Análise das formas de produção e das instâncias de distinção no domínio da Organização e Representação do Conhecimento no Brasil. O objetivo geral da pesquisa é elaborar e aplicar um modelo de análise das relações de produção e distinção no domínio da Organização e Representação do Conhecimento no Brasil segundo as concepções teóricas das citações, por meio das menções efetuadas pelos pesquisadores brasileiros nos artigos de periódicos e anais do ENANCIB de 2011 a 2014. Têm-se como objetivos específicos: a) formular e aplicar um modelo teórico-metodológico de análise de produção e distinção, com base nos postulados das teorias e concepções das citações; b) identificar e caracterizar as correntes teóricas e metodológicas do domínio da Organização e Representação do Conhecimento em um quadro de referências; c) mapear e analisar a rede de artigos e citações do domínio da Organização e Representação do Conhecimento no Brasil; e d) distinguir e relacionar os conceitos de produção e distinção com a rede de artigos e citações da comunidade científica brasileira do domínio. Discute e problematiza as práticas de citação enquanto fenômenos socialmente construídos no universo da ciência, em suas vertentes objetiva e subjetiva, como também apresenta resultados oriundos dessas práticas na produção científica do campo da Ciência da Informação brasileira. Sistematiza o conjunto de contribuições acerca das teorias voltadas aos estudos de citação por meio de quadros sinópticos da matriz epistemológica, com enfoque nos seguintes elementos: objetos, objetivos, variáveis, métodos e resultados. Apresenta a configuração da concepção sociocultural para os estudos de citação como alternativa complementar às teorias e metodologias vigentes, com vistas à integração em um modelo multidimensional. Utiliza da triangulação de métodos para o alcance dos objetivos e direcionados para três corpus distintos e relacionados ao domínio da Organização e Representação do Conhecimento, configurando-se com uma investigação de base metodológica e descritiva. Os principais resultados da pesquisa são: a) as formas de produção explicitam relações de dominação, de cooperação e coexistência entre atores e instituições; b) as instâncias de distinção evidenciam vínculos coerentes e contraditórios no cenário de disputas, com marcas representativas de relações de dominação, de igualdade e de coexistência; e c) as relações de produção e consagração se manifestam por meio da autocitação como componente ideológico institucional que assegura o padrão de excelência historicamente reivindicado e proclamado pelos atores. Revela que as formas de produção e as instâncias de distinção, enquanto elementos dinâmicos que refletem a constituição e institucionalização da atividade científica, podem ser visualizados por meio das práticas de citação em suas perspectivas objetivas e subjetivas. / Analysis of the production forms and distinction instances at the Knowledge Organization and Representation domain in Brazil. The research general objective is to elaborate and apply an analysis model of the production and distinction relations in the Knowledge Organization and Representation domain in Brazil according to the citations theoretical conceptions, through the mentions made by Brazilian researchers at the articles periodicals and proceedings of ENANCIB from 2011 to 2014. The specific objectives are: a) To formulate and apply a theoretical-methodological model of production and distinction analysis, based upon the theories and citations concepts postulates; B) To identify and characterize the theoretical and methodological concepts at the Knowledge Organization and Representation domain in a references framework; C) To map and analyze the articles and citations network at the Knowledge Organization and Representation domain in Brazil; and d) To distinguish and relate the production and distinction concepts with the articles and citations network at the Brazilian scientific community domain. It discusses and problematizes citation practices as socially constructed phenomena at the science universe, in its objective and subjective aspects, but also presents results from these practices at the scientific production of the Brazilian Information Science field. It systematizes a set of contributions focused on citation studies theories through epistemological matrix synoptic tables, focusing on the following elements: objects, objectives, variables, methods and results. It presents the sociocultural idea configuration for the citation studies as a complementary alternative to the current theories and methodologies, in order to integrate into a multidimensional model. It uses the triangulation methods to achieve the objectives and direct it to three distinct and related corpus of the Knowledge Organization and Representation domain, configuring itself in an investigation based upon methodology and description. The main results of the research are: a) the production forms explain relations of domination, cooperation and coexistence between actors and institutions; b) the distinction instances show coherent and contradictory links at the disputes scene, with representative marks of domination, equality and coexistence relations; and c) the production and praise relations are manifested through self-citation as an institutional ideological component which ensures the historically claimed and proclaimed standard of excellence by the actors. It reveals that production forms and distinction instances, as dynamic elements that reflect the constitution and scientific activity institutionalization, can be visualized through the citation practice in their objective and subjective perspectives.

Análise das formas de produção e das instâncias de distinção no domínio da Organização e Representação do Conhecimento no Brasil. O objetivo geral da pesquisa é elaborar e aplicar um modelo de análise das relações de produção e distinção no domínio da Organização e Representação do Conhecimento no Brasil segundo as concepções teóricas das citações, por meio das menções efetuadas pelos pesquisadores brasileiros nos artigos de periódicos e anais do ENANCIB de 2011 a 2014. Têm-se como objetivos específicos: a) formular e aplicar um modelo teórico-metodológico de análise de produção e distinção, com base nos postulados das teorias e concepções das citações; b) identificar e caracterizar as correntes teóricas e metodológicas do domínio da Organização e Representação do Conhecimento em um quadro de referências; c) mapear e analisar a rede de artigos e citações do domínio da Organização e Representação do Conhecimento no Brasil; e d) distinguir e relacionar os conceitos de produção e distinção com a rede de artigos e citações da comunidade científica brasileira do domínio. Discute e problematiza as práticas de citação enquanto fenômenos socialmente construídos no universo da ciência, em suas vertentes objetiva e subjetiva, como também apresenta resultados oriundos dessas práticas na produção científica do campo da Ciência da Informação brasileira. Sistematiza o conjunto de contribuições acerca das teorias voltadas aos estudos de citação por meio de quadros sinópticos da matriz epistemológica, com enfoque nos seguintes elementos: objetos, objetivos, variáveis, métodos e resultados. Apresenta a configuração da concepção sociocultural para os estudos de citação como alternativa complementar às teorias e metodologias vigentes, com vistas à integração em um modelo multidimensional. Utiliza da triangulação de métodos para o alcance dos objetivos e direcionados para três corpus distintos e relacionados ao domínio da Organização e Representação do Conhecimento, configurando-se com uma investigação de base metodológica e descritiva. Os principais resultados da pesquisa são: a) as formas de produção explicitam relações de dominação, de cooperação e coexistência entre atores e instituições; b) as instâncias de distinção evidenciam vínculos coerentes e contraditórios no cenário de disputas, com marcas representativas de relações de dominação, de igualdade e de coexistência; e c) as relações de produção e consagração se manifestam por meio da autocitação como componente ideológico institucional que assegura o padrão de excelência historicamente reivindicado e proclamado pelos atores. Revela que as formas de produção e as instâncias de distinção, enquanto elementos dinâmicos que refletem a constituição e institucionalização da atividade científica, podem ser visualizados por meio das práticas de citação em suas perspectivas objetivas e subjetivas. / Analysis of the production forms and distinction instances at the Knowledge Organization and Representation domain in Brazil. The research general objective is to elaborate and apply an analysis model of the production and distinction relations in the Knowledge Organization and Representation domain in Brazil according to the citations theoretical conceptions, through the mentions made by Brazilian researchers at the articles periodicals and proceedings of ENANCIB from 2011 to 2014. The specific objectives are: a) To formulate and apply a theoretical-methodological model of production and distinction analysis, based upon the theories and citations concepts postulates; B) To identify and characterize the theoretical and methodological concepts at the Knowledge Organization and Representation domain in a references framework; C) To map and analyze the articles and citations network at the Knowledge Organization and Representation domain in Brazil; and d) To distinguish and relate the production and distinction concepts with the articles and citations network at the Brazilian scientific community domain. It discusses and problematizes citation practices as socially constructed phenomena at the science universe, in its objective and subjective aspects, but also presents results from these practices at the scientific production of the Brazilian Information Science field. It systematizes a set of contributions focused on citation studies theories through epistemological matrix synoptic tables, focusing on the following elements: objects, objectives, variables, methods and results. It presents the sociocultural idea configuration for the citation studies as a complementary alternative to the current theories and methodologies, in order to integrate into a multidimensional model. It uses the triangulation methods to achieve the objectives and direct it to three distinct and related corpus of the Knowledge Organization and Representation domain, configuring itself in an investigation based upon methodology and description. The main results of the research are: a) the production forms explain relations of domination, cooperation and coexistence between actors and institutions; b) the distinction instances show coherent and contradictory links at the disputes scene, with representative marks of domination, equality and coexistence relations; and c) the production and praise relations are manifested through self-citation as an institutional ideological component which ensures the historically claimed and proclaimed standard of excellence by the actors. It reveals that production forms and distinction instances, as dynamic elements that reflect the constitution and scientific activity institutionalization, can be visualized through the citation practice in their objective and subjective perspectives.

This thesis describes bibliometric indicators and bibliometric methods and presents their potential practical application on the analysis of the Czech scientific journal Czechoslovak Psychology. The introduction provides a historical development of bibliometry, a scientific classification of bibliometry and presents some of the main thinkers in the field. The thesis then continues with the exploration of bibliographic methods and laws and sets them into wider context with the issue of current evaluation of scientific journals and the issue of the scientific work itself. The research deals with the scientific journal Czechoslovak Psychology and the subject of psychology is briefly presented to the reader. The practical part of the research focuses on the use of bibliometric methods in the qualitative analysis of data from Web of Science and Scopus citation databases, these registers are compared with each other. The conclusion presents the results from this bibliometric analysis and suggests recommendations for further bibliometric research.

本研究旨在探討社會科學各學科期刊自我引用之情形。根據學者專家意見所做的社會科學範圍比較以及SSCI資料庫中對於社會科學類期刊收錄範圍所做的分類，共同篩選本研究的核心學科期刊，包括：人類學（51種）、商業學（101種）、經濟學（173種）、教育學（124種）、歷史學（54種）、資訊科學與圖書館學（53種）、法律學（99種）、管理學（73種）、政治學（83種）、心理學（423種）、社會工作與社會學（146種）等十一類學科。 採用Thomson Scientific公司所製作之2005年版SSCI的JCR資料庫社會科學學科期刊之引用數據，包括：刊載文章篇數、被引用次數、影響因素、即時引用指數、引用半衰期、被引用半衰期、同時法自我引用率及歷時法自我引用率等八項數據之各學科基本特性介紹，並利用皮爾森相關係數、費雪爾Z轉換、獨立樣本T檢定等統計方法進行分析。 研究結果歸納如下。： 一、社會科學各學科期刊的基本特性分析 1.社會科學期刊出刊頻率以季刊為主，其次為雙月刊，以經濟學的年出刊次數最多樣化，政治學的年出刊次數分佈最廣泛。 2.社會科學學科期刊的年刊載文章篇數，主要分佈在20~29篇，其次是30~39篇。 3.社會科學學科期刊的被引用次數，主要集中在100~199次，其次為分佈在200~299次。 4.期刊影響因素主要集中在0.001~0.999，幾近90%的社會科學期刊影響因素都未達2。 5.即時引用指數以分佈在0.001~0.099之間的居多，即時引用指數大於0.5以上的學科，以法律學最高，其次為心理學。 6.社會科學期刊十一類學科引用的參考文獻，以大於10年以上的資料為大多數，除了資訊科學與圖書館學(5至5.9年)和(法律學7至7.9年) 7.社會科學十一種學科期刊的被引用半衰期，主要是分佈在大於等於10年以上，僅有資訊科學與圖書館學(6年至6.9年)和政治學(5年至5.9年)。 8.十一種社會科學學科期刊的同時法自我引用率分佈，主要集中於1%至9.99%，佔社會科學學科期刊的77.75%。 9.十一種社會科學學科期刊的歷時法自我引用率分佈，主要集中於1%至9.99%(佔40.22%)。其次分佈在10%至19.99%(佔32.54%)。 顯示社會科學期刊在同時法自我引用率比歷時法自我引用率之分佈情形來得相似。 二、社會科學各學科期刊自我引用率與其他引用數據的相關性分析 同時法自我引用率與被引用次數、影響因素；歷時法自我引用率與影響因素為最相關的引用數據，而自我引用率與引用半衰期之相關性極小；歷時法自我引用率與即時引用指數則未有學科達到顯著差異。 三、社會科學各學科期刊自我引用率與其他引用數據的相關性差異分析 十三組引用數據相關係數差異性檢定之中，達到顯著水準的為： 1.同時法自我引用率和刊載文章篇數、被引用次數、影響因素、即時引用指數； 2.歷時法自我引用率和被引用半衰期； 3.同時法自我引用率和歷時法自我引用率等六組引用數據。 四、社會科學各學科期刊引用數據之平均數差異性分析 1.平均數最具差異的引用數據，以引用半衰期為最，其次是影響因素、被引用次數。 2.而以學科來看的話，平均數最具有差異的為歷史學，其次為心理學。 / The purpose of this study is to explore the self-citation researches of western social sciences journals. According to the experts and scholars opinions, and from the classification of social sciences journals registered in SSCI database knowing that the disciplines which including anthropology (51records), business (101records), economics (173records), education (124records), history (54records), information science and library science (53records), law(99records), management (73records), politics (83records), psychology (423records), sociology and social work (146 records) etc. This study adopts the citation data of Journal Citation Reports (JCR) on 2005. The citation data include articles, total cites, impact factor, immediacy index, citing half-life, cited half-life, synchronous self-citation rate, and diachronous self-citation rate. This research analyzes the journals'' basic characteristics and the characteristics of self-citation data on 2005 In this study, first, the correlation between each pair of citation data on the Pearson correlation tests. Second, the Fisher’s Z-Transform examination is used to examine the correlation coefficient variation of citation data. Third, the study focuses on independent-samples T test is used to ascertain whether there were equality and mean difference between the citation data in social sciences. The results of this study revealed: 1. The distributions of basic data of each disciplines journals and the characteristic of the citation data. (1)Most social sciences journals are quarterly, followed by bimonthly. The economics journals are the most diverse in issued numbers each year, and politics journals are the most extensive of the distribution scope each year. (2)The most numbers of published articles of each journal are 20-29 articles, followed by 30-39 articles. (3) The most numbers of citation frequency of each journal are 100-199 times, followed by 200-299 times. (4)The impact factor is between 0.001 and 0.999 mostly. Among the journals which have the impact factor bigger than 2. (5)The immediacy index is concentrated mostly in 0.001~0.099. However, the immediacy index bigger than 0.5 are law and psychology journals mostly. (6)The mostly Citing half-life is focused on 10 to more than 10 year. Except for information science and library science journals concentrate in 5 years to 5.9 years, the law journals are focused on 7 to 7.9 years. (7)In addition to the information science and library science and politics journals are in cited half-life, the rest journals are not aged easily and have the longer life cycle. (8) The most numbers of synchronous self-citation rate of each journal are 1%-9.99%. (9) The most numbers of diachronous self-citation rate of each journal are 1%-9.99%, followed by 10%-19.99%. The synchronous self-citation rate for each discipline journals are similar; whereas diachronous self-citation rate are different 2. The correlation between self-citation rate and other citation data in journals of social sciences. The highest correlations of journals citation data are between the synchronous self-citation rate and total cites, impact factor, and between diachronous self-citation rate and impact factor; but the correlation between self-citation rate and citing half-life is the minimum. However, there is no significant difference between diachronous self-citation rate and immediacy index. 3.The correlation coefficient variation of self-citation rate and other citation data in journals of social sciences. There are six groups citation data in each discipline have significant difference in correlation coefficient included： (1)Synchronous self-citation rate and published articles, total cites, impact factor and immediacy index. (2) Diachronous self-citation rate and cited half-life. (3) Synchronous self-citation rate and Diachronous self-citation rate. 4.The analysis of equality and mean difference between the citation data in social sciences disciplines journals. (1)Citing half-life has the most significant differences. The second is impact factor. The third is total cites. (2)The difference between history and other disciplines is the highest, psychology come next.

In today's significant and rapidly increasing amount of scientific publications, exploring recent studies in a given research area and building an effective scientific collaboration has become more challenging than any time before. Scientific production growth has been increasing the difficulties for identifying the most relevant papers to cite or to find an appropriate conference or journal to submit a paper to publish. As a result, authors and publishers rely on different analytical approaches in order to measure the relationship among the citation network. Different parameters have been used such as the impact factor, number of citations, co-citation to assess the impact of the produced research publication. However, using one assessing factor considers only one level of relationship exploration, since it does not reflect the effect of the other factors. In this thesis, we propose an approach to measure the Academic Citation Impact that will help to identify the impact of articles, authors, and venues at their extended nearby citation network. We combine the content similarity with the bibliometric indices to evaluate the citation impact of articles, authors, and venues in their surrounding citation network. Using the article metadata, we calculate the semantic similarity between any two articles in the extended network. Then we use the similarity score and bibliometric indices to evaluate the impact of the articles, authors, and venues among their extended nearby citation network. Furthermore, we propose an academic recommendation model to identify the latent preferences among the citation network of the given article in order to expose the concealed connection between the academic objects (articles, authors, and venues) at the citation network of the given article. To reveal the degree of trust for collaboration between academic objects (articles, authors, and venues), we use the similarity learning to estimate the collaborative confidence score that represents the anticipation of a prospect relationship between the academic objects among a scientific community. We conducted an offline experiment to measure the accuracy of delivering personalized recommendations, based on the user’s selection preferences; real-world datasets were used. Our evaluation results show a potential improvement to the quality of the recommendation when compared to baseline recommendation algorithms that consider co-citation information.

Accepted for publication in Physics World (January 2007) / With the vast majority of scientific papers now available online, this paper (accepted for publication in Physics World) describes how the Web is allowing physicists and information providers to measure more accurately the impact of these papers and their authors. Provides a historical background of citation analysis, impact factor, new citation data sources (e.g., Google Scholar, Scopus, NASA's Astrophysics Data System Abstract Service, MathSciNet, ScienceDirect, SciFinder Scholar, Scitation/SPIN, and SPIRES-HEP), as well as h-index, g-index, and a-index.

M.Phil / Citing is the process by which scholars give recognition to research used by another academic researcher. Citation resources are tools used by academic scholars for keeping track of who did what research and the impact of the research within the discipline. Citation analysis is therefore an attempt to measure the impact and contribution of a study to the body of knowledge and research. Citation tracking and citation analysis is facilitated by making use of information resources which specialize in citations and tools for conducting citation analysis. The citation resource by The Institute for Scientific Information (ISI), Web of Science (WOS), was traditionally the citation tool of choice of academics for more than 40 years. The arrival in 2004 of Scopus, a fee-based citation resource, and Google Scholar (GS), a citation resource available for free and accessible via the Web, presented WOS with competition. The prolific growth of the citation resources created new opportunities for academics in citation tracking and citation analysis. The question of which citation resource to use in the process of tracking citations and conducting citation analysis posed a challenge to librarians and information professionals at academic institutions. It became essential to establish which citation resource was not only most relevant to use for which subject discipline, but which was the most cost-effective with the advent of shrinking library budgets. Therefore the need arose for citation resources to be compared with the aim of establishing whether the newcomers Scopus and GS are substitutes for or complementary to the traditional WOS. The objectives of this study included comparing WOS, Scopus and GS in order to determine whether evaluation criteria existed for citation resources, to define scholarly environmental sciences journals within a South African context, to determine which citation resource presented the most comprehensive citation coverage of the South African scholarly environmental sciences journals, to determine whether GS could be considered a substitute for the fee-based citation resources WOS and Scopus, and to determine how the content of the exported data for the journal sample population compared in terms of content completeness and quality. The research study consisted of a detailed literature review, followed by an empirical component using a comparative research design and the technique of purposive non-probability sampling in order to define the sample population for the study. The South African scholarly environmental sciences journals internationally accredited during the period 2004-2008 were chosen as the sample target population. The study consisted of a pilot study and three measuring instruments that were compiled based on the literature review. The results of the macro-level evaluation established that Scopus surpasses both WOS and GS. On the other hand, the micro-level evaluation concluded that WOS surpasses Scopus and GS. The content verification process conducted determined that Scopus and WOS both surpass GS. These findings were presented at the 12th Annual World Wide Web Applications conference in September 2010. The study was able to establish that GS is not a substitute for WOS and/or Scopus for the South African scholarly environmental sciences journals. In addition, it was concluded that GS can be used as a supplementary citation resource to the fee-based citation resources WOS and Scopus. It was further determined that the citation resource Scopus can be considered a substitute for WOS, which was traditionally the citation resource of choice of academic researchers.

Les résumés abstraits de dialogues permettent aux gens de comprendre rapidement les aspects clés des conversations dont la synthèse nécessiterait autrement des efforts considérables. Malgré les progrès considérables réalisés par les grands modèles de langage (LLM), même les modèles les plus puissants souffrent encore d’hallucinations lorsqu’ils génèrent des résumés abstraits et ne parviennent pas à couvrir des aspects importants du contenu sous-jacent. En outre, la vérification humaine de la factualité d’un résumé abstrait peut nécessiter un effort considérable. L’un des moyens de minimiser la charge cognitive liée à la vérification de la qualité d’un résumé consiste à faire en sorte que le résumé cite des phrases dans le contenu original. Cependant, il est rare que les ensembles de données de résumés abstraits citent des passages de texte du contenu original. Même les meilleurs LLM ont du mal à effectuer un résumé basé sur des citations. Pour résoudre ce problème, nous créons l’ensemble de données Tweetsumm++, composé de résumés abstraits soutenus par des citations de dialogues entre clients et entreprises sur Twitter. Nous examinons également une méthode d’entraînement et de formulation de problèmes multitâches qui apprend à effectuer conjointement un résumé extractif et un résumé abstractif faisant référence au contenu extrait. Dans notre configuration, le modèle est également chargé d’étiqueter les phrases clés dans des catégories telles que ISSUE, RESOLUTION,WORKAROUND et autres, qui représentent les principaux éléments clés d’un dialogue. Nous explorons l’impact de la mise au point d’un LLM Mixtral open-source pour effectuer un résumé abstractif basé sur des citations et une catégorisation des phrases clés. En outre, étant donné que l’acquisition d’étiquettes pour un tel ensemble de données est coûteuse, nous explorons une nouvelle méthode d’auto-étiquetage basée sur le feedback de l’IA qui bénéficie du format de résumé basé sur les citations et peut améliorer les modèles en ce qui concerne la qualité des citations. / Abstractive summaries of dialogues allow people to quickly understand key aspects of conversations that might otherwise take considerable effort to synthesize. Despite the tremendous progress made by large language models (LLMs), even the most powerful models still suffer from hallucinations when generating abstractive summaries and fail to cover important aspects of the underlying content. Furthermore, human verification of the factuality of an abstractive summary can entail significant effort. One way to minimize the cognitive load of quality checking an abstractive summary is to have the summary cite sentences within the original content. However, it is uncommon for abstractive summarization datasets to cite passages of text from the original content. Even the best LLMs struggle to perform citation-backed summarization. To address this issue, we create the Tweetsumm++ dataset composed of citation-backed abstractive summaries of dialogues between customers and companies on Twitter. We also examine a multi-task problem formulation and training method that learns to jointly perform extractive, and abstractive summarization which reference the extracted content. In our setup, the model is also tasked with tagging key sentences into categories such as ISSUE, RESOLUTION, WORKAROUND, and others that represent the main key elements of a dialogue. We explore the impact of fine-tuning an open-source Mixtral LLM to perform citation-backed abstractive summarization and key sentence categorization. Further, since acquiring labels for such a dataset is costly, we explore a novel self-labeling method based on AI feedback that benefits from the citation-based summarization format and can improve models with respect to citation quality.

This thesis provides an in-depth study of the possibilities of applying bibliometric methods to the research field of literary studies. The four articles that constitute the backbone of this thesis focus on different aspects of references and citations in literary studies: from the use of references in the text to citation patterns among 34 literature journals. The analysis covers both an Anglo-Saxon context as well as research in Swedish literary studies, and the materials used include Web of Science data, references in the Swedish literature journal TFL (Tidskrift för Litteraturvetenskap) and applications to the Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsrådet). A study is also made of the influence of one single publication—Walter Benjamin’s Illuminations—and its impact in literary studies and in wider academia. The results from the four articles are elaborated upon using a theoretical framework that focuses on differences in the social and intellectual organization of research fields. According to these theories literary studies can be described as a fragmented, heterogenic, interdisciplinary and ‘rural’ field with a diverse audience. The fragmented and rural organization of the field is reflected in low citation frequencies as well as in the difficulties in discerning research specialities in co-citation mappings, while the analysis of the intellectual base (highly cited authors) is an example of the heterogenic and interdisciplinary character of the field, as it includes authors from many fields across the humanities and the social sciences. The thesis emphasizes that bibliometric studies of research fields in the humanities need to incorporate non-English and non-journal publications in order to produce valid and fair results. Moreover, bibliometric methods must be modified in accordance with the organization of research in a particular field, and differences in referencing practices and citation patterns ought to be considered. Consequently, it is advised that bibliometric measures for evaluating research in these fields should, if used at all, be applied with great caution. / <p>© Björn Hammarfelt 2012</p>

Darbe pristatomas daugtaškio vartojimas grožiniuose tekstuose. Kadangi skyrybos intonacinis-pauzinis ir prasmės principai vis labiau akcentuojami, tiriama daugtaškio įtaka teksto emociniam ir ekspresiniam atspalviui, intonacijai, prasminiams akcentams, raiškos gyvumui. Tiriamąją medžiagą sudaro pavyzdžiai su 1876 daugtaškiais, pavartotais neoromantizmo atstovės Šatrijos Raganos apysakų rinkinyje „Sename dvare“ ir postmodernistų Renatos Šerelytės romane „Vardas tamsoje“ ir Mariaus Ivaškevičiaus romane „Žali“. Autoriai pasirinkti siekiant palyginti rašymo laikotarpiams (juos skiria šimtmetis), tekstų tipams, pasirinktos literatūros krypčiai būdingą autorinę skyrybą. Teorinės žinios apie daugtaškį lyginamos su realia ženklo vartosena, aiškinamasi, kokias funkcijas tiriamuose tekstuose jis atlieka, aptariami galimi daugtaškio sinonimai. Nemažai dėmesio skiriama vartojimo dažnumo tyrimui statistiniu metodu. / This Master’s thesis presents the use of suspension points in the imaginative texts. As the intonation pause and meaning principles of punctuation are more and more emphasized, the influence of suspension points has been analyzed from the point of the emotional and expressive shade, intonation, meaningful focus, vividness of expression. The research material consists of 1876 examples of suspension points used in the collection of stories “In an Old Manor” by Satrijos Ragana and in the novels of post-modern writers: “The Name in the Darkness” by Renata Serelyte and the novel “The Greens” by Marius Ivaskevicius. The authors have been chosen aiming to compare the authors’ punctuation characteristic to the writing periods (the difference between them is one hundred years), types of the texts, and the chosen trend in literature. The theoretical knowledge about the suspension points have been compared with the real use of the punctuation mark, it has been targeted to ascertain what are the functions of this punctuation mark in the analyzed texts, the possible synonyms of suspension points have been discussed in the thesis. Great attention has been paid to the analysis of the usage frequency applying statistical method.