Thesis (M. Sc. (Urb. Plan.))--University of Hong Kong, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 175-178).

Thesis (L.L.M.)--University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 171-173).

LL.D. / Due to a democratic policy of transparency, responsibility and accountability, government organisations in the 'new' South Africa will have to properly and thoroughly plan and manage all facets of the national economy. Planning of land rights, - development and environmental conservation is necessary to manage the housing shortage, industrial and agricultural development and the principles of the Development Facilitation Act and the reconstruction and development programme. Town-, regional- and environmental conservation planning (especially managing of natural resources) is of vital importance. The role of the community, public participation, opinions and input is vital and desirable. New legislation in terms of town- and regional planning matters is however not completely in place. Administrative law, particularly the administrative justice stipulation in the constitution, plays an important and integral role in terms of the duties of town planning tribunals, developmental facilitation tribunals, town councils, ministers, provincial premiers and members of executive committees' powers and functions. The relevant legislation in Gauteng Province is the Development Facilitation Act, Town planning and Townships Ordinance (Tvl), the Local Government Transition Act,' the Gauteng Removal of Restrictions Act, 2 town planning schemes and the Environmental Conservation Act. This list is not a numerus clausus and will be discussed further below. The basis and practical area of application of all this legislation is administrative law. The administrative justice stipulation in the Constitution plays a vital and essential role in the implementation and execution of such legislation.

The changes to the British Columbia Municipal Act repealing land use contracts in 1978 by Bill 42, and the subsequent amendments leading up to Bill 62 in 1985 and Bill 30 in 1987 have been both dramatic and comprehensive in their effect on land development and the approval process. Since the repealing of land use contracts and in spite of the new amendments, B.C. planning legislation has been increasingly criticized among developers, planners, and local governments for the lack of development agreement provisions and adequate flexibility in the municipal approval process. This thesis investigates the possibility of reintroducing land use contracts as a development agreement control in the context of current planning practices. A literature review of the evolution of municipal planning control in B.C. is conducted to provide background information for a theoretical and practical evaluation of the current system of controls in comparison to the former system of land use contracts. The theoretical evaluation is based on measuring both systems against normative criteria, whereas the practical evaluation is comprised of a local government/development industry survey and several case studies. The following conclusions are made in this research: - Land use contracts were introduced in response to a growing need among local governments for some legitimate legislative means of entering into development agreements with developers to require developers to assist in providing the municipal services associated with their development. - Local government support for the land use contract was based on the ability to regulate design, ensure regulation performance, and to enter into off-site servicing and amenity agreements. - The development industry was initially supportive of land use contracts because they offered unlimited flexibility during negotiations and the certainty of a legal contract immune to future zoning changes. Developers eventually withdrew their support for land use contracts complaining of large scale downzoning, lengthy approval delays and excessive impost fees. Many of these allegations are dispelled in this research, but the real weakness of the land use contract was that it was difficult to amend and could be used extensively to replace zoning, effectively "fettering" future council's planning powers. - In the absence of the land use contract, many municipal governments are continuing with a land use contract practice, but without a legislative or in some instances legal basis. - The theoretical analysis, survey and case studies determine that the current planning legislation is adequate for the most part. There is a need however, for a land use contract mechanism to accommodate mixed use, comprehensive or complicated developments. This type of control was determined to be superior in accommodating these types of projects to the current approach of using a variety of planning mechanisms. Generally there is support among local governments and the development industry in B.C. for new land use contract legislation as long as it is more clearly defined to avoid the mistakes of its use in the 1970's. On the basis of this analysis, the study recommends that land use contract reintroduced but in a much more controlled and limited way. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

The Metropolitan Vancouver Region is expected to have a population of over 3.3 million within the next 25 years. As a designated growth concentration area, the City of Vancouver is expected to absorb 160,000 people by 2021. While existing plans will allow for future high density developments, 70% of the City's residential areas remain zoned explicitly for single-family use. The intensification of these single-family neighbourhoods is viewed as a way of using the existing housing stock and the existing residential land more efficiently. The intensification techniques that are appropriate for single-family neighbourhoods include: conversion, infill and redevelopment. Planners think that intensification efforts will not only alleviate some of the detrimental impacts of sprawl, but will also provide a more diversified housing stock that will be more appropriate for the needs of an increasingly complex society. Unfortunately, some existing residents have been extremely vocal in opposition to any intensification efforts in their neighbourhoods. The residents claim that any intensification will disrupt the character of their existing single-family neighbourhoods. While the arguments for retaining exclusive single-family neighbourhoods are specious at best, the NIMBY mentality of residents has often proved to be an effective form of opposition to intensification efforts. An approach for overcoming the NIMBY syndrome is a successful program of community outreach. Community outreach attempts to minimize community opposition and to rally support for the development within the community. Attention is focused on the residents who have not already become opponents of the development. A successful community outreach program will limit residents' factual misunderstandings and their exaggerated fears about the project's potential impacts. Negotiations should be undertaken with residents who are willing to compromise; residents who refuse to talk cooperatively should not be brought into the problem-solving process. Future plans for intensification must establish a sense of certainty in the way a neighbourhood will change. The exaggerated sense of fear that residents have about the potential changes in their neighbourhood is the biggest obstacle to overcome if the Metropolitan Vancouver Region is to successfully implement an intensification program into existing single-family neighbourhoods.

É da natureza humana que haja a aglomeração de pessoas em determinados espaços. As cidades foram se formando naturalmente, sem serem idealizadas, ao valorizar apenas que o homem precisava explorar as condições naturais do local a ser povoado. Consequentemente, com a falta de organização as cidades contemporâneas passaram a abrigar diversos problemas de planejamento, o que inclui as adversidades ambientais. A evolução das cidades representa ao mesmo tempo retrocesso, pois o excesso de exploração dos recursos naturais resulta em sua degradação e consequentemente há degradação humana. O desenvolvimento sustentável surge no cenário mundial como alternativa de conciliação entre crescimento econômico e populacional e a proteção ambiental. Apesar de ser aspiração global, de fato deverá ser buscado a nível local, de forma mais próxima da realidade da sociedade. No Brasil, através de determinações constitucionais de 1988, o planejamento urbano por meio dos Municípios é viável, diante dos instrumentos legais disponíveis. O presente trabalho é desenvolvido sob o tema das transformações urbanísticas e ambientais sofridas pelo rápido adensamento populacional, com resposta para as seguintes questões: De que forma os Municípios do litoral norte do Rio Grande do Sul reagem ao adensamento populacional? Como o planejamento poderá favorecer a preservação ambiental? Nesse sentido, através do método comparativo, com análise por meio de amostra intencional dos Municípios de Capão da Canoa, Tramandaí e Torres, foram confirmadas as premissas de que a região conta com estrutura insuficiente para atender a demanda e serviços fundamentais, porém há a atualização de legislação para reorganização e planejamento, visando a melhoria das cidades. Assim, verificou-se a importância do planejamento local. / Submitted by Ana Guimarães Pereira (agpereir@ucs.br) on 2016-04-29T16:12:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Samia Caroline dos Santos Souza.pdf: 2233899 bytes, checksum: dbb505eb7bad802529a5dab8603d172f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T16:12:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Samia Caroline dos Santos Souza.pdf: 2233899 bytes, checksum: dbb505eb7bad802529a5dab8603d172f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-29 / It is of human nature for people to live in clusters in certain spaces. Cities were formed naturally, without being idealized, valuing only what humans needed to explorer the natural conditions of the place to be populated. Therefore, without proper planning, contemporary cities began developing many planning problems, which includes environmental adversities. The evolution of these cities also represent a retrogress because excessive exploitation of its natural resources results on its own degradation and, consequently, human degradation as well. Sustainable development emerges in the global scenario as an alternative to conciliate between economical and population growth and environmental protection. Although it's a global desire, it should be searched at a local level, in a manner that is closer to society's reality. In Brazil, through constitutional determinations in 1988, urban planning by the municipalities is viable, upon the legal instruments available. The present study is developed on the topic of urban planning and environmental transformations suffered by the rapid population densification, with answers to the following questions: How does the norther coastal municipalities of Rio Grande do Sul react to population density? How will planning be able to promote environmental preservation? In this sense, through the comparative method, with analysis by means of intentional samples of the municipalities of Capão da Canoa, Tramandaí and Torres, the assumptions were confirmed that the region has inadequate structure to meet the demand and basic services, however there is a legislation update for reorganizing and planning, aimed to improve these cities. Thus, the importance of local planning was verified.

A pesquisa aborda a relação entre espaço urbano e capitalismo, com ênfase no contexto de crise de sobreacumulação e, portanto, na necessidade de expansão de capital por meio da acumulação por espoliação e da apropriação dos bens comuns. Em face da amplitude do tema, posteriormente, a conjuntura, bem como suas categorias, é conectada à Copa do Mundo de 2014, realizada em doze cidades brasileiras. Por meio da análise do universal ao particular, soma-se o estudo da teoria e da prática da apropriação das cidades, verificando seus atores, estratégias e consequências para a classe trabalhadora. O principal objetivo da dissertação, portanto, é desvelar o grande plano de superação de crise de sobreacumulação que se esconde por trás de megaeventos esportivos e do discurso ideológico, e que é legitimado pelo ordenamento jurídico, por meio de sua aplicação ou suspensão. Fundamentado no método dialético-materialista, a abordagem pretende enfrentar as seguintes questões: Como o capitalismo, no atual contexto, se apropria das cidades? No Brasil, essa apropriação possui vínculo com a Copa do Mundo de 2014? Quais são os atores, públicos e privados, envolvidos na produção do espaço sob o amparo capitalista e como eles atuam? Como esse processo impactou (via remoções e despejos) a vida da classe trabalhadora durante a Copa do Mundo de 2014? Para responder essas perguntas, fez-se uso das pesquisas bibliográfica e documental, em que, totalmente conectadas, a primeira resguarda as categorias referidas ao longo do texto e a segunda ampara a leitura de realidade. Em acordo com o método adotado, objetiva-se, ainda, o exame acerca das possibilidades de resistência aos impactos do megaevento esportivo para as comunidades atingidas pelas obras de infraestrutura (particular), ao mesmo tempo em que se reflete sobre as dificuldades de insurgência em face do processo de privatização mercantilização da cidade (universal). Em suma, almeja-se apresentar um estudo que contribua para o resgate da esperança e da utopia, além da garantia do direito à cidade e da emancipação humana. / Submitted by Ana Guimarães Pereira (agpereir@ucs.br) on 2016-06-22T11:58:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Renata Piroli Mascarello.pdf: 2462888 bytes, checksum: f0840f71d53004ad72a7a934035c1fd5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-22T11:58:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Renata Piroli Mascarello.pdf: 2462888 bytes, checksum: f0840f71d53004ad72a7a934035c1fd5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, CAPES. / The research addresses the relationship between the relationship between urban space and capitalism, with emphasis in the context of over-accumulation crisis and, therefore, in need of capital expansion through the accumulation by dispossession and appropriation of common goods. Given the amplitude of the subject, subsequently, the conjuncture, as well as its categories, is connected to the World Cup 2014, held in twelve Brazilian cities. Through the universal analysis to the particular one, it sums up the study of theory and practice of appropriation of cities, checking their actors, strategies and consequences for the working class. Main purpose of this work is, therefore, to unveil the great over-accumulation crisis overcoming plan that lurks behind mega sporting events and ideological discourse, and that is legitimized by the legal system, through its application or suspension. Based on the dialectical-materialist method, the approach aims to address the following questions: How capitalism in the current context, appropriates the cities? In Brazil, this appropriation has any link with the World Cup 2014? What are the actors, public and private, involved in the production of space under the capitalist support and how they act? How this process impacted (via removals and evictions) the life of the working class during the World Cup 2014? To answer these questions, there was use of bibliographic and documentary research, in which, fully connected, the first protects the categories mentioned in the text and the second holds the reality of reading. In accordance with the adopted method, the objective is also examining about the possibilities of resistance to the impacts of mega sporting events to the communities affected by infrastructure works (particular) , while it reflects on the insurgency difficulties in face the commercialization process of privatization of the city (universal). In short, it aims to present a study to contribute to the rescue of hope and utopia, as well as ensuring the right to the city and human emancipation .

A pesquisa aborda a relação entre espaço urbano e capitalismo, com ênfase no contexto de crise de sobreacumulação e, portanto, na necessidade de expansão de capital por meio da acumulação por espoliação e da apropriação dos bens comuns. Em face da amplitude do tema, posteriormente, a conjuntura, bem como suas categorias, é conectada à Copa do Mundo de 2014, realizada em doze cidades brasileiras. Por meio da análise do universal ao particular, soma-se o estudo da teoria e da prática da apropriação das cidades, verificando seus atores, estratégias e consequências para a classe trabalhadora. O principal objetivo da dissertação, portanto, é desvelar o grande plano de superação de crise de sobreacumulação que se esconde por trás de megaeventos esportivos e do discurso ideológico, e que é legitimado pelo ordenamento jurídico, por meio de sua aplicação ou suspensão. Fundamentado no método dialético-materialista, a abordagem pretende enfrentar as seguintes questões: Como o capitalismo, no atual contexto, se apropria das cidades? No Brasil, essa apropriação possui vínculo com a Copa do Mundo de 2014? Quais são os atores, públicos e privados, envolvidos na produção do espaço sob o amparo capitalista e como eles atuam? Como esse processo impactou (via remoções e despejos) a vida da classe trabalhadora durante a Copa do Mundo de 2014? Para responder essas perguntas, fez-se uso das pesquisas bibliográfica e documental, em que, totalmente conectadas, a primeira resguarda as categorias referidas ao longo do texto e a segunda ampara a leitura de realidade. Em acordo com o método adotado, objetiva-se, ainda, o exame acerca das possibilidades de resistência aos impactos do megaevento esportivo para as comunidades atingidas pelas obras de infraestrutura (particular), ao mesmo tempo em que se reflete sobre as dificuldades de insurgência em face do processo de privatização mercantilização da cidade (universal). Em suma, almeja-se apresentar um estudo que contribua para o resgate da esperança e da utopia, além da garantia do direito à cidade e da emancipação humana. / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, CAPES. / The research addresses the relationship between the relationship between urban space and capitalism, with emphasis in the context of over-accumulation crisis and, therefore, in need of capital expansion through the accumulation by dispossession and appropriation of common goods. Given the amplitude of the subject, subsequently, the conjuncture, as well as its categories, is connected to the World Cup 2014, held in twelve Brazilian cities. Through the universal analysis to the particular one, it sums up the study of theory and practice of appropriation of cities, checking their actors, strategies and consequences for the working class. Main purpose of this work is, therefore, to unveil the great over-accumulation crisis overcoming plan that lurks behind mega sporting events and ideological discourse, and that is legitimized by the legal system, through its application or suspension. Based on the dialectical-materialist method, the approach aims to address the following questions: How capitalism in the current context, appropriates the cities? In Brazil, this appropriation has any link with the World Cup 2014? What are the actors, public and private, involved in the production of space under the capitalist support and how they act? How this process impacted (via removals and evictions) the life of the working class during the World Cup 2014? To answer these questions, there was use of bibliographic and documentary research, in which, fully connected, the first protects the categories mentioned in the text and the second holds the reality of reading. In accordance with the adopted method, the objective is also examining about the possibilities of resistance to the impacts of mega sporting events to the communities affected by infrastructure works (particular) , while it reflects on the insurgency difficulties in face the commercialization process of privatization of the city (universal). In short, it aims to present a study to contribute to the rescue of hope and utopia, as well as ensuring the right to the city and human emancipation .

É da natureza humana que haja a aglomeração de pessoas em determinados espaços. As cidades foram se formando naturalmente, sem serem idealizadas, ao valorizar apenas que o homem precisava explorar as condições naturais do local a ser povoado. Consequentemente, com a falta de organização as cidades contemporâneas passaram a abrigar diversos problemas de planejamento, o que inclui as adversidades ambientais. A evolução das cidades representa ao mesmo tempo retrocesso, pois o excesso de exploração dos recursos naturais resulta em sua degradação e consequentemente há degradação humana. O desenvolvimento sustentável surge no cenário mundial como alternativa de conciliação entre crescimento econômico e populacional e a proteção ambiental. Apesar de ser aspiração global, de fato deverá ser buscado a nível local, de forma mais próxima da realidade da sociedade. No Brasil, através de determinações constitucionais de 1988, o planejamento urbano por meio dos Municípios é viável, diante dos instrumentos legais disponíveis. O presente trabalho é desenvolvido sob o tema das transformações urbanísticas e ambientais sofridas pelo rápido adensamento populacional, com resposta para as seguintes questões: De que forma os Municípios do litoral norte do Rio Grande do Sul reagem ao adensamento populacional? Como o planejamento poderá favorecer a preservação ambiental? Nesse sentido, através do método comparativo, com análise por meio de amostra intencional dos Municípios de Capão da Canoa, Tramandaí e Torres, foram confirmadas as premissas de que a região conta com estrutura insuficiente para atender a demanda e serviços fundamentais, porém há a atualização de legislação para reorganização e planejamento, visando a melhoria das cidades. Assim, verificou-se a importância do planejamento local. / It is of human nature for people to live in clusters in certain spaces. Cities were formed naturally, without being idealized, valuing only what humans needed to explorer the natural conditions of the place to be populated. Therefore, without proper planning, contemporary cities began developing many planning problems, which includes environmental adversities. The evolution of these cities also represent a retrogress because excessive exploitation of its natural resources results on its own degradation and, consequently, human degradation as well. Sustainable development emerges in the global scenario as an alternative to conciliate between economical and population growth and environmental protection. Although it's a global desire, it should be searched at a local level, in a manner that is closer to society's reality. In Brazil, through constitutional determinations in 1988, urban planning by the municipalities is viable, upon the legal instruments available. The present study is developed on the topic of urban planning and environmental transformations suffered by the rapid population densification, with answers to the following questions: How does the norther coastal municipalities of Rio Grande do Sul react to population density? How will planning be able to promote environmental preservation? In this sense, through the comparative method, with analysis by means of intentional samples of the municipalities of Capão da Canoa, Tramandaí and Torres, the assumptions were confirmed that the region has inadequate structure to meet the demand and basic services, however there is a legislation update for reorganizing and planning, aimed to improve these cities. Thus, the importance of local planning was verified.