This research examines European Union (EU) policy instruments affecting the urban domain throughout the lenses of the Europeanization approach. Instead of looking at EU instruments that are formally/legally consecrated to cities, we use theoretical public policy analysis to explore the arenas and the causal mechanisms that structure the encounter between the EU and urban systems of governance. We develop the argument that there are four different modes of Europeanization. In consequence, to grasp the essence of a single instrument or a given EU initiative, one has to establish which mode is prevailing in the policy logic of that instrument or initiative. The core variables that explain change concern the status of actors’ preferences (a) and the payoffs from Europeanization (b). The combination of (a) and (b) thus originates a four dimensional space. We can therefore develop a typology for the modes of Europeanization, which chimes with current theorisations on the EU modes of governance. The eventual Europeanization of urban systems depends on the nature of strategic interaction, not on the legal ‘tools’ explicitly designated for cities. Thus, policy instruments are initially associated with the four modes. We then used process-tracing to verify whether instruments actually perform according to the ‘mode’ to which they have been initially paired, or if they trigger contingencies that have not been theoretically/deductively foreseen. This is particularly convenient within a realm – urban policies – where the EU does not have a specific formal competence and where interactions between ‘cities’ and the EU are likely to take place within multiple policy areas and during different stages of the policy process. Mechanisms are explored by considering the city of Turin. The four ‘policy instruments’ selected as proxies for the assessment of modes of Europeanization are the Covenant of Mayors programme for energy saving, directive 1994/62 (then waste framework directive) for waste management, directive 1993/30 for air quality control and the URBAN II Community Initiative for urban regeneration and development. The analysis of the four instruments reveals less variation between modes than initially expected. In this connection, theoretical similarity between modes, as emerged from the typological exercise carried out at the outset of the research, was partially echoed by the empirical analysis of policy instruments. Within cities and urban areas, the Europeanization effect is likely to assume a more blurred fashion and the action of, and reaction to, Europe is greatly interwoven with other dynamics, which in turn shape the perception and the actual impact of European modes and instruments for regulation. In the conclusions we highlight the differences between this approach and the traditional analysis of EU urban policy, and suggest avenues for future empirical research based on typologies of policy instruments.

CHDS State/Local / After mainland United States suffered a violent attack upon its citizenry, Homeland Security professionals recognized the need to protect a growing number of critical infrastructure locations. Millions of dollars earmarked for emergency management programs were funneled into technologies that enabled public safety to â do more with less." Closed circuit television surveillance systems rocketed to the forefront as the must-have technology. Citizens of the United States became subject to video surveillance during their normal daily routines. This thesis examines the management of CCTV systems used by municipal police departments and analyzes the policies created to control the technology and prevent abuse. Using U.S. Census Bureau data, the police departments responsible for protecting the 50 largest cities were contacted and surveyed. The initial step determined what jurisdictions utilized surveillance cameras to monitor public domains. The follow-up steps gathered information about the systems being used; the management decisions regarding where to place the cameras; the training for its operators; supervision standards; the written policies regulating the department's program; analyzing those directives; and finally, presenting step-by-step recommendations for implementing CCTV surveillance systems for Homeland Security use. / Captain, Philadelphia Police Department

UA Open Access Publishing Fund / Local governments in both Mexico and the U.S. spend considerable money on public services, which do not always bring the expected results. For instance, a large part of the public budget is destined to solve social and health problems, such as public sanitation. Government has attacked the problem by providing public sanitation infrastructure (such as garbage and recycling receptacles) and by using social ad campaigns. However, these efforts do not always affect the habits of residents and bring the desired changes in city sanitation. This article presents a case study that used a participatory method to address an innovative city sanitation effort: The Clean City Program in Puebla, Mexico. This program adopted social marketing techniques, a discipline born in the 70s when the principles and practices developed to sell products and services started to be applied to sell ideas, attitudes, or behaviors. Social marketing programs have been adopted by governments to change attitudes and behavior in areas such as public services. The article first describes the context and strategies of the program, which included the use of the promotora model to engage community members. The researchers then make use of qualitative data gathered throughout program planning and implementation to evaluate the impact of the social marketing programs and its effectiveness. The article analyzes social, educational, economic, demographic, and cultural factors that influence the effectiveness of sanitation programs and presents recommendations for strategies to engage community members in community sanitation programs.

No description available.

Call number: LD2668 .P7 1975 N48

M.Tech. (Architectural Technology) / This thesis is an attempt at changing the urban visions of the inner-city of Johannesburg, in particular Marshalltown. Through the generation of a new urban network/ transport orientated development (T.O.D) within the inner-city , the underlying aim of this thesis is to enhance the inner-city of Johannesburg and to promote a more sustainable way of life for it's current and future residents . Essentially, this thesis is an urban regeneration project which re-appropriates existing building stock within the inner city, in hope of promoting Marshalltown as a vibrant, safe , liveable, dynamic and sustainable environment . This thesis favours the compact city approach, which promotes high density , mixed use development, public transport and community living. The proposed architectural intervention for this thesis deals with the appropriation of an existing auto and general shop situated on Anderson street , Marshalltown, and converts it into a mixed-use building which aims to improve and enhance the quality of life with in the precinct .

This work deals with the current situation of cities, government and their problems with the number of population which still rises. The cities appeal maintenance high-quality of services, content of citizens, economic growth and competitive advantage. The goal of this work is to show how works the vision Smarter Cities, which helps with setting the right strategy for the city. This work is composed of two parts. The first part is describing the situation in the cities and the state of information technology in public service. Than, it introduces the tools for investors and cities which use the Smarter Cities principles. The second part is talking how to implement these tools and principles in a real city. I received the document Information strategy for years 2011-2011 and Communication strategy for the city of Plzen (Pilsen). Value Tree and Actionable Smarter Cities tools were used to analyze the above mentioned documents. The output of this work is the recommendation for the city of Plzen (Pilsen) - which applications to use in respect for the city's strategy and at the same time, how to continue with Smarter City implementation.

Cidades ao redor do mundo enfrentam diversos desafios para proporcionar uma boa qualidade de vida aos seus cidadãos. Sistemas de software vêm sendo desenvolvidos com objetivo de melhorar os serviços e otimizar o uso da infraestrutura da cidade. Desenvolver ambientes de experimentação para esses sistemas na escala de grandes cidades ainda é um desafio, devido ao alto custo e problemas de infraestrutura. Por sua vez, a simulação é um mecanismo que vem sendo utilizado na realização de experimentos em diversas áreas do conhecimento. O objetivo deste trabalho é auxiliar na construção de um ambiente de experimentação de larga escala e interativo para plataformas de Cidades Inteligentes através de simulação. Para tanto, desenvolvemos uma arquitetura de software visando permitir a integração de plataformas e simuladores de Cidades Inteligentes. Dois estudos de caso demostraram a viabilidade da solução, integrando o simulador InterSCSimulator e a plataforma InterSCity, envolvendo uma série de melhorias em ambas as ferramentas. Apresentamos detalhes de como implementar a arquitetura proposta, além da execução de experimentos na escala da cidade de São Paulo. Acreditamos que a solução nos levou a resultados satisfatórios, tendo em vista que, foi possível realizar experimentos de larga escala através de simulação por meio da implementação da arquitetura apresentada. Portanto, projetamos uma arquitetura de software que poderá servir de base para integração de plataformas e simuladores de Cidades Inteligentes com o intuito de realizar experimentos de larga escala e interativo, visando principalmente questões de desempenho e escalabilidade. / Cities around the world face a number of challenges to provide a good quality of life for their citizens. Software systems have been developed with the aim of improving services and optimizing the use of the citys infrastructure. Developing experimentation environments for these systems in the large cities scale is still a challenge due to the high cost and infrastructure problems. In turn, the simulation is a mechanism that has been used to enable experiments in several areas of knowledge. The goal of this work is to assist in the development of a large scale and interactive experimentation environment for Smart Cities platforms through simulation. For this, we developed a software architecture to allow the integration of platforms and simulators of Smart Cities. Two case studies demonstrated the feasibility of the solution, integrating the InterSCSimulator simulator and the InterSCity platform, involving a series of improvements in both tools. We present details of how to implement the proposed architecture, as well as the execution of experiments on the scale of the city of São Paulo. We believe that the solution led us to satisfactory results, considering that it was possible to perform large- scale experiments through simulation using the implementation of the presented architecture. Therefore, we have designed a software architecture that can be used as a basis for the integration of Smart Cities platforms and simulators in order to perform large-scale and interactive experiments, primarily focusing on performance and scalability issues.

Trata-se do projeto. Isto é: proposta e antecipação. Modificação do que aí está, especificação do que deve ser feito, de como deve ser feito e de onde deve ser feito, para instaurar um outro tempo mais humano e mais justo na cidade do homem. Ao se juntar a outros projetos, a outras propostas (a outras especificações) que virão, este projeto nada mais é do que uma contribuição, parcela e fragmento de um todo maior que se pretende, algum dia, o verdadeiro projeto coletivo nacional. Como projeto carrega várias outras intenções, além desta intenção maior. Houve uma intenção didática, de transmissão de conhecimento e experimentação. Houve também uma intenção metodológica, de instauração de um caminho a seguir, de itinerário a percorrer, de etapas a cumprir. E houve sempre, subjacente, uma intenção criativa, isto é, de produção de cultura e de comunicação do produto da cultura. / Not available

No abstract.