Regular Appeal in civil proceedings As it is the case in ordinary life also in judicial decision making, errors cannot always be omitted. A judicial decision can suffer from various defects that may have different characteristics or the judicial decision may not necessary suffer from such defects, but the litigants may consider it as defective due to them being unsatisfied with the unfavorable outcome. For this reason, the civil procedural code contains institutes that enable the modification, revocation or affirmation of a judicial decision. These institutes constitute the appellate procedure are subdivided into regular and extraordinary, depending on whether the litigants are appealing a decision that has already became valid or not. The aim of this diploma thesis is to focus on the current legal regulation of the appellate procedure with a strong emphasis on regular appeal in dispute proceedings. I chose this topic as the focus of my diploma thesis because it is the only regular remedy contained in the czech civil procedural code and therefore the most commonly used in judicial practice and also the one, I am most familiar with from my own professional experience. The fundamentals of the appellate proceedings are contained in the Act no. 99/1963 coll., civil procedural code, which regulates the...

The massive job losses and factory closures in the clothing, textiles and leather industries in almost all countries in the region. The low wages that continue in our industries, resulting in a low and, in many instances, declining standard of living of workers. The crisis which face unemployed workers who have no income, no social security net, and no immediate prospect of a job. It is a fundamental responsibility of governments in the region to work with trade unions and employers in order to develop appropriate policies to secure a future for the industries and to improve the conditions of workers.

En droit judiciaire privé, la distinction du fait et du droit est censée fonder la répartition des rôles entre les parties et le juge sur la matière litigieuse et la délimitation du contrôle de cassation. Au premier abord, cette distinction, historique et adoptée par de nombreux systèmes juridiques, semble évidente voire élémentaire. Du point de vue de la théorie du droit elle trace une frontière entre le fait, au sens d'évènement, et la norme selon un critère de normativité. Cependant, cette simplicité n'est qu'apparente car, en droit judiciaire privé, il n'existe pas une mais plusieurs distinctions. Afin de s'adapter à la réalité processuelle, en matière d'office du juge, elle devient la distinction des domaines du droit et du fait, le premier comprenant les activités juridiques, qui portent sur les règles de droit, et le second les activités factuelles ayant pour objet les éléments de faits. En matière de cassation, elle devient la distinction entre les questions de fait, qui portent sur l'appréciation des faits, et les questions de droit qui concernent l'application du droit. Pourtant, la multiplication des niveaux de distinction ne suffit pas à la rendre opérante : le juge joue un rôle dans le domaine factuel tandis que les parties ont des obligations dans celui du droit ; la Cour de cassation contrôle des questions de fait tandis qu'elle abandonne certaines questions de droit. Puisque la distinction est dépourvue de fondement normatif, il convient de s'en détacher pour revenir aux textes qui déterminent précisément le rôle de chacun dans le procès civil et réalisent un équilibre des rôles. Son caractère inopérant en matière de cassation incite à la remplacer par le véritable critère de compétence : la distinction de l'arrêt et de l'affaire qui fait apparaître le réel objet du contrôle : l'opération juridictionnelle. / In Private Judicial Law, the distinction between the fact and the law is supposed to found the distribution of the roles between the parties and the judge concerning the contentious matter and the delimitation of the cassation control. At first, this historical distinction, adopted by numerous legal systems seems obvious, and even elementary. In terms of the theory of law, it draws a border between the fact, meaning the event, and the norm according to a criterion of normativity. However, this simplicity is only apparent,as, in Private Judicial Law, there is no single distinction, but several differentiations. In order to adapt to the processual reality, as regards the judge's function, it becomes the distinction between sectors of the law and the fact, the first sector including the legal activities, which deal with the rules of law, the second sector refering to the factual activities aiming at the matters of facts. As far as cassation is concerned, it becomes the distinction between the question of fact which focus on the appreciation of the facts and the question of law which deal with the enforcement of the law.Yet the multiplication of the levels of distinction is not sufficient to make it operating : the judge plays a part in the factual field whereas the parties have some obligations in the fields of law ; the Court of Cassation controls questions of fact whereas it gives up certain questions of law. Since the distinction is devoid of normative basis, it is necessary to break away to come back to the texts which precisely determine the role of each party in the civil trial and achieve a balance of the roles. The inoperative nature of the distinction encourages to replace it with the real criterion of competence : the distinction between the judgement and the case which reveals the real object of the control : the jurisdictional operation.

Thesis (M. Soc. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1982.

Magistro darbo tema – „Informacinių technologijų naudojimas šiuolaikiniame civiliniame procese“. Darbe analizuojama, kokiais būdais informacinės technologijos gali būti panaudojamos civiliniame procese, kokią tai turėtų įtaką kai kuriems civilinio proceso principams – proceso operatyvumui, ekonomiškumui, greitumui, efektyvumui ir kitiems. Daugiausia dėmesio magistro darbe skiriama atskiriems informacinių technologijų panaudojimo civiliniame procese klausimams: procesinių dokumentų rengimui ir įteikimui, informacinių technologijų naudojimui įrodinėjimo procese, vaizdo ir telekonferencijų naudojimui, teismo proceso fiksavimui moderniomis priemonėmis, bylos medžiagos kaupimui elektronine forma bei teismų darbo kompiuterizavimui. Atskirai aptariama, kokią įtaką informacinės technologijos, naudojamos civiliniame procese, turi asmens duomenų ir teisės į privatumą apsaugai. Darbe naudojami loginis, sisteminis, aprašomasis, analitinis metodai, remiamasi dabar galiojančių teisės aktų analize bei teisės aktų projektais. Ypač daug dėmesio skiriama užsienio valstybių praktikai analizuojamų klausimų aspektu, aptariant kai kurių autorių mokslinius straipsnius. / The thesis of the master degree paper work is “Use of information technology in nowadays civil procedure“. Work analyses the possibilities of usage of information technology in civil procedure, and how it would impact some principles of civil procedure – efficiency of the process, cost-effectiveness, time-efficiency, effectiveness and other. Paper work mostly concentrates on separate issues of usage of information technology in civil procedure: preparation and service of procedural documents, usage of electronic evidence in the court process, usage of video and teleconferencing, using modern technologies to capture the process of the case, collecting all related documents of the case in electronic form, and computerizing management of courts. Separately the work discusses the impact of information technology usage in the civil procedure to the protection of personal data and right to privacy. Logical, systematical, descriptive, and analytical methods are used in the paper work, besides the work is based on the analysis of the current law and the projects of laws. Very big attention is for analysis of practice of foreign countries in the view of the considered issues, also taking into consideration the articles of some scientists.

Zugl.: Erlangen, Nürnberg, Univ., Diss., 2007 / Includes bibliographical references (p. 369-388).

Thesis (doctoral)--Université de Toulouse. Faculté de droit et des sciences ećonomiques, 1980. / At head of title: Universite de Toulouse. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2008. / Title from title screen (site viewed Nov. 25, 2008). PDF text: 269 p. ; 1 Mb. UMI publication number: AAT 3315208. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in microfilm and microfiche formats.

Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1982. / Also available in print.

Thesis (doctoral) - Universität, Freiburg, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [313]-339) and index.