Recently, Internet has been used widely. Many scholar digital libraries have also followed this trend and grown up quickly. However, information in these digital libraries is complex and huge. Users are difficult to discover papers they need; instead, they often get lost in the information. When they search these digital libraries, they are also limited to the documents which are embodied in these digital libraries, and can not locate important papers in other journals. Citation Analysis has been used in many areas and it is used in this research to build an expert system. Further, we will discover important papers which can represent these research areas. We called these papers as ¡§Key Papers¡¨. A citation can be classified by its relation as ¡§Direct Citation¡¨ and ¡§Indirect Citation¡¨. Many researchers showed that indirect citations held influence, but in the past they just used direct citations to calculate importance and neglected indirect citations. This research combined direct and indirect relations into one index, and used this index to build the expert system. In addition, we provided a visualization of papers¡¦ citation relations, and helped users to find key papers in their research areas. In order to test our system, we collected the top six journals in MIS, totally 7579 papers, and extracted 129114 citations from these papers. The result showed no differences between direct and indirect citations. However, key papers that didn¡¦t belong to these journals could be discovered, and using top three journals could obtain the same result as found in using top six journals.

La majorité d'entre nous tend à désigner vaguement les croisements référentiels entre les différents médiums artistiques: hommage, renvoi, clin d'oeil, etc. Au cinéma, les relations textuelles (que le critique ou le cinéphile aiment bien essayer de retracer) ont le statut de citation, de remake, de réminiscence. L'étude que nous proposons ici porte plus spécifiquement sur le rôle que joue l'utilisation de la pratique de la citation comme opération constitutive de sens, comme bricolage, sur la perception du film. Notre réflexion sémio-théorique, s'appuyant sur les théories littéraires de la citation, cherche à identifier au sein du film les principales relations entretenues avec la peinture et la photographie. Le premier chapitre, intitulé « La citation: une pratique littéraire et visuelle », est consacré à l'état de la question de la citation (définition des différents types de citation) et à sa théorisation (la citation comme acte et comme signe puis les fonctions de la citation). Nous prendrons comme fondements théoriques les textes d'Antoine Compagnon puis de René Payant. En fait, cette partie du mémoire consiste à développer l'idée centrale et plus globale de la citation en général dans les différents domaines artistiques puis au cinéma. Le deuxième chapitre, « La citation au cinéma », est dédié à l'image cinématographique qui peut s'approprier les spécificités de la peinture et de la photographie par la citation. Or, nous analyserons différents types de citations qui peuvent se présenter dans le film, la citation visuelle au cinéma se faisant par reproduction ou évocation d'autres oeuvres. En fait, nous verrons à l'aide de différents exemples comment les marqueurs textuels de la citation se transposent au cinéma. L'interprétation des « plans-tableaux » dans les oeuvres cinématographiques de réalisateurs tels que Stanley Kubrick, Erich Rohmer ou Wim Wenders, est donc contraint à une phraséologie exacte, une spécificité constitutive de la citation. Ainsi, la présentation de types de « plans-tableaux» comme la citation-reconstitutions ou la découverte, est tirée des fondements de Pascal Bonitzer. La tendance à la citation peut également s'affirmer dans la photographie de mode dont la prévalence de la narrativité fait aussi l'objet de notre étude puisqu'elle génère notre propos sur la citation de la photographie de mode, influencée par l'instantané, entre autres, dans l'oeuvre cinématographique de Vincent Gallo. Le dernier chapitre, « La citation picturale et photographique dans le film Buffalo 66 de Vincent Gallo », est consacré à Vincent Gallo et à l'interprétation de son long-métrage Buffalo 66 ainsi qu'aux oeuvres qu'il rappelle, c'est-à-dire le style de ses propres tableaux ainsi que la forme d'une certaine photographies de mode évoquant l'instantané. Les oeuvres cinématographiques de Gallo revendiquent donc des retours permanents à sa peinture et la photographie de mode. Bien qu'il ne soit pas facile de retrouver toujours la source de leur inspiration, toutes ces oeuvres, picturales, photographiques ou cinématographiques, dont celles qui sont produites et citées par Vincent Gallo, suggèrent un motif source découlant d'une stratégie d'emprunt et d'une méthode individuelle de transposition. Dans le cas de Buffalo 66, la citation formelle et stylistique pastiche la peinture de Gallo et la photographie de mode. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Cinéma, Peinture, Photographie, Mode, Citation, Pastiche, Vincent Gallo.

An effective bibliometric analysis based on Science Citation Index (SCI) and Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) published by the Institute of Scientific Information (ISI) was carried out to identify the long-term care research between 1991 and 2008. The objective was to conduct a quantitative and qualitative analysis for global trends of long-term care related research. The characteristics related to publications were analyzed. Apparently more and more authors, institutes, and countries engaged in the research over the 18 years. The USA produced the most single country articles and international collaborative articles, followed by Canada and UK. Synthetically analyzing the distribution of paper title, author keyword and keyword plus, it could be concluded that application of long-term care mainly focused on five branches. There are gerontology, psychiatry, health care science, nursing and epidemiology.

Thesis (M.S.)--Brigham Young University. Dept. of Computer Science, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 37-38).

The authors describe a large-scale, longitudinal citation analysis of intellectual trading between information studies and cognate disciplines. The results of their investigation reveal the extent to which information studies draws on and, in turn, contributes to the ideational substrates of other academic domains. Their data show that the field has become a more successful exporter of ideas as well as less introverted than was previously the case. In the last decade, information studies has begun to contribute significantly to the literatures of such disciplines as computer science and engineering on the one hand and business and management on the other, while also drawing more heavily on those same literatures.

This study examines the differences between Scopus and Web of Science in the citation counting, citation ranking, and h-index of 22 top human-computer interaction (HCI) researchers from EQUATOR--a large British Interdisciplinary Research Collaboration project. Results show that Scopus provides significantly more coverage of HCI literature than Web of Science, primarily due to coverage of relevant ACM and IEEE peer-reviewed conference proceedings. No significant differences exist between the two databases if citations in journals only are compared. Although broader coverage of the literature does not significantly alter the relative citation ranking of individual researchers, Scopus helps distinguish between the researchers in a more nuanced fashion than Web of Science in both citation counting and h-index. Scopus also generates significantly different maps of citation networks of individual scholars than those generated by Web of Science. The study also presents a comparison of h-index scores based on Google Scholar with those based on the union of Scopus and Web of Science. The study concludes that Scopus can be used as a sole data source for citation-based research and evaluation in HCI, especially if citations in conference proceedings are sought and that h scores should be manually calculated instead of relying on system calculations.

Environment and Planning B (forthcoming) / To be published in Environment and Planning B (2007; forthcoming). Abstract: The citation impact of Environment and Planning B can be visualized using its citation relations with journals in its environment as the links of a network. The size of the nodes is varied in correspondence to the relative citation impact in this environment. Additionally, one can correct for the effect of within-journal â selfâ -citations. The network can be partitioned and clustered using algorithms from social network analysis. After transposing the matrix in terms of rows and columns, the citing patterns can be mapped analogously. Citing patterns reflect the activity of the community of authors who publish in the journal, while being cited indicates reception. Environment and Planning B is cited across the interface between the social sciences and the natural sciences, but its authors cite almost exclusively from the domain of the Social Science Citation Index.

[English abstract] The procedures by which library collections can be evaluated are quite diverse, and some are rather complex. The Cantor Set Theory is applied with a structuralist approach as a methodological aid to decision-making about the collections development. The methodology suggested here makes use of local holdings information based on an evaluative study of the Spanish university library collections.

We explore the relationship between creativity and both chronological and professional age in information science using a novel bibliometric approach that allows us to capture the shape of a scholar's career. Our approach draws on Galenson's (2006) analyses of artistic creativity, notably his distinction between conceptual and experimental innovation, and also Lehman's (1953) seminal study of the relationship between stage of career and outstanding performance. The data presented here suggest that creativity is expressed in different ways, at different times and with different intensities in academic information science.

This study investigates the Web Impact Factors (WIFs) for Iranian universities and introduces a new system of measurement. Counts of links to the web sites of Iranian universities were calculated from the output of AltaVista search engine. The WIFs for Iranian universities were calculated by dividing link page counts by the number of pages found in AltaVista for each university at a given point in time. These WIFs were then compared, to study the impact, visibility, and influence of Iranian university web sites. Overall, Iranian university web sites have a low inlink WIF. While specific features of sites may affect an institution's Web Impact Factor, there is a significant correlation between the proportion of English-language pages at an institution's site and the institution's backlink counts. This indicates that for linguistic reasons, Iranian (Persian-language) web sites may not attract the attention they deserve from the World Wide Web. This raises the possibility that information may be ignored due to linguistic and geographic barriers, and this should be taken into account in the development of the global Web.