Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-30T13:53:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Thiago Cunha Silverio.pdf: 923183 bytes, checksum: 214eb765e4eeb06060ac4c9f90c393e3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-30T13:53:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Thiago Cunha Silverio.pdf: 923183 bytes, checksum: 214eb765e4eeb06060ac4c9f90c393e3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-04 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / The study was conducted, in the center of Integrated Rural Education State-CEIER, located in the municipality of White Eagle, Northwest of the State of Esp?rito Santo, the aim of this study was to evaluate the action of the whole milk added to the Bordeaux mixture Asperisporium caricae control, causative agent of smallpox and the behavior of this disease in different population densities the papaya tree. In setting up the experiment, the seedlings were separated by size: smaller, medium-sized and larger, so that the implementation of the orchard, there was within each block seedlings with similar vigor. The seedlings of papaya (Carica papaya L.) were prepared, using seeds of papayas hermaphrodites of the cultivar ' Golden Sunrise ', belonging to the soil. On planting and leading between each block, was grown legumes Sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) as green manure. The plants were bi-monthly composted manure tanned and potassium sulphate and alternating sprays with foliar fertilizer Agrobio (2%). The phytosanitary control followed the rules of organic farming. Spontaneous herbs were controlled by means of plant cover (Sunn hemp biomass) and periodic ro?adas. It took the experimental design of randomized blocks, being arranged in factorial arrangement of treatments. We evaluated the whole milk concentrations (0,0%, 5% and 10%) + 1% Bordeaux mixture (subplots), in six different breeding densities (1667, 2167, 3167, 2667, 3667 and 4167 plants. hectare-1). Based on the results it is concluded that: the addition of raw cow's milk to the Bordeaux mixture enables greater control of smallpox of papaya, both on the leaves, as in the fruits; the mixture prepared with 10% of raw cow's milk in Bordeaux mixture, the greater the inhibition signs of smallpox from papaya, both on the leaves, as in the fruits; analyzing by vegetative aspect of papaya, the greatest effect of the addition of raw cow's milk in Bordeaux mixture occurs in younger leaves; the extent to which increasing the dosage raw cow's milk, from zero to 10%, in Bordeaux, increases linearly, the ability to control the smallpox of the papaya, both on the leaves, as in the fruits; less degradated plantations allow lower occurrence of smallpox from papaya, both on the leaves, as in the fruits, if compared to those more Caterpillar; the density of plantation of papaya of 1667 plants.ha-4167 plants even 1.ha-1 the severity of smallpox of the papaya tree increases in a linear fashion; smallpox papaya progresses, exponentially, from bottom to top and/or older leaves to the newest; the part of the fruit, stuck in the plant, yet more exposed to external factors, is the most affected by smallpox of papaya, compared with the part facing the stem; analyzing for the papaya reproductive aspect, the greatest effect of the addition of raw cow's milk in Bordeaux is noticed on the face less exposed of the fruit; and, eat avocado with more leaves infected by smallpox will produce fruits also more affected by this disease / O estudo foi conduzido, no Centro Estadual Integrado de Educa??o Rural ? CEIER, situado no munic?pio de ?guia Branca, Regi?o Noroeste do Estado do Esp?rito Santo, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a a??o do leite integral adicionado ? calda bordalesa no controle do Asperisporium caricae, agente causal da var?ola e o comportamento desta doen?a em diferentes densidades de cultivo do mamoeiro. Na montagem do experimento, as mudas foram separadas por tamanho: menores, m?dias e maiores, de forma que na implanta??o do pomar, houvesse dentro de cada bloco mudas com padr?o de vigor parecido. As mudas de mamoeiro (Carica papaya L.) foram preparadas, utilizando-se sementes de mam?es hermafroditas da cultivar ?Sunrise Golden?, pertencente ao grupo Solo. Na entrelinha de plantio e entre cada bloco, foi cultivada a leguminosa crotal?ria (Crotalaria juncea) como adubo verde. As plantas foram bimensalmente adubadas com esterco curtido e sulfato de pot?ssio e pulveriza??es alternadas, com o biofertilizante l?quido Agrobio (2%). O controle fitossanit?rio seguiu as normas da agricultura org?nica. As ervas espont?neas foram controladas por meio de cobertura vegetal (biomassa da crotal?ria) e de ro?adas peri?dicas. Adotou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, sendo os tratamentos dispostos em parcelas subdivididas. Avaliaram-se as concentra??es de leite integral (0,0%, 5% e 10%) + calda bordalesa 1% (subparcelas), dentro de seis densidades de cultivo diferentes (1667, 2167, 2667, 3167, 3667 e 4167 plantas.hectare-1). Com base nos resultados conclui-se que: a adi??o de leite de vaca cru ? calda bordalesa possibilita maior capacidade de controle da var?ola do mamoeiro, tanto nas folhas, quanto nos frutos; a mistura preparada com 10% de leite de vaca cru na calda bordalesa, propiciou a maior inibi??o dos sinais da var?ola do mamoeiro, tanto nas folhas, quanto nos frutos; analisando pelo aspecto vegetativo do mamoeiro, o maior efeito da adi??o do leite de vaca cru na calda bordalesa ocorre nas folhas mais novas; a medida em que se aumenta a dosagem de leite de vaca cru, de zero at? 10%, na calda bordalesa, aumenta-se, linearmente, a capacidade de controle da var?ola do mamoeiro, tanto nas folhas, quanto nos frutos; plantios menos adensados possibilitam menor ocorr?ncia da var?ola do mamoeiro, tanto nas folhas, quanto nos frutos, se comparados ?queles mais adensados; da densidade de plantio do mamoeiro de 1667 plantas.ha-1 at? 4167 plantas.ha-1 a severidade da var?ola do mamoeiro aumenta de maneira linear; a var?ola do mamoeiro progride, exponencialmente, de baixo para cima e/ou das folhas mais velhas para as mais novas; a parte do fruto, preso ainda na planta, mais exposta aos fatores externos, ? a mais acometida pela var?ola do mamoeiro, se comparado com a parte voltada para o caule da mesma; analisando pelo aspecto reprodutivo do mamoeiro, o maior efeito da adi??o do leite de vaca cru na calda bordalesa ? notado na face menos exposta do fruto; e, mamoeiros com as folhas mais infectadas pela var?ola produzir?o frutos tamb?m mais acometidos por esta doen?a.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-30T16:11:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - B?rbara Xavier Silva.pdf: 1788178 bytes, checksum: 96ff6d70aeb442564d90879a261fb5f6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-30T16:11:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - B?rbara Xavier Silva.pdf: 1788178 bytes, checksum: 96ff6d70aeb442564d90879a261fb5f6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-27 / The knowledge of anatomical variations is important for radiological and surgical procedures and has a theoretical and practical significance for experimental research and surgical practice in domestic animals. The aim of this study was to describe the origin and measures of the main branches of celiac artery in domestic cats of both sexes. The anatomical dissections were performed on 30 cadavers of adult cats, 15 male and 15 female, with a rostrum-sacral length of 47.9 cm and 46.6 cm respectively. Cats were positioned in right lateral decubit and a thoracic incision was made to remove the 6th to 10th ribs to cannulate the thoracic portion of aorta. The vascular system was fixated with 10% formaldehyde solution and then filled with coloured Petrolatex S-65. After five days emerged in 10% formaldehyde solution, all the animals were washed in current water. The celiac artery and its proximal branches were ?in situ? dissected, lengthen and measured with a pachymeter. No organs were removed. The average length and standard deviation of the celiac, lienal, left gastric and hepatic artery were calculated and compared in both sexes by unpaired t test. To verify if the frequency distributions observed for the 30 examined animals is in accordance with the literature, we performed the Qui-square test, with a 5% level of significance, to test if the nullity hypothesis is true for the origin of the celiac artery, number of gastric arteries, and the number of lienal artery main ramifications. The relationship between the celiac, lienal, left gastric and hepatic artery length, with rostrum-sacral length was calculated by the correlation coefficient ?r? varying between -1 r +1. The celiac artery arose as a single artery in 15 (100%) females. In males the celiac artery arose as a single artery in 12 (80%) cats; in three (20%) cats we observed the presence of celiac-mesenteric trunk. The average length of the celiac artery in females was 1.32 cm, and originated at the level of the 13th thoracic vertebra in two (13.3%) animals, between the 13th and the 1st lumbar vertebra in one (6.7%) animal, at the level of 1st lumbar vertebra in six (40%) cats, and between the 1st and 2nd lumbar vertebra in six (40%) cats. The average length of the celiac artery in males was 1.27 cm, and originated at the level of 13th thoracic vertebra in three (20%) animals, between 13th thoracic vertebra and 1st lumbar vertebra in three (20%) animals, at the level of 1st lumbar vertebra in four (26.7%) animals, between 1st and 2nd lumbar vertebra in one (6.7%) and at the level of the 2nd lumbar vertebra in four (26.7%) animals. In female the gastrolienal trunk was the predominant morphological arrangement (53.3%) with medium length of 0.31 cm. In males, the classic celiac trifurcation was the predominant morphological arrangement (53.3%). No relation was observed between the celiac, lienal, left gastric and hepatic artery length and the rostrum-sacral length in cats. The origin of the celiac artery, number of gastric arteries, and the number of lienal artery main ramifications are not gender dependent. / O conhecimento das varia??es anat?micas ? importante para procedimentos cir?rgicos e radiol?gicos e tem um significado pr?tico e te?rico para a pesquisa experimental e a pr?tica cir?rgica em animais dom?sticos. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a origem e medidas da art?ria cel?aca e de suas ramifica??es em gatos de ambos sexos correlacionando seus valores com o comprimento do animal. As dissec??es foram realizadas em 30 cad?veres de gatos adultos, 15 machos e 15 f?meas, com m?dia do comprimento rostro-sacral de 47,9cm e 46,6 cm respectivamente. Os gatos foram posicionados em dec?bito lateral direito e feita uma incis?o tor?cica para remo??o da 6? a 10? costelas para canula??o da por??o tor?cica da aorta. Em seguida, o sistema vascular foi fixado com solu??o de formaldeido a 10% e preenchidos com solu??o de Petrolatex S-65 corado. Ap?s cinco dias imersos em solu??o de formaldeido a 10%, todos os animais foram lavados em ?gua corrente. A art?ria cel?aca e seus ramos proximais foram dissecados "in situ" e medidos com um paqu?metro. O comprimento m?dio e desvio padr?o da art?ria cel?aca, lienal, g?strica esquerda e hep?tica foram calculados e comparados em ambos os sexos atrav?s do teste t n?o pareado. Com o intuito de verificar se a distribui??o de freq??ncias observadas para os 30 animais examinados est? de acordo com a literatura, aplicou-se o teste do X2 (qui-quadrado) considerando o n?vel de signific?ncia 5% para testar se a hip?tese de nulidade ? verdadeira, no que diz respeito a origem da art?ria cel?aca, n?mero de art?rias g?strica, e n?mero de ramifica??es principais da art?ria lienal. Em rela??o ao comportamento conjunto do comprimento da art?ria cel?aca, lienal, g?strica esquerda e hep?tica em fun??o do comprimento rostro-sacral, optou-se por calcular o coeficiente de correla??o ?r?, que pode variar entre -1 r +1. A art?ria cel?aca surgiu como uma art?ria ?nica em 15 (100%) f?meas examinadas. Nos machos a art?ria cel?aca surgiu como uma art?ria ?nica em 12 (80%) gatos e em tr?s (20%) gatos foi observada a presen?a do tronco cel?aco-mesent?rico. O comprimento m?dio da art?ria cel?aca nas f?meas foi de 1,32 cm, emergindo em n?vel da 13? v?rtebra tor?cica em dois (13,3%) animais, entre a 13? v?rtebra tor?cica e a 1? v?rtebra lombar em um (6,7%) animal, em n?vel da 1? v?rtebra lombar em seis (40%) animais, e entre a 1? e 2? v?rtebra lombar em seis (40%) animais. O comprimento m?dio da art?ria cel?aca no sexo masculino foi de 1,27 cm, emergindo em n?vel da 13? v?rtebra tor?cica em tr?s (20%) animais, entre 13? v?rtebra tor?cica e 1? v?rtebra lombar em tr?s (20%) animais, em n?vel da 1? v?rtebra lombar em quatro (26,7%) animais, entre a 1? e 2? v?rtebra lombar em um (6,7%) e em n?vel da 2? v?rtebra lombar em quatro (26,7%) animais. Nas f?meas o tronco gastro-lienal foi o arranjo morfol?gico predominante (53,3%) com um comprimento m?dio de 0,31 cm. Nos machos, a trifurca??o cl?ssica da art?ria cel?aca foi o arranjo morfol?gico predominante (53,3%). N?o foi observada rela??o entre o comprimento da art?ria cel?aca, lienal, g?strica esquerda e hep?tica em fun??o do comprimento rostro-sacral. A origem da art?ria cel?aca, n?mero de art?rias g?stricas e n?mero de ramifica??es principais da art?ria lienal independem do sexo.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-06-13T14:24:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Nilcileny da Silva Batista.pdf: 1300906 bytes, checksum: 7fcd57ffebf02aa316ae9107cf971e8d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-13T14:24:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Nilcileny da Silva Batista.pdf: 1300906 bytes, checksum: 7fcd57ffebf02aa316ae9107cf971e8d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-25 / Ag?ncia Norueguesa de Coopera??o para o Desenvolvimento, NORAD, Noruega. / The soil management in organic production systems requires the use of technologies that allow maintaining and improving their properties. In this sense, the use of alternatives such as intercropping, biochar, organic fertilization and inoculation with plant growth promoting bacteria in agriculture has been associated with improvements in productivity. In a first experiment, we evaluated the production of cassava in an intercropping system with maize and beans in different arrangements under organic farming. The experiment was carried out in SIPA, "Fazendinha Agroecol?gica Km 47", Serop?dica, RJ. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with five treatments and four replications. The treatments were: cassava, maize, cassava + maize + beans, cassava + maize, beans and maize. The dimension of the experimental plots was 6 x 5 m and 8 linear meters were sampled to evaluate the productivity of beans and maize. Twelve plants per plot were evaluated for cassava. The sowing of beans and maize took place at the same day cassava was planted. Beans were harvested at 90 days and the following variables were evaluated: yield, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and weight of 100 grains. The maize was harvested at 91, 92 and 100 days after sowing (DAS) and the productivity of husked and dehusked spikes, spike length and spike diameter were measured. The cassava was harvested at 354 DAP after planting and the following variables were evaluated: productivity of roots and shoots, length and diameter of the roots. There was no significance for cassava production. However, the area equivalency index for the maize and cassava intercrop indicated an advantage of this system over the others. In a second experiment, we evaluated the potential of biochar and its interaction with microbial inoculants and organic fertilizer on crop performance. These tecnologies were evaluated in a crop rotation system: maize (Zea mays) var. Caatingueiro and beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) cv. Alessa were used in the first and second cycles, respectively. Maize seeds were inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense and beans with both Rhizobium tropici and Azospirillum brasilense. The experiment was in a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial scheme, with eight treatments and three replications, and the experimental design was a randomized block design. The treatments were the combinations of the presence or absence of three factors (biochar, fertilizer and inoculation. The biochar was applied at the dose of 15 Mg ha-?. The organic fertilizer ?Bokashi? was applied at the dose of 113 kg ha-? N. The plots were 3.0 x 3.50 m. The maize was harvested at 90 DAP and the following variables were measured: yield, weight of 100 g, length and diameter of spikes. The snap beans were harvested at 60 DAP and pod productivity and shoot biomass were evaluated. In maize fertilization and inoculation influenced weight of 100 grains under the conditions studied. For coinoculation beans green influenced dry matter mass and pods number, biochar influenced number of pods and dry mass of shoots in the presence of residual fertilization. We can conclude that the intercrop system and that the use biochar, Bokashi fertilization and, especially, inoculation with plant growth-promoting bacteria are possible alternatives for the production of cassava, maize and beans in organic farming. / O manejo do solo em sistemas org?nicos de produ??o requer o uso de tecnologias que permitam manter e aumentar sua produtividade. Neste sentido, o cons?rcio de culturas e o uso de biocarv?o, fertiliza??o com adubos org?nicos e a inocula??o com bact?rias promotoras do crescimento de plantas est?o entre as alternativas dispon?veis que t?m sido associadas ao aumento de produtividade. Num primeiro experimento, objetivou-se avaliar o consorcio de mandioca var. Ouro da Bahia, feij?o (Phaseolus vulgaris) cv. Valente e milho (Zea mays) var. Eldorado em diferentes arranjos, sob manejo org?nico. O experimento foi conduzido no SIPA ?Fazendinha Agroecol?gica Km 47?. O delineamento foi de blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repeti??es a saber: Mandioca solteira, Mandioca + milho + feij?o, Mandioca + milho, Milho + feij?o e Milho solteiro. As parcelas tinham 6x5 m. com oito metros lineares de ?rea ?til para feij?o e milho por parcela. Para mandioca, foram analisadas doze plantas por parcela. O plantio dos consortes ocorreu no mesmo dia do plantio da mandioca. O feij?o foi colhido aos 90 dias e foram avaliados: produtividade, n?mero de vagens por planta, n?mero de gr?os por vagem e peso de 100 gr?os. O milho foi colhido aos 91, 92 e 100 DAP e foram avaliada produtividade de espigas, comprimento e di?metro das espigas. Aos 354 DAP, colheu-se a mandioca para avaliar: produtividade de ra?zes e parte a?rea, comprimento e di?metro das ra?zes. N?o houve diferen?a significativa para produtividade da mandioca, mais houve diferen?a para produtividade de feij?o e do milho. O ?ndice de Equival?ncia de ?rea (IEA) de 1,26 para o cons?rcio mandioca e milho, indicou vantagem. Num segundo experimento, objetivou-se avaliar o potencial do biocarv?o e sua intera??o com inoculantes e fertiliza??o org?nica no desempenho de cultivos. Para tal, foi realizado um cultivo em sucess?o onde, no primeiro ciclo foi utilizado o milho var. Caatingueiro e no segundo ciclo o feij?o vagem cv. Alessa. As sementes de milho foram inoculadas com Azospirillum brasilense e as de feij?o vagem com Rhizobium tropici e Azospirillum brasilense. O experimento foi um fatorial 2 x 2 x 2, com oito tratamentos entre combina??es dos fatores biocarv?o, aduba??o e inocula??o (presen?a e aus?ncia) e tr?s repeti??es. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso. Aplicou-se a lan?o15 Mg ha-? de biocarv?o por parcela. A fertiliza??o, com composto Bokashi, foi 113 kg ha-? de N. As parcelas tinham 3,0 x 3,50 m. O milho foi colhido aos 90 DAP e analisou-se: produtividade, peso de 100 gr?os, comprimento e di?metro de espigas. O feij?o vagem foi colhido aos 60 DAP e foram analisados produtividade de vagem e parte a?rea. Para o milho a aduba??o e a inocula??o influenciaram massa de 100 gr?os, nas condi??es estudadas. No feij?o vagem, a inocula??o influenciou massa seca de vagens e numero de vagens, o biocarv?o influenciou n?mero de vagens e massa seca de parte a?rea na presen?a de aduba??o residual. Pode-se concluir que o cons?rcio, a inocula??o, aduba??o org?nica s?o alternativas poss?veis para incrementar produtividade de culturas, a renda e seguran?a alimentar do produtor

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-06-13T17:13:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - H?lio Moulin Curti Junior.pdf: 3505961 bytes, checksum: 54541b50bce17092a8217c28baed4d90 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-13T17:13:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - H?lio Moulin Curti Junior.pdf: 3505961 bytes, checksum: 54541b50bce17092a8217c28baed4d90 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-23 / The vegetation of the restinga, located in the coastal plains of the Brazilian coast, is considered a set of plant communities arranged in mosaic overlap in soil sandy nature. It has a rich and varied flora resulting from the diversity of its geological origin, topography and environmental conditions. In the municipality of Rio de Janeiro there are few areas with restinga vegetation remnants and correspond to 1.6% of the total number of vegetation of the city. The Municipal Natural Park Grumari (PNMG), where was developed this study, is considered one of the smallest fragments of restinga vegetation of the State of Rio de Janeiro. Located in the west area of the city of Rio de Janeiro, is a protected area administered by the Department of Environment of the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro. This protected area comprises restinga vegetation and analogously to the restingas of the State of Rio de Janeiro has suffered high anthropogenic pressure mainly associated with local tourism, removal of species, fire, high traffic and banana plantation expansion. In the face of human pressure history occurred in PNMG area, it was carried out phytosociological study and as well as researched the relationship of the vegetation of an impacted stretch of restinga Mata with soil factors associated with soil fertility. The objective was to know the tree species in this impacted area. Ten rectangular plots with size of 10 m x 20 m were delimited in the study area and the trees with diameter at breast height greater than or equal to 5 cm were part of the sample. Samples of soil at a depth of 5 cm, were collected in order to proceed to carry out the chemical analysis. Species identification was performed by the RBR Herbarium of the Department of Botany, Institute of Biology of UFRRJ. Canonical correspondence analysis was performed (ACC), via software PC-ORD version 5.0, in order to assess whether the soil chemical factors influence the distribution of tree species in the sampling site. A total of 277 individuals were sampled, with 33 species, 25 genera and 16 families. The species Cupania emarginata (Camboat?), Sapindaceae family, with approximately 50% of the sampled individuals was identified as the dominant species. Cupania emarginata, Tapirira guianensis, Byrsonima sericea, Myrsine guianensis, Eugenia punicifolia, Erythroxylum ovalifolium and Erythroxylum passerinum showed the highest importance value. The Fabaceae family, with 7 species, was the richest. The ACC information indicates that the axes 1 and 2 together accounted for only 14.5% of the variation in the data, indicating a low correlation between soil chemical parameters and the distribution of trees at the sampling site. Due to the large number of species with little representation and as well as the knowledge that some of them are with the level of threat vulnerable or endangered, should be increased efforts to protect this restinga vegetation remaining in the city of Rio de Janeiro. / A vegeta??o de restinga, localizada nas plan?cies costeiras do litoral brasileiro, ? considerada um conjunto de comunidades vegetais dispostas em mosaico que est?o sobrepostas em solo de natureza arenosa. Possui uma flora rica e variada resultante da diversidade da sua origem geol?gica, topografia e condi??es ambientais. No munic?pio do Rio de Janeiro h? poucas ?reas com vegeta??o de restinga remanescente e correspondem a 1,6% do total de vegeta??o da cidade. O Parque Natural Municipal de Grumari (PNMG), onde foi desenvolvido este estudo, ? considerado um dos menores fragmentos de restinga do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Localizado na zona oeste da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, ? uma unidade de conserva??o administrada pela Secretaria de Meio Ambiente da Prefeitura do Rio de Janeiro. Compreende vegeta??o de restinga e de forma an?loga ?s restingas do Estado do Rio de Janeiro tem sofrido alta press?o antr?pica, principalmente, associada ao turismo local, a retirada de esp?cies, a inc?ndios, ao pisoteio e a expans?o da planta??o de banana. Em face do hist?rico de press?o antr?pica ocorrida na ?rea do PNMG, foi realizado um estudo fitossociol?gico e bem como pesquisou-se a rela??o da vegeta??o de um trecho impactado da Mata de Restinga com os fatores ed?ficos associados ? composi??o qu?mica do solo. Objetivou-se conhecer as esp?cies arb?reas presentes neste trecho impactado. Dez parcelas retangulares com dimens?o de 10 m x 20 m foram delimitadas na ?rea de estudo e as ?rvores com di?metro ? altura do peito maior ou igual a 5 cm fizeram parte da amostragem. Amostras de solo, ? profundidade de 5 cm, foram coletadas a fim de proceder an?lise qu?mica. A identifica??o das esp?cies arb?reas foi realizada junto ao Herb?rio RBR do Departamento de Bot?nica, do Instituto de Biologia da UFRRJ. Procedeu-se an?lise de correspond?ncia can?nica (ACC), via Software PC-ORD vers?o 5.0, com o objetivo de avaliar se os fatores qu?micos do solo influenciam a distribui??o das esp?cies arb?reas no local da amostragem. Um total de 277 indiv?duos foram amostrados, perfazendo 33 esp?cies, 25 g?neros e 16 fam?lias. A esp?cie Cupania emarginata (camboat?), fam?lia Sapindaceae, com aproximadamente 50% dos indiv?duos amostrados, foi identificada como a esp?cie dominante. As esp?cies de maior valor de import?ncia foram Cupania emarginata, Tapirira guianensis, Byrsonima sericea, Myrsine guianensis, Eugenia punicifolia, Erythroxylum ovalifolium e Erythroxylum passerinum. A fam?lia Fabaceae, com 7 esp?cies, apresentou a maior riqueza. As informa??es oriundas da ACC demonstraram que os eixos 1 e 2 somados explicam apenas 14,5% da varia??o dos dados, indicando uma baixa correla??o entre os par?metros qu?micos do solo e a distribui??o das ?rvores no local de amostragem. Devem ser aumentados os esfor?os para prote??o deste remanescente de vegeta??o de restinga da cidade do Rio de Janeiro devido ao elevado n?mero de esp?cies com pequena representatividade e bem como que algumas delas est?o situadas em n?vel de amea?a vulner?vel ou em perigo de extin??o

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-06-20T15:46:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Carla Rodrigues Bahiense.pdf: 694207 bytes, checksum: 012f3bf71990c09f742e165f567b3e77 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-20T15:46:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Carla Rodrigues Bahiense.pdf: 694207 bytes, checksum: 012f3bf71990c09f742e165f567b3e77 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-07-13 / Belonging to the Order Psittaciformes, Family Psittacidae, the Ara ararauna, like other parrots, is a Brazilian bird much exploited in the pet market, which makes it a frequent veterinary patient. Despite of the extreme clinical relevance of laboratory examinations, data on hematology and serum biochemistry of this species are scarce. Several factors can interfere with the birds results of hematological and biochemical values, such as age, sex, reproductive period, among others. The study aimed to recognize patterns and to determine haematological and serum biochemical parameters for the species in question, explaining possible variations related to sex, management and method of restraint. In the experiment was used 68 specimens, 33 from a commercial breeding facility and 35 from the live collection of the RIOZOO Foundation. The blood samples were collected by jugular vein, transferred into tubes containing EDTA and other with no anticoagulant. Only the birds of RIOZOO were subjected to a new collection, which occurred 10 minutes after of anesthesia with isoflurane, thus forming a group of 33 animals anesthetized and another 35 unanesthetized. Of each animal were determined trombocyte conts, erythrocyte counts, total and specific leucocyte counts, concentrations of total plasmatic protein, urea, creatinine, uric acid, cholesterol, tryglicer?des, total serum protein, albumin and globulin, and activityes of alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, amylase, lipase, and creatine-kinase enzymes. The results were analyzed by ANOVA and paired T tests. Females had higher trombocitometria. Non-anesthetized animals had a greater total WBC count. Weren?t significant differences between anesthetized males and females. The birds originated from RIOZOO had higher values of PCV, red blood cell count, MCV, eosinophils, basophils, urea, AST and CK, however, lower values of albumin and creatinine. The study revealed that was a significant level of discrepancies between the different groups, allowing the creation of a standard more specific hematologic, according to the individual characteristics of each patient. / Pertencente ? Ordem Psittaciforme e Fam?lia Psittacidae, a Ara ararauna, assim como os demais psitac?deos, ? uma ave brasileira muito explorada no mercado pet, o que a torna um freq?ente paciente veterin?rio. Apesar da extrema relev?ncia cl?nica dos exames laboratoriais, dados acerca da hematologia e bioqu?mica s?rica dessa esp?cie ainda s?o escassos. Importante ? considerar tamb?m que diversos fatores n?o patol?gicos podem interferir em resultados dos exames hematol?gicos e bioqu?micos das aves, como a idade, sexo, per?odo reprodutivo, entre outros. O estudo teve como finalidade reconhecer e determinar padr?es hematol?gicos e bioqu?mico-s?ricos para a esp?cie em quest?o, elucidando poss?veis varia??es relacionadas a sexo, manejo e m?todo de conten??o. No experimento foram utilizados 68 exemplares, sendo 33 provenientes de um criat?rio comercial e 35 oriundos do acervo vivo da Funda??o RIOZOO. As amostras sangu?neas foram obtidas na veia jugular, transferidas, para tubos contendo EDTA e para outros sem anticoagulante. Somente as aves do RIOZOO foram tamb?m submetidas a uma nova coleta, que ocorreu 10 minutos ap?s anestesia com isoflurano, formando assim um grupo de 33 animais anestesiados e 35 n?o anestesiados. De cada animal foram aferidos trombocitometria, eritrocitometria, leucometrias global e espec?fica, determina??o de prote?nas plasm?ticas totais, ur?ia, creatinina, fosfatase alcalina, ?cido ?rico, colesterol, trigicer?deos, aspartato-aminotransferase, amilase, l?pase, creatinakinase, prote?nas totais s?ricas, albumina e globulinas. Os resultados foram analisados pelo teste ANOVA e teste t pareado. As f?meas apresentaram maior valor de trombocitometria. Os animais n?o anestesiados demonstraram um maior valor de leucometria global. N?o houve nenhuma diferen?a significatica entre machos e f?meas anestesiados. As aves oriundas do RIOZOO tiveram maior VG, hematimetria, VGM, contagem de eosin?filos e bas?filos, ur?ia, AST e CK, por?m, menores concentra??es de albumina e creatinina. O estudo revelou discrep?ncias a n?vel significativo entre os diferentes grupos estudados, permitindo um padr?o hematol?gico mais adequado com as caracter?sticas individuais de cada paciente.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-06-22T12:07:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - D?bora Costa Barroso.pdf: 1579387 bytes, checksum: 9adad5522f56d5852b007999979e4774 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-22T12:07:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - D?bora Costa Barroso.pdf: 1579387 bytes, checksum: 9adad5522f56d5852b007999979e4774 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-04 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / This study was conducted at the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, at the Animal Science Institute. Four experiments were performed using as zootechnical additives avilamycin, capsaicin, cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol and piperine in the feed of broilers. The objective was to evaluate the production rates and the possibility of withdrawal of the feed antimicrobials, evaluating the impact on the metabolization of nutrients balanced diet, influence on hematological parameters, but also to quantify the activity of the digestive enzymes and antioxidants. In the first experiment were used five treatments: basal diet + antibiotic (avilamycin); basal diet; basal diet + 60 mg / kg piperine; basal diet + 150 mg / kg of cinnamaldehyde, capsaicin and carvacrol and basal diet + 15 mg / kg capsaicin, with six replicates of 10 birds each, totaling 30 plots and 300 birds in metabolic cages. One metabolizable trial lasting 10 days was done. At 36 days of age the chickens were killed and liver collected from four birds per treatment, for evaluation of the catalase enzyme activity. The second experiment was added wheat bran to feed reference for analysis of pancreatic enzyme activity (amylase and protease). Five treatments and five replications of 10 birds each, totaling 25 plots and 250 chickens were used. The treatments were: basal diet + antimicrobial; reference diet; basal diet + 150 mg / kg of cinnamaldehyde, capsaicin and carvacrol; basal diet + 15 mg / kg capsaicin; basal diet + 30 mg / kg capsaicin. In the third experiment were used five treatments and six replicates of 10 birds each, totaling 30 plots and 300 chickens. The same treatments of the second experiment performed and were used in metabolic cages with performance analysis, carcass characteristics and metabolization assay. In the fourth experiment, we analyzed the performance, carcass characteristics and blood parameters. The chickens were distributed in five treatments, similar to the second and third experiments, four repetitions with 30 chickens, totaling 600 birds in experimental shed. Data were analyzed by statistical program and when found significant effect was used SNK test and Dunnett's test for comparison of means with significance of 5% (p <0.05). The use of carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, piperine and capsaicin kept the results to villus height similar ileum when used avilamycin. Capsaicin protease resulted in equivalent pancreatic enzyme activity in the group that received avilamycin, as apparent metabolizable energy similar to that of chickens receiving the antimicrobial. By using 30 mg / kg capsaicin were observed decreased weight gain and increased feed conversion, lower post-fasting body weight and lower weight of hot carcass. The use of the tested phytogenic beneficially influenced some traits, justifying its use in the diet of broiler chickens / O presente trabalho foi realizado na Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, no Instituto de Zootecnia. Foram realizados quatro experimentos, utilizando os aditivos zoot?cnicos avilamicina, capsaicina, cinamalde?do, carvacrol e piperina na ra??o de frangos de corte. O objetivo foi avaliar os ?ndices produtivos e a possibilidade de retirada dos antimicrobianos da ra??o, avaliando o impacto na metabolizabilidade dos nutrientes da ra??o balanceada, a influ?ncia sobre par?metros hematol?gicos, e tamb?m quantificar a atividade das enzimas digestivas e antioxidantes. No primeiro experimento foram utilizados cinco tratamentos: ra??o refer?ncia + antimicrobiano (avilamicina); ra??o refer?ncia; ra??o refer?ncia + 60 mg/Kg de piperina; ra??o refer?ncia + 150 mg/Kg de cinamalde?do, capsaicina e carvacrol e ra??o refer?ncia + 15 mg/Kg de capsaicina, com seis repeti??es de 10 aves por unidade experimental, totalizando 30 parcelas e 300 aves, em gaiolas metab?licas. Foi realizado um ensaio de metabolizabilidade com dura??o de 10 dias. Com 36 dias de idade, os frangos foram abatidos e coletado o f?gado de quatro aves por tratamento, para avalia??o da atividade da enzima catalase. No segundo experimento, foi acrescentado farelo de trigo ? ra??o refer?ncia, para an?lise da atividade enzim?tica pancre?tica (amilase e protease). Foram utilizados cinco tratamentos e cinco repeti??es de 10 aves por unidade experimental, totalizando 25 parcelas e 250 frangos. Os tratamentos foram: ra??o refer?ncia + antimicrobiano; ra??o refer?ncia; ra??o refer?ncia + 150 mg/Kg de cinamalde?do, capsaicina e carvacrol; ra??o refer?ncia + 15 mg/Kg de capsaicina; ra??o refer?ncia + 30 mg/Kg de capsaicina. No terceiro experimento foram utilizados cinco tratamentos e seis repeti??es de 10 aves por unidade experimental, totalizando 30 parcelas e 300 frangos. Foram utilizados os mesmos tratamentos do segundo experimento e realizado em gaiolas metab?licas, com an?lise de desempenho, caracter?sticas de carca?a e ensaio de metabolizabilidade. No quarto experimento, foram analisados o desempenho, caracter?sticas de carca?a e par?metros sangu?neos. Os frangos foram distribu?dos em cinco tratamentos, semelhantes aos do segundo e terceiro experimentos, sendo quatro repeti??es com 30 frangos, totalizando 600 aves, em galp?o experimental. Os dados foram analisados por programa estat?stico e quando verificado efeito significativo foi utilizado o teste SNK e o teste Dunnett para compara??o das m?dias com signific?ncia de 5% (p<0,05). O uso de carvacrol, cinamalde?do, capsaicina e piperina mantiveram o resultado para altura de vilosidade do ?leo semelhante quando utilizada avilamicina. A capsaicina resultou em atividade enzim?tica prote?sica no p?ncreas equivalente ao do grupo que recebeu avilamicina, assim como energia metaboliz?vel aparente semelhante a dos frangos que receberam ra??o com o antimicrobiano. Ao utilizar 30 mg/kg de capsaicina, foram observados diminui??o do ganho de peso e aumento da convers?o alimentar, menor peso vivo p?s-jejum e menor peso de carca?a quente. O uso dos fitog?nicos testados influenciou beneficamente algumas caracter?sticas estudadas, justificando seu uso na dieta de frangos de corte.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-07-07T14:20:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Ana Cristina Nery de Castro.pdf: 706391 bytes, checksum: 9670ccf72b4782cc78fe6a9c8324261c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-07T14:20:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Ana Cristina Nery de Castro.pdf: 706391 bytes, checksum: 9670ccf72b4782cc78fe6a9c8324261c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-26 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The aims of this study were to analyze the clinical signs and factors associated with the seropositivity to Brucella canis in dogs admitted to a veterinary diagnosis center in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Serum samples were collected from 841 dogs, whose participation in the study was allowed by their owners. The samples were analyzed by the Agar Gel Immunodiffusion Test. The dogs were clinically examined, whilst their owners were interviewed in order to obtain data on the animals and their raising. The associations between the explanatory variables and the infection were measured using the 2 test or Fisher exact test whenever necessary. All variables with p 0.20 at the bivariate analysis were included in the multivariable analysis by logistic regression. The backward elimination method was used to select the variables for statistical modeling. The level of significance to keep a variable in the final model was set at 5%. Seventeen (17) samples (2.0%) were reagent. The following variables were selected for the modeling: dogs with access to streets (p=0.03), ectoparasite infestation (p=0.03) tick infestation (p=0.005), reproductive activity (p=0.00001), contact with animals with reproductive problems (p=0.0009), sunlight (p=0.09), owner`s gender (p=0.16) and housing (p=0.12.In the final model, the variables tick infestation (OR= 5.47, IC 1.67- 17.86), reproductive activity (OR= 9.40, IC 2.88-30.65), contact with animals with reproductive problems (OR= 7.90, IC 2.18-28.64) and presence of sunlight inside the house (OR= 0.21, IC 0.06-0.64) remained statistically associated with seropositivity to B. canis, after confusing variables were controlled.. The clinical signs associated with the infection were abortion, scrotal dermatitis, eye alterations and presence of nodules. The results of this study suggest that canine brucellosis is a rare disease also in other similar populations, being linked to the variables associated with animal handling. This reconfirms the need of a good sanitary and reproductive management to prevent and control the disease. The detection of clinical signs associated with seropositivity to B. canis highlights the importance of a good anamnesis, as well as a detailed clinical examination of the dog upon its admittance to clinics. / Os objetivos deste estudo foram analisar os sinais cl?nicos e os fatores associados ? soropositividade para Brucella canis, em c?es atendidos num centro de diagn?stico veterin?rio do Rio de Janeiro. Amostras de soro foram coletadas de 841 de c?es, admitidos no centro de diagn?stico, cujos propriet?rios permitiram a participa??o no estudo. As amostras foram analisadas pelo exame de Imunodifus?o em Gel de Agar. Os c?es foram examinados clinicamente e uma entrevista foi realizada com seus propriet?rios para obten??o de dados sobre os animais e sua cria??o. Os testes do 2 ou exato de Fisher, quando necess?rio, foram empregados para mensurar as associa??es entre as vari?veis explicativas e a presen?a de infec??o. Todas as vari?veis com p 0,20 ? an?lise bivariada foram inclu?das na an?lise multivari?vel de regress?o log?stica. O m?todo backward elimination foi utilizado para selecionar as vari?veis para a modelagem estat?stica. O n?vel de signific?ncia para manter uma vari?vel no modelo final foi estabelecido em 5%. Foram reagentes 17 (2,0%) amostras. As vari?veis, c?es com acesso ? rua (p=0,03), infesta??o por ectoparasitas (p=0,03) e carrapatos (p=0,005), atividade reprodutiva (p=0,00001), contato com animais com dist?rbios reprodutivos (p=0,0009), luz solar (p=0,09), g?nero dos propriet?rios (p=0,16) e alojamento (p=0,12) foram selecionadas para a modelagem. No modelo final, as vari?veis infesta??o por carrapatos (OR= 5,47, IC 1,67-17,86), atividade reprodutiva (OR= 9,40, IC 2,88-30,65), contato com animais com problemas reprodutivos (OR= 7,90, IC 2,18-28,64) e presen?a de luz solar na resid?ncia (OR= 0,21, IC 0,06-0,64) se mantiveram estatisticamente associadas ? soropositividade para B. canis, ap?s o controle das vari?veis de confundimento. Os sinais cl?nicos associados ? infec??o foram o abortamento, dermatite escrotal, altera??es nos olhos e ocorr?ncia de n?dulos. Os resultados desta pesquisa indicam que a brucelose canina em popula??es semelhantes ? estudada ? uma doen?a rara e associada ?s vari?veis relativas ao manejo dos animais, refor?ando a necessidade de um bom manejo sanit?rio e reprodutivo para a preven??o e controle. A detec??o de sinais cl?nicos associados com a soropositividade para B.canis ressalta a import?ncia, de uma boa anamnese do c?o, bem como um exame cl?nico minucioso quando atendidos em cl?nicas.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-07-19T11:17:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Tiago de Andrade Chaves.pdf: 554789 bytes, checksum: 8b331ddf709ed404e7783dcae1b07269 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-19T11:17:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Tiago de Andrade Chaves.pdf: 554789 bytes, checksum: 8b331ddf709ed404e7783dcae1b07269 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-25 / In rural areas the native forest fragments and the presence of the tree element can provide many ecosystem services to the population and the productive system. However, due to the small size of the properties of small producers in the state of Rio de Janeiro, linked to the fear of losing production areas with the introduction of trees not always this element is part of the system. One of the strategies found for the introduction of tree species in production systems is the use of it as a hedge. The objective of this study was to test the cutting propagation of multifunctional forest species with potential for use as a living fence. It was assessed that the best position in the branch, apex or base and the use of nut grass extract in the rooting of cuttings of Schinus terebinthifolius, Gliricidia sepium, Croton urucurana, Trema micranta, Pouteria caimito and Casearia sylvestris. The vegetative propagules were immersed in distilled water or immersed in solution extract of C. rotundus tubers. We evaluated the number and size of buds, budding rate, shoot dry weight, rooting rate, root number, size of the largest root, root dry weight and survival rate. The species G. sepium, S. terebinthifolius and T. micranta presented rooting rate of 17.5%, 7.5% and 2.5%, respectively. The other did not send roots. As for the position in the branch, only 5% of apical cuttings of S. terebinthifolius issued roots. The highest rates were found budding in S. terebinthifolius (47.5%), G. sepium (27.5%), C. sylvestris (22.5%) and T. micranta (2.5%). The use of C. rotundus extract showed significant difference in the number of shoots of basal cuttings of G. sepium, but had no effect on rooting. Only G. sepium showed potential for reproduction by cuttings. The use of cuttings obtained from the base of the branches were more efficient in propagation of forest species. The use of fitoregulador not influenced rooting, however, showed potential in boosting the number of shoots in basal cuttings of G. sepium / Na ?rea rural os fragmentos de mata nativa e a presen?a do elemento arb?reo podem fornecer diversos servi?os ecossist?micos ? popula??o e ao sistema produtivo. Por?m, em consequ?ncia ao reduzido tamanho das propriedades dos pequenos produtores do estado do Rio de Janeiro, associado ao receio de perder ?reas de produ??o com a introdu??o das ?rvores, nem sempre este elemento faz parte do sistema produtivo. Uma das estrat?gias encontradas para agregar esp?cies arb?reas aos sistemas produtivos ? o uso das mesmas como cerca viva. O objetivo deste trabalho foi testar a propaga??o por estaquia de esp?cies florestais multifuncionais com potencial para uso como cerca viva. Foi avaliada qual a melhor posi??o do ramo, ?pice ou base e o uso do extrato de Cyperus rotundus sobre o enraizamento das estacas de Schinus terebinthifolius, Gliric?dia sepium, Croton urucurana, Trema micranta, Pouteria caimito e Casearia sylvestris. Os prop?gulos vegetativos foram imersos em ?gua destilada ou imersos em solu??o com 50% de ?gua destilada e 50 % de extrato de tub?rculos de C. rotundus. Foram avaliados o n?mero e tamanho dos brotos, taxa de brota??o, mat?ria seca de parte a?rea, taxa de enraizamento, n?mero de ra?zes prim?rias, tamanho da maior raiz, mat?ria seca de raiz e taxa de sobreviv?ncia. As esp?cies G. sepium, S. terebinthifolius e T. micranta apresentaram taxa de enraizamento de 17,5%, 7,5% e 2,5%, respectivamente. As demais n?o emitiram ra?zes. Quanto ? posi??o no ramo, somente 5% das estacas apicais de S. terebinthifolius emitiram ra?zes. As maiores taxas de brota??o foram encontradas em S. terebinthifolius (47,5%), G. sepium (27,5%), C. sylvestris (22,5%) e T. micranta (2,5 %). O uso do extrato de C. rotundus mostrou diferen?a significativa no n?mero de brotos das estacas basais de G. sepium, mas n?o apresentou influ?ncia no enraizamento. Nas condi??es avaliadas apenas a G. sepium apresentou potencial para a reprodu??o por estaquia. O uso de estacas obtidas a partir da base dos ramos mostraram-se mais eficientes na propaga??o das esp?cies florestais. O uso do fitoregulador n?o influenciou o enraizamento, no entanto, mostrou potencial no est?mulo do n?mero de brota??es nas estacas basais de G. sepium

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-07-21T12:10:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Rafaella Camara Teixeira.pdf: 2127524 bytes, checksum: 2f2281ce314ac38db40bc03d628e7447 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T12:10:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Rafaella Camara Teixeira.pdf: 2127524 bytes, checksum: 2f2281ce314ac38db40bc03d628e7447 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-25 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico, CNPq, Brasil. / Cell cultures provide a simplified system of observation that can be particularly useful for studies of intracellular and epicellular microorganisms. The aim of this study was to establish in vitro embryonic cells primary culture of the tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus to cultivate the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi american strain G39/40. The culture was established from embryonated eggs of engorged females of R. sanguineus to 12 days after the beginning of the oviposition, using the culture medium Leibovitz's L-15B supplemented with 20% of inactivated fetal calf serum, 10% of tryptose phosphate broth, 0.1% fraction V bovine albumin, 1% of glutamine and 0.1% of gentamicin antibiotic, pH 6.8. After the formation of a monolayer, the initial culture medium L-15B was removed from the tubes and replaced by Barbour-Stoenner-Kelly medium (BSK) or BSK with L-15B without antibiotics. Spirochetes previously grown in BSK were counted and inoculated into tubes, with final concentration of approximately 6.2 x 105 spirochetes/mL. B. burgdorferi from the inoculated tubes were countered when the means showed yellow color, indicative of high acidity due to the multiplication of spirochetes. On the third day after the start of primary culture of R. sanguineus embryonic cells, we observed the fixation of cell aggregates on the surface of the bottles. From these clusters, there were several cell types, such as large fibroblast-type cells and structures like vesicles and tubes. In the second week, we observed the appearance of round or flattened epithelial-type cells, and after 21 days of culture, we realized the formation of a monolayer due to the appearance of confluent cells. The L-15B medium proved to be efficient for the development of primary culture of R. sanguineus embryonic cells. There was a great multiplication of spirochetes cultivated with cultured embryonic cells when compared to the initial concentration, as well as the spirochetes grown in the absence of the tick cells, observing an increase of 100 times the number of B. burgdorferi. Seven days after inoculation, the tubes in which we used only the BSK medium, higher concentrations of B. burgdorferi were recovered when compared to the tubes where the medium BSK and Leibovitz's L-15B were used. Regardless of the culture media tested, the final concentration of B. burgdorferi of the tubes with embryonic tick cells was lower than that of seamless embryonic cells. In observation of the culture tubes on microscopy phase contrast, spirochetes were presented adhered to epithelial-type and fibroblast-type tick cells in an epicelular way and with great motility. R. sanguineus embryonic cells grown in BSK medium, with or without B. burgdorferi inoculation, stopped its propagation, showed membrane degeneration and many of them broke away from the surface of the bottle. The cells grown in BSK and L- 15B continued to multiply, many were still intact and attached to the bottle, with the presence of tissues in development, with fewer degenerated and floating cells than those cultivated in BSK. The spirochete B. burgdorferi strain G39/40, adhered, grew, multiplied and showed great motility in cultures of embryonic cells of R. sanguineus tick, using BSK and Leibovitz?s L-15B media. / As culturas celulares oferecem um simplificado sistema de observa??o que pode ser particularmente ?til para estudos de microrganismos intracelulares e epicelulares. O objetivo deste estudo foi estabelecer cultura prim?ria in vitro de c?lulas embrion?rias do carrapato Rhipicephalus sanguineus para cultivo da espiroqueta Borrelia burgdorferi, cepa americana G39/40. A cultura foi estabelecida a partir de ovos embrionados de f?meas ingurgitadas de R. sanguineus com 12 dias ap?s o ?nicio da postura, utilizando o meio de cultivo Leibovitz?s L- 15B, suplementado com 20% de soro fetal bovino inativado, 10% de caldo triptose fosfato, 0,1% fra??o V de albumina bovina, 1% de glutamina e 0,1% de antibi?tico gentamicina, pH 6,8. Com a forma??o de uma monocamada celular, o meio de cultura inicial L-15B foi retirado dos tubos e trocado por meio Barbour-Stoenner-Kelly (BSK) ou BSK com L-15B sem antibi?tico. As espiroquetas previamente cultivadas em BSK foram contadas e inoculadas nos tubos, apresentando concentra??o final de aproximadamente 6,2 x 105 espiroquetas/mL. A contagem de B. burgdorferi dos tubos inoculados foi realizada quando o meio apresentou colora??o amarela, indicativa de elevada acidez devido ? multiplica??o das espiroquetas. No terceiro dia ap?s o in?cio da cultura prim?ria de c?lulas embrion?rias de R. sanguineus, foi poss?vel observar a fixa??o de agregados celulares na superf?cie dos frascos. A partir destes agregados, surgiram diversos tipos celulares, como grandes c?lulas fibroblast?ides e estruturas semelhantes a ves?culas e tubos. Na segunda semana, foi observado o aparecimento das c?lulas epiteli?ides ou redondas e, com 21 dias de cultivo, visualizou-se a forma??o de uma monocamada celular devido ao aspecto confluente das c?lulas. O meio de cultivo L-15B demonstrou ser eficiente para o desenvolvimento da cultura prim?ria de c?lulas embrion?rias de R. sanguineus. Houve grande multiplica??o das espiroquetas cultivadas com c?lulas embrion?rias quando comparada ? concentra??o inicial, assim como das espiroquetas cultivadas na aus?ncia das c?lulas de carrapato, observando-se um aumento em 100 vezes do n?mero de B. burgdorferi. Sete dias ap?s a inocula??o, foram recuperadas maiores concentra??es de B. burgdorferi nos tubos onde se utilizou somente o meio BSK, do que nos tubos onde foi utilizado BSK juntamente com Leibovitz?s L-15B. Independente dos meios de cultivo testados, a concentra??o final de B. burgdorferi dos tubos com c?lulas embrion?rias de carrapato foi menor do que a dos tubos sem c?lulas embrion?rias. Na observa??o dos tubos de cultivo ? microscopia de contraste de fase, as espiroquetas apresentaram-se aderidas ?s c?lulas de carrapato epiteli?ides e fibroblast?ides de maneira epicelular e com grande motilidade. As c?lulas embrion?rias de R. sanguineus cultivadas em meio BSK, com ou sem in?culo de B. burgdorferi, pararam sua multiplica??o, apresentaram degenera??o na membrana e muitas desprenderam-se da superf?cie do frasco. As c?lulas cultivadas em meio BSK e L-15B continuaram a se multiplicar, muitas ainda estavam ?ntegras e aderidas ao frasco, com presen?a de tecidos em desenvolvimento, com menos c?lulas degeneradas e flutuantes que as cultivadas somente em BSK. A espiroqueta B. burgdorferi, cepa G39/40, aderiu, cresceu, multiplicou e apresentou grande motilidade nos cultivos com c?lulas embrion?rias do carrapato R. sanguineus, utilizando meios BSK e Leibovitz?s L-15B.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-07-24T12:38:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Wilson Franklim de Vasconcelos Filho.pdf: 785209 bytes, checksum: a1bf8c5a2306da3cdf30db3da6cf4f0d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-24T12:38:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Wilson Franklim de Vasconcelos Filho.pdf: 785209 bytes, checksum: a1bf8c5a2306da3cdf30db3da6cf4f0d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-05 / Planos de Reestrutura??o e Expans?o das Universidades Federais (Reuni) / Even with technological advances in the field of artificial insemination, there is a huge number of people freezing semen in a manual way. This technique has proven to be viable, however, it is difficult to standardize the cooling and freezing curves, since they depend on the quality of the material used (refrigerator sealing, type of cooler, liquid nitrogen level and other). Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the cryopreservation of bovine semen using two freezing techniques (conventional and automated) on motility, vigor and heat resistance of the sperm after thawing. The experiment was developed over a period of 12 weeks, divided into two parts, an initial six weeks part where Tris-yolk extender was used and a second part in which the extender used was Citrate-yolk. Three Holstein bulls were used for weekly semen collection by artificial vagina method. After collection, were evaluated: volume, motility, mass motility and sperm concentration to find out the number of doses. After dilution, the semen was stored in straws of 0.5 ml. Then the straws were subjected to conventional freezing technique (use of refrigerator, nitrogen vapor and immersion in liquid nitrogen) and automated technique (machine from Cryogen ?). After 24 hours the samples were thawed, re-tested and underwent the quick thermoresistance test. The results were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance (nonparametric) with a significance level of 5% with the aid of BioEstat 4 and Systat 11 PC-programs. There was significant difference (p <0.05) between automated and manual techniques for both extenders used, and the automated technique has presented the best results for motility and vigor after cryopreservation and thermoresistance test. Thus, we can conclude that the automated technique to freezing bovine semen has shown to be advantageous and practical because as well as providing better results, it standardizes cooling and freezing curves. / Mesmo com os avan?os tecnol?gicos no campo da insemina??o artificial, ainda ? grande o n?mero de pessoas que realizam a congela??o de s?men de maneira manual. Esta t?cnica tem se mostrado vi?vel, por?m, ? dif?cil padronizar as curvas de resfriamento e de congela??o, uma vez que dependem da qualidade do material utilizado (veda??o da geladeira, tipo de caixa de isopor, quantidade de gelo, n?vel de nitrog?nio l?quido e outros). Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da criopreserva??o de s?men bovino utilizando duas t?cnicas de congela??o (convencional e automatizada) sobre a motilidade, vigor e resist?ncia t?rmica dos espermatoz?ides ap?s a descongela??o. O experimento foi elaborado em um per?odo de 12 semanas, sendo dividido em duas partes, uma inicial de seis semanas onde foi utilizado o diluidor Tris-gema e uma segunda parte na qual o diluidor utilizado foi Citrato-gema. Foram utilizados tr?s touros holandeses para coleta de s?men semanal pelo m?todo da vagina artificial. Ap?s a coleta, foram avaliados: volume, motilidade, turbilhonamento, vigor e concentra??o esperm?tica para determina??o do n?mero de doses. Ap?s dilui??o, o s?men foi envasado em palhetas de 0,5 ml. Em seguida, as palhetas foram submetidas ?s t?cnicas de congela??o convencional (uso de geladeira, vapor de nitrog?nio e imers?o em nitrog?nio l?quido) e automatizada (aparelho da Cryogen?). Ap?s 24 horas as amostras foram descongeladas, reavaliadas e submetidas ao teste de termoresist?ncia r?pido (TTR). Os resultados foram analisados pelo teste Kruskal-Wallis (an?lise de vari?ncia n?o param?trica) com n?vel de signific?ncia de 5% com aux?lio dos programas BioEstat 4 e Systat 11. Houve diferen?a significativa (p<0,05) entre as t?cnicas automatizada e manual para os dois diluidores testados, sendo a t?cnica automatizada a que apresentou melhores resultados para motilidade e vigor ap?s a criopreserva??o e teste de resist?ncia t?rmica. Desta forma, pode-se concluir que a t?cnica automatizada para congela??o de s?men bovino apresenta-se vantajosa e pr?tica pois al?m de proporcionar melhores resultados, ela padroniza as curvas de refrigera??o e de congelamento.