relation to the two groups analyzed, being in the endometriosis group an average intake of 11.46 mg ± 9.98 and the group without endometriosis 8.17 ± 7 , 77, where both groups had higher intakes than the WHO recommendation. The amino acid tryptophan had a significant difference (0.0494) between the groups evaluated. The daily recommendation (RDA) for tryptophan is 5 mg / day. The case group had an average intake of 506.55 mg ± 407.89 and the control group 373.57 mg ± 392.48. Conclusion: It is concluded that there is no difference in relation to all anthropometric parameters evaluated in both groups, except for what is said about the zinc micronutrient and the tryptophan amino acid analyzed by the 24-hour food recall, which demonstrates that they must be performed Interventions in both groups, but that further studies are still needed.

Este estudo avaliou a contratilidade dos músculos do assoalho pélvico (MAP) de mulheres com dor pélvica crônica (DPC) comparadas com mulheres sem dor pélvica. Para essa avaliação foi realizada a palpação vaginal e a perineometria. Na palpação vaginal a função muscular foi classificada usando a escala de Oxford modificada de 0 a 5. Também foi avaliada a capacidade de contração, coordenação e a resistência dos MAP. A capacidade de contração foi registrado como sim ou não; a coordenação foi avaliada pela capacidade de contração dos músculos do assoalho pélvico, sem a utilização da musculatura acessória e a resistência foi o tempo em que a paciente manteve a contração dos MAP. A avaliação da pressão de contração dos MAP foi realizada através do perineômetro, que consiste em um aparelho que registra a pressão vaginal gerada pela contração dos MAP em medidas de cmH2O. Foram analisadas 78 mulheres, com e sem DPC. A análise comparativa entre os grupos mostrou que existe diferença estatisticamente significativa em relação ao seguintes itens: força muscular demonstrada pela Escala Modificada Oxford (p = 0,018), resistência muscular (p <. 0001), a função intestinal (p = 0,012), infecção do trato urinário (p = 0,006), cirurgia abdominal (p <0,0001), parto vaginal (p = 0,041), a cesariana (p = 0,002), dispareunia (p <0,001) , índice de massa corporal (p = 0,0127) e pressão de contração demonstrada pela perineometria (p = 0,0001). Não houve diferença significativa na capacidade de contração (p = 0,152), coordenação muscular (p = 0,999), incontinência urinária de esforço (p = 0,804), história obstétrica (p = 0,692), a presença de partos (p = 0,414), aborto ( p = 0,804) e idade (p = 0,2992). Houve uma forte correlação entre a escala de Oxford e perineometria, com um valor de p 0,0001. Este estudo concluiu que as mulheres com DPC têm alteração na contratilidade do MAP em relação às mulheres sem DPC, demonstrado pela escala de Oxford modificada e perineometria. / This study evaluated the contractility of the muscles of the pelvic floor of women with chronic pelvic pain compared with women without pelvic pain. The evaluation of the pelvic floor muscles was performed by vaginal palpation and perineometry. In vaginal palpation the muscle function was classified using the modified Oxford scale of 0 to 5. It was also evaluated the ability contraction, coordination and strength of the pelvic floor muscles. Contraction capacity was recorded as yes or no; coordination was evaluated by the contraction capacity of the pelvic floor muscles without the use of accessory muscles and the resistance was recorded with the time that the patient could sustain the contraction of the pelvic floor muscles. The evaluation of floor muscles contraction pressure was conducted through the perineometer, consisting of an apparatus which records vaginal pressure generated by the contraction of MAP in cm H2O measures. We analyzed 78 women, with and without CPP. The comparative analysis between the groups showed that there is a statistically significant difference in relation to the following: Scale Modified Oxford (p = 0.018), the muscle strength (p <.0001), intestinal function (p = 0.012), urinary tract infection (p = 0.006), abdominal surgery (p <0.0001), vaginal birth (p = 0.041), cesarean section (p = 0.002), dyspareunia (p <0.001), BMI (p = 0.0127) and perineometry (p = 0.0001). There was no significant difference in the contraction capacity (p = 0.152), muscle coordination (p = 0.999), urinary incontinence (p = 0.804), obstetric history (p = 0.692), presence of births (p = 0.414), abortion (p = 0.804) and age (p = 0.2992). There was a strong correlation between the scale of Oxford and perineometry, with a p value of 0.0001. This study found that women with CPP have change in contractility of MAP in relation to controls, demonstrated by the modified Oxford scale and perineometry.

Introdução: A Dor Pélvica Crônica (DPC) tem sido definida como dor pélvica não exclusivamente menstrual, com duração de pelo menos seis meses, suficientemente intensa que pode interferir em atividades habituais, necessitando de tratamento clínico e/ou cirúrgico. Pacientes portadoras de DPC tem apresentado altos níveis de ansiedade e depressão desta forma tem havido um comprometimento na sua qualidade de vida. Objetivos: verificar o impacto da ansiedade e depressão na qualidade de vida de mulheres com dor pélvica crônica. Casuísticas e Métodos: foi realizado um estudo do tipo transversal, no qual foram incluídas 52 pacientes com dor e 54 sem dor. A depressão e a ansiedade foram avaliadas pela escala Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale - HAD e a qualidade de vida foi avaliada pelo World Health Organization Quality of life Whoqol-bref. Para análise estatística foram utilizados os testes U de Mann-Whitney, Exato de Fisher, X² e o teste de Spearman. Resultados: A freqüência de ansiedade nos grupos com dor e controle foram respectivamente 73% e 37% (p=0, 0001) e de depressão foram respectivamente 40% e 30% (p=0, 0269). Houve correlação significativa entre os escores de ansiedade e depressão (p<0, 0001; r= 0, 6418). Quanto aos escores de qualidade de vida observaram-se diferenças significativas entre os domínios físico (p<0, 0001), psicológico (p<0, 003) e social (p<0, 005), não havendo diferenças significativas no domínio ambiental (p=0, 610) entre os grupos. Foram comparadas no grupo com dor, pacientes com e sem ansiedade quanto aos escores de qualidade de vida, observando-se níveis significativamente mais elevados nos domínios físico (p=0, 0011), psicológico (p<0, 0001), social (p=0, 0186) e ambiental (p=0, 0187) nas pacientes sem ansiedade. Neste mesmo grupo, foram comparadas as pacientes com e sem depressão quanto aos escores de qualidade de vida, observando-se níveis significativamente mais elevados para os domínios físico (p=0, 003), psicológico (p<0, 0001), social (p=0, 0015) e ambiental (p=0, 0048). Conclusões: As pacientes com DPC apresentam índices de ansiedade e depressão maiores que o grupo controle e a sua qualidade de vida está diminuída. Quanto maiores os escores de ansiedade e depressão, menores os escores de qualidade de vida. Mais estudos são necessários para comprovar efetivamente estas associações. No entanto, uma avaliação bem realizada e o acompanhamento psicológico podem auxiliar no tratamento da dor pélvica crônica, objetivando melhorar a qualidade de vida dessas pacientes. / Introduction: chronic pelvic pain (CPP) has been defined as pain pelvic not exclusively menstrual, with duration of at least six monsths, enough intense that can intervene with activities, nedding clinical and/or surgical treatment. Patients with CPP have high levels of anxiety and depression, with a consequent impairment of their quality of life. Objectives: to verify the impact of the anxiety and depression in the quality of life of women with chronic pelvic pain. Patients and Methods: 52 patients with pain and 54 without pain were included in a cross-sectional controlled study. Depression and anxiety were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD and quality of life was assessed using the World Health Organization Quality of life WHOQOL-bref questionnaire. Data were analyzed statistically by the Mann-Whitney U test, the Fisher exact test, the X² test, and the Spearman correlation test. Results: The frequency of anxiety was 73% in the study group and 37% in the control group (p=0.0001) and the frequency of depression was 40% and 30%, respectively (p=0.0269). There was a significant correlation between anxiety and depression scores (p<0, 0001; r= 0.6418). Regarding the quality of life scores, significant differences were observed between groups for the physical (p<0.0001), psychological (p<0.003) and social (p<0.005) domains, with no difference for the environmental domain (p=0.610). When patients with and without anxiety in the study group were compared in terms of quality of life scores, significantly higher levels were detected in the patients without anxiety regarding the physical (p=0.0011), psychological (p<0.0001), social (p=0.0186) and environmental (p=0.0187) domains. When patients with and without depression were compared in this same group regarding quality of life scores, significantly higher levels were observed for the physical (p=0.003), psychological (p<0.0001), social (p=0.0015) and environmental (p=0.0048) domains. There was a significant correlation between anxiety and depression scores (p<0. 0001; r= 0.6418). Conclusions: patients with CPP present higher anxiety and depression indices than control women and their quality of life is reduced. The higher the anxiety and depression scores, the lower the quality of life scores. More studies are necessary to prove these associations effectively. Thus, evaluation and psychological monitoring can be of help for the treatment of CPP in order to improve the quality of life of affected patients.