The status of Information Systems (IS) as a discipline has been widely debated as a body of knowledge that offers a number of concepts, methods and techniques to understand and improve the roles of information communication systems and technologies in organizations. Current state of this debate as reported in academic journals signals an imperative to ground some of the perspectives in relation to what IS professionals use in practice in different cultural and geographical contexts. This paper aims to contribute to the debate by tracing the unfolding of information systems as a body of knowledge using the ideas of Abbott on disciplines. We use three different stages of a discipline's development: differentiation, conflict and absorption and map them using a citation and co-citation analyses of two main IS journals (EJIS and MISQ) in the period between 1995 and 2008. Our results indicate that dominant ideas and models to investigate IS phenomena emerged over time are behavioural based and study IS adoption/acceptance/rejection in organisations, many of which are predictive and thus lending themselves usable for positivistic quantitative and qualitative research. There are however stable varieties within IS building on interpretivism and constructivism that we need to recognise and reignite in order to ensure that this field continues moving forward, in particular in studying current and future processes of innovation and diffusion of technology worldwide. (author's abstract)

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Bibliometry; Citation analysis; Vectorials Spaces Model (VSM); Multidimensional Scaling (MDS); Mapping of Science; Contemporany History / The spatial perfomance of the relationships there are among researchers in Contemporany History of Jaén for 1990-1995 through their behaviour in citing process is the objetive of this work. Through reference analysis bases on Vectorial Spaces Model (VSM) and displayed in a graphic thanks to Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) are obtained results about research fronts, who lead them, who made up them, and the "disciple/master" relationships there are among researchers.

Examining a comprehensive set of papers (n = 1837) that were accepted for publication by the journal Angewandte Chemie International Edition (one of the prime chemistry journals in the world) or rejected by the journal but then published elsewhere, this study tested the extent to which the use of the freely available database Google Scholar (GS) can be expected to yield valid citation counts in the field of chemistry. Analyses of citations for the set of papers returned by three fee-based databases – Science Citation Index, Scopus, and Chemical Abstracts – were compared to the analysis of citations found using GS data. Whereas the analyses using citations returned by the three fee-based databases show very similar results, the results of the analysis using GS citation data differed greatly from the findings using citations from the fee-based databases. Our study therefore supports, on the one hand, the convergent validity of citation analyses based on data from the fee-based databases and, on the other hand, the lack of convergent validity of the citation analysis based on the GS data.

This is a correspondence on "Science in India" which was written by R. P. Gupta in the same issue of Current Science. In responding to Gupta's idea to "use citations per paper in addition to the number of papers published by a country," Arunachalam argues that the citations to all papers from these countries are more important. Compares the rates of total papers, total citations, as well as "citations per paper", trying to showing which index is more meaningful for conveying research significance.

Cette thèse porte sur la citation dans l'imagerie contemporaine, plus exactement sur le transfert complet ou partiel d’images dans un lieu d’accueil de médium différent. L'objectif est de démontrer comment, en choisissant un médium autre que celui de l'image citée, l'artiste citant se présente et se représente comme «relanceur» des arts. L’hypothèse est la suivante: pour le citateur, l'acte citationnel repose sur deux objectifs qui se confrontent: celui de s'identifier à l'autre cité et de reconnaître la valeur exemplaire du modèle; celui de s'approprier l'image source et de la recomposer par le biais d’une pratique personnelle dans un contexte qui favorise les mélanges et les déplacements de tous ordres à distance des hiérarchies conventionnelles. L'étude s'appuie sur le concept d’«icono-logique» développé par le sémioticien Pierre Fresnault-Deruelle qui stipule que toute image fonctionne par rapport à d’autres images virtuelles. Cette notion est à la base de l'élaboration du schéma de la mobilité citationnelle qui guide les analyses de cas. La méthode spécifiquement axée sur les conséquences du changement de médium cherche à faire ressortir les écarts spatiotemporels et structurels entre les œuvres citantes et les œuvres citées, distanciations qui instaurent un système de déplacements liés à des facteurs d’expression (médium, style) et de contenu (genre et motifs). La thèse est divisée en deux parties: la première présente les états de faits, le type de corpus, les assises théoriques majeures et la méthodologie. La seconde regroupe les analyses de cas. Le Chapitre 1 aborde d’un point de vue critique les différentes théories sémiotiques portant sur la citation et élabore une réflexion sur les nouveaux paradigmes en regard de la pratique artistique aux XXe et XXIe siècles. Le Chapitre 2 porte sur les circonstances de prégnance des œuvres citantes en lien avec le concept de la doxa. Le postulat est le suivant: en citant le modèle dans un médium différent, le citateur bouscule les structures et les habitudes culturelles et, en cela, les images sont non seulement paradoxales, elles sont parodiques et ironiques. Cependant, considérant que l'acte citationnel est essentiellement imitatif, il est étroitement lié à la théorie de la mimêsis. Ainsi, en tant que re-production, la citation participe de la mouvance «icono-logique», en ce qu’elle sollicite l'activation de la mémoire du récepteur et fait appel à sa connaissance d’une vaste imagerie. Le Chapitre 3 réfléchit sur les constituants du schéma de la mobilité quant aux écarts spatiotemporels (mobilité horizontale) et aux écarts structurels (mobilité verticale) qui mettent en relief la manière dont les images citantes interrogent plus qu’elles ne renient les répartitions traditionnelles des genres et des thèmes et créent des lieux inédits de représentation. Les Chapitres 4 et 5 regroupent les analyses de cas rassemblées sous les rubriques Médiums courants en art et Médiums populaires. Afin de faire ressortir la complexité du remodelage, chaque couplage d’une ou de plusieurs œuvres citées et d’une image citante est systématiquement abordé sur le plan de l'expression et sur le plan du contenu. À la fin de chacune des analyses sont relevées les principales stratégies citationnelles reliées au transfert de médium. En conclusion et pour ouvrir la réflexion sur d’autres possibilités de transferts, deux cas très récents seront appelés à témoins. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : citation, médium, transfert, déplacement, appropriation.

Texte remanié de: Diss--Bruxelles, 2003. / Traduit du français par l'auteur. Bibliogr. p. 299-318.

Pioneers are those who, in some way, lead their peers to new destinations. In the evolution of a domain, the pioneers might very well be those who have followed a theoretical principle in some particularly ardent manner, thus leading the rest of the domain toward an evolving research front. The present paper is an attempt to use the tools of domain analysis to diachronically analyze the domain of knowledge organization as it is evolving in North America. That is we use bibliometric tools to identify the axes that define North American knowledge organization and its scientists, who are its pioneers. The evolution of a North American chapter of the International Society for Knowledge Organization (ISKO) marks a growth in coherence of a long active research area. An interesting research question is: what are the characteristics of North American scholarship in knowledge organization? Author co-citation analysis of North American authors whose work appeared in the journal Knowledge Organization is contrasted with author co-citation analysis of authors from outside North America. North American leaders are clearly identified, and some themesâ such as knowledge organization onlineâ that are emergent topics in North America are identified.

This article talks about issues related to both the quality and the quantity of science and science journals in India. It argues that different citation analyses will result in varied conclusions. It also compares such indices between India and China.

This report identifies and analyzes the science and technology core competencies of China. The first part of the study was performed in the 2003-2004 time frame, and analyzes databases containing 2000-2003 data for China. The second part of the report was sponsored in part by ONR Global, and contains an analysis of 2005 data from China. For the first part of the study, aggregate China publication and citation bibliometrics were obtained, and manual and statistical taxonomies were generated. The manual taxonomy was based on reading a random sample of ten percent of all China records retrieved, and included many manually-assigned attributes for each record. The statistical taxonomies were based on both word/ phrase clustering and document clustering. For the second part of the study, one hierarchical research taxonomy, based on document clustering, was generated. The second hierarchical level of this research taxonomy for 2005 records contains four categories: 1) chemistry (5841 records); 2) physics/ materials (13966 records); 3) mathematics (7162 records); life sciences (7377 records). The physics/ materials category has almost three times as many records as the chemistry category, and twice the records of the mathematics category. Detailed analysis of the taxonomy allowed four representative technical topics to be identified (nanotechnology; genetics; alloys; crops), and bibliometrics analysis was performed for each topic. Use of bibliometrics (e.g., key researchers, Centers of Excellence, core journals) allowed the infrastructure of these technical areas to be identified. Two unique approaches were developed to compare characteristics of Chinaâ s science and technology output with that of other countries. First, a novel method was used to compare the impact/ quality of all of Chinaâ s research with that of two other countries, India and Australia. Second, a unique approach was used to compare Chinaâ s research investment emphases/ strategy relative to that of the USA. Chinaâ s output of research articles has expanded dramatically in the last decade. In terms of sheer numbers of research articles, especially in critical technologies (e.g., nanotechnology, energetic materials), it is among the leaders. In terms of citation impact, it was higher than India in all major categories (e.g., Physical, Environmental, Materials, and Life Sciences), but was lower than Australia in all these major categories. In terms of investment strategy relative to that of the USA, China is investing more heavily in the hard science areas that underpin modern defense and commercial activities, whereas the USA is investing more heavily in the medical, psychological, and social problem (e.g., drug use) science areas that underpin improvement of individual health and comfort.